Analytical PsychologyAnalytical Psychology

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Carl Gustav JungCarl Gustav Jung18751875--19611961Born in SwitzerlandBorn in SwitzerlandKind but weak father, mother Kind but weak father, mother was powerful but suffered was powerful but suffered emotional disturbancesemotional disturbancesLonely childhoodLonely childhoodEarly illnessesEarly illnesses——psychosomatic?psychosomatic?Wanted to be an archaeologist, Wanted to be an archaeologist, could only afford medical schoolcould only afford medical schoolFirst professional assignment First professional assignment with with EugenEugen BleulerBleuler

BleulerBleuler coined term coined term ““schizophreniaschizophrenia””

Carl Gustav Jung (cont).Carl Gustav Jung (cont).Met Freud in 1907Met Freud in 1907

Mutually impressedMutually impressed

Freud considered Jung to be his successorFreud considered Jung to be his successorEarly dissenter of Freud (many reasonsEarly dissenter of Freud (many reasons——sexuality in particular)sexuality in particular)Freud never forgave JungFreud never forgave Jung’’s defections defection

Many other influencesMany other influencesEastern mysticismEastern mysticismMythologyMythologyAlchemyAlchemy

Develops own school of thoughtDevelops own school of thought——Analytical psychologyAnalytical psychology

JungJung’’s Personality Structures Personality Structure

PsychePsyche:: Complex interconnected Complex interconnected network of systems striving for network of systems striving for harmony harmony

Refers to all psychological processes Refers to all psychological processes (thoughts, feelings, sensations, etc.)(thoughts, feelings, sensations, etc.)

EgoEgoPersonal Unconscious (+ complexes)Personal Unconscious (+ complexes)Collective Unconscious (+ archetypes)Collective Unconscious (+ archetypes)

Note: Jung and the UnconsciousNote: Jung and the Unconscious

FreudFreudUnconscious made up of repressed, Unconscious made up of repressed, forbidden materialsforbidden materials

JungJungSource of consciousness (consciousness Source of consciousness (consciousness springs from the unconscious mind)springs from the unconscious mind)Matrix of new possibilities in life Matrix of new possibilities in life

Note: Jung and the LibidoNote: Jung and the Libido

FreudFreudSexual driveSexual drive

JungJungUndifferentiated psychic energyUndifferentiated psychic energyStriving, desiring, willingStriving, desiring, willing

Components of the PsycheComponents of the PsycheEgoEgo

OneOne’’s conscious minds conscious mindLand mass above the surfaceLand mass above the surface

Controls which thoughts, feelings, Controls which thoughts, feelings, memories enter consciousnessmemories enter consciousnessOur identityOur identity——the continuity of identitythe continuity of identity

The stability with which we perceive The stability with which we perceive ourselvesourselves

Not the core system of our personalityNot the core system of our personalityCounterintuitiveCounterintuitive

Components of the Psyche Components of the Psyche

Personal UnconsciousPersonal UnconsciousRepository of all our own thoughts, Repository of all our own thoughts, feelings, memories that reside in the feelings, memories that reside in the unconsciousunconscious

Experiences that we set aside, but remain a Experiences that we set aside, but remain a part of us (may be repressed)part of us (may be repressed)The land mass below the water that The land mass below the water that occasionally rises from the seaoccasionally rises from the sea

Components of the PsycheComponents of the PsycheInformation in personal unconscious Information in personal unconscious grouped into organized grouped into organized complexescomplexes

Organized group of thoughts, feelings, and Organized group of thoughts, feelings, and memories about a particular conceptmemories about a particular conceptConstellating powerConstellating power: Complexes can recruit : Complexes can recruit new ideas, feelings, memories into themnew ideas, feelings, memories into themComplexes promote rigidityComplexes promote rigidity——may make it may make it difficult to change/disengage from the difficult to change/disengage from the conclusions we draw from complexesconclusions we draw from complexes

May function independent of our stated conscious May function independent of our stated conscious desiresdesiresMay be conscious, partly conscious, or May be conscious, partly conscious, or unconsciousunconscious

