analysis and evaluation of frp in caesar ii.pdf

7/25/2019 Analysis and evaluation of FRP in Caesar II.pdf

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Intergraph 2014

Analysis and Evaluation of Fiberglass-

Reinforced Plastic Pipe

Using CAESAR II

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Agenda

! Fiberglass pipe

!

Design using ISO 14692

! Using C2


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How do these materials together

define the Mechanical properties?

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Glassappearance in many ways

! Continuous roving

" Direct

" Assembled

!

Chopped strand mats

! Continuous strand mats

! Woven fabrics

" Unidirectional

" Bi-directional

" Multi-axial

! Knitted

Plain weave

twill weave


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Micro level analysis

! Failure modes to be evaluated:

"

Failure of the fiber" Failure of the coupling agent layer

" Failure of the matrix

" Failure of the fiber-coupling agent bond

" Failure of the coupling agent matrix bond

! Reduced failure mode evaluation (lack of detailed knowledge of 2, 4 and 5)

" Fiber failure

" Matrix failure

" Fiber-matrix interface failure

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Stress level dependent on glass resin ratio

! Maximizing glass- resin ratio is not favorable for loads perpendicular to the glass

! For larger glass resin ratios resin bridges become the weak spot

Transverse resin stress intensity

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Mass fr action glass

Stress

intensity

Transverse resin stress intensity


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Macro level analysis instead of Micro level

! Micro level analysis

"

Feasible in concept" Not feasible in practice since many fibers randomly distributed and oriented

! Mini level analysis.

" Evaluation of individual laminate layers

" Laminate layer is considered a continuum with material properties and failure

modes

" Assessment by averaging over cross-section.

! Macro level analysis. (actual state of the art)

"

Evaluation of components made from multiple laminate layers" Series of layers act as a homogeneous material with estimated properties based

on layer properties and winding angle

" Failure analysis based on equivalent stress

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Hand Lay-up processing technique

Impregnated Reinforcement


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Spray-up processing technique

CATALYST + RESIN

RESIN + ACCELERATOR

GLASS FIBRE

MOULD

ROLLER

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Glass fibres

Filament winding processing technique

Resin

Fillers


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Filament winding in action

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Helical winding processing technique


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Continuous glass fiber strand

Sand

Chopped

roving

Infrared oven

L = 12 m

Continuous filament winding processing

technique

Diameters from 100 through 4000mm

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Continuous filament winding in action


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Before looking at the various design aspectsfirst a little Fiberglass Quiz


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How does typical specific thermal

expansion coefficients compare?

Stainless Steel

Carbon Steel

PVC

Polyethelene

Fiberglass

16.5

11.0

72.0

120.0

?

[m/m/C]

= 50.0 [m/m/C]

= 20.0 [m/m/C]

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How does typical specific thermalexpansion coefficients compare?

Stainless Steel

Carbon Steel

PVC

Polyethelene

Fiberglass

16.5

11.0

72.0

120.0

?

[m/m/C]

= 50.0 [

m/m/

C]

= 20.0 [m/m/C]

CORRECT


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How does the typical (volumetric) Elasticity

of fiberglass compare?

Ductile iron

Steel

PVC

Fiberglass

E [MPa]

E = 20.000 MPa

E = 2.000 MPa

180.000

200.000

3.000

?

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How does the typical (volumetric) Elasticityof fiberglass compare?

E = 20.000 MPa

CORRECT

E = 2.000 MPa

Ductile iron

Steel

PVC

Fiberglass

E [MPa]

180.000

200.000

3.000

?


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What is the GRP required free bend leg

length?

GRP: 7m and 8m

GRP: 5m and 5.5m

! " # $ % & " ' ) & " " * " + ' , " - , " + - . / ) 0 & 1220330'1.%0+ 0) ./" "451+6%0+7

91&13"."&6:! ;+."&+1, 5&"66$&": 1&-7! ?",.1 @"357: A= 0B! C451+'%+- ,"-: D= 3

150mm

200mm

DIAMETER

?

?

GRP STEEL

4m

4.6