Mother

My Mother

Mothers I have met

Personal mothering experience

Other experiences being mothered

What I’ve heard about…

New experience

Components of the PsycheComponents of the Psyche

Collective UnconsciousCollective UnconsciousSum total of all human experienceSum total of all human experienceShared by all humansShared by all humans

Social rolesSocial rolesEmotions (finding Emotions (finding ““perfectperfect”” other)other)Language and symbolizationLanguage and symbolization

Transcendent of time and cultureTranscendent of time and cultureEmpirical supportEmpirical support

Dreams, mythology, crossDreams, mythology, cross--cultural datacultural data

Components of the PsycheComponents of the Psyche

Universal themes organized as Universal themes organized as archetypesarchetypes

Universal thought form or predisposition Universal thought form or predisposition to respond to the world in certain waysto respond to the world in certain waysNever fully known, remain unconsciousNever fully known, remain unconscious

Symbolized in myth, dream, artSymbolized in myth, dream, art““Latent potentialLatent potential”” of the psycheof the psycheConnection to greater cosmic processConnection to greater cosmic process

JungJung’’s Archetypess ArchetypesPersonaPersona is the role we play in societyis the role we play in society

““MaskMask”” worn to adjust to societyworn to adjust to societyAssigned rolesAssigned roles

ShadowShadow represents the unsociable, represents the unsociable, taboo, unacceptable thoughtstaboo, unacceptable thoughts

Necessary companion with personaNecessary companion with personaIncomplete without a shadowIncomplete without a shadowPrejudice = projected shadowPrejudice = projected shadow

JungJung’’s Archetypess ArchetypesBecause none of us are wholly male or Because none of us are wholly male or

female, despite our biological genderfemale, despite our biological genderJung believed men and women exhibited Jung believed men and women exhibited fundamental psychological differencesfundamental psychological differencesPraised for valuing connection to otherPraised for valuing connection to other--sex sex characteristics. Butcharacteristics. But……Tenuous balanceTenuous balance

AnimaAnima is the feminine archetypeis the feminine archetypeThe feminine part of the male psycheThe feminine part of the male psycheAbility to enter into relationshipsAbility to enter into relationships

AnimusAnimus is the masculine archetypeis the masculine archetypeThe masculine part of the female psycheThe masculine part of the female psycheRational, analyticalRational, analytical

JungJung’’s Archetypess Archetypes

SelfSelfStriving for unity of the parts of the personalityStriving for unity of the parts of the personalityDirects the orderly distribution of psychic Directs the orderly distribution of psychic energy so all parts of the personality are energy so all parts of the personality are represented appropriatelyrepresented appropriatelyCenter, midpoint, of personalityCenter, midpoint, of personalityDevelopment of the self is lifeDevelopment of the self is life’’s goals goal

Does not fully begin to develop until middle ageDoes not fully begin to develop until middle age

Mandala• Hindu symbol of the universe

• Symbol of the self (recurrent symbol in dreams)

• Striving towards wholeness

JungJung’’s Archetypes in the Worlds Archetypes in the World

Stories, myths, fairy tales provide access Stories, myths, fairy tales provide access to archetypesto archetypes

The BibleThe BibleStar WarsStar WarsHarry PotterHarry PotterLiteratureLiterature

Social destruction of archetypes (i.e. the Social destruction of archetypes (i.e. the great mother in western society) lead to great mother in western society) lead to imbalance imbalance patriarchal societypatriarchal society

JungJung’’s Personality Attitudess Personality Attitudes

ExtraversionExtraversion the psyche oriented the psyche oriented towards the outside worldtowards the outside worldIntroversionIntroversion the the psychepsyche oriented oriented inward towards the subjective worldinward towards the subjective world

JungJung’’s Personality Functionss Personality Functions

SensingSensing gathers information primarily gathers information primarily from the sensesfrom the sensesIntuitingIntuiting gathers information examining gathers information examining relationships from past and futurerelationships from past and future

ThinkingThinking utilizes logic, analytical skillsutilizes logic, analytical skillsFeelingFeeling utilizes values, attitudes, beliefsutilizes values, attitudes, beliefs

JungJung’’s Attitudes and Functions: The s Attitudes and Functions: The MBTI (MyersMBTI (Myers--Briggs Type Indicator)Briggs Type Indicator)

A personality sorting test based on JungA personality sorting test based on Jung’’s s theory of typetheory of typeFunction & Attitude dichotomies Function & Attitude dichotomies Addition of Judging (decision making) vs. Addition of Judging (decision making) vs. Perceiving (information gathering)Perceiving (information gathering)

Leads to the assignment of 16 typesLeads to the assignment of 16 typesFace validFace validHelpful for developing selfHelpful for developing self--awareness and awareness and understandingunderstanding

MBTIMBTI1.1. Given a free evening, I would prefer to:Given a free evening, I would prefer to:

a) Stay home by myselfa) Stay home by myself

b) Go out with other peopleb) Go out with other people

2.2. In gathering information, I am more interested in:In gathering information, I am more interested in:a) Factsa) Factsb) Possibilitiesb) Possibilities

3.3. In making a decision, it is more important for me In making a decision, it is more important for me to:to:

a) Come up with the correct answera) Come up with the correct answerb) Consider the impact of the solutionb) Consider the impact of the solution

4.4. I prefer to do activitiesI prefer to do activitiesa) That have been planned in advancea) That have been planned in advance

b) On the spur of the momentb) On the spur of the moment

I

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JP

MBTI (cont.)MBTI (cont.)

For a complete, more reliable and valid For a complete, more reliable and valid MBTIMBTI--type test:type test:http://http://www.advisorteam.com/temperament_sorter/register.aspwww.advisorteam.com/temperament_sorter/register.asp

JungJung’’s concept of Selfs concept of Self--RealizationRealization

Did not emphasize a stage theory as Did not emphasize a stage theory as did Freuddid FreudWe all experience We all experience ““psychic birthpsychic birth”” in in adolescenceadolescenceSelfSelf--realization is purposeful, realization is purposeful, fatalistic, destinyfatalistic, destinyEverything has a purpose or goal Everything has a purpose or goal that constitutes its essence and that constitutes its essence and suggests its potentialsuggests its potential——a a telostelos

JungJung’’s concept of Selfs concept of Self--RealizationsRealizations

SynchronicitySynchronicity means that everything means that everything is related to everything else in is related to everything else in meaning and timemeaning and timeParticularly psychic states or eventsParticularly psychic states or events

Dream of a friend one night, learn of Dream of a friend one night, learn of their death the next morningtheir death the next morning

Most do not see the Most do not see the interconnectednessinterconnectednessParapsychology attempts to expose Parapsychology attempts to expose synchronicitysynchronicity

Jungian PsychotherapyJungian PsychotherapyJung viewed emotional disturbance as a Jung viewed emotional disturbance as a personperson’’s attempt to reconcile conflicting s attempt to reconcile conflicting aspects of personalityaspects of personalityJung considered neuroses to be the result Jung considered neuroses to be the result of unrealized, underdeveloped, portions of of unrealized, underdeveloped, portions of the personality being expressedthe personality being expressedTherapy is dialecticalTherapy is dialecticalArchetypical images from clientArchetypical images from client’’s past s past projected onto the analystprojected onto the analystNo free associationNo free association——amplificationamplification

Analysis and EvaluationAnalysis and EvaluationPhilosophyPhilosophy

AssumptionsAssumptionsEvaluation (coherence, relevance, Evaluation (coherence, relevance, comprehensiveness, comprehensiveness, compellingnesscompellingness))

ScienceScienceAssumptionsAssumptionsEvaluation (verifiability, prediction, Evaluation (verifiability, prediction, compatibility, simplicity, compatibility, simplicity, usefullnessusefullness))

ApplicationsApplicationsAssessment, Research, Psychotherapy Assessment, Research, Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (Scholarly, Ethical, Curative)Psychotherapy (Scholarly, Ethical, Curative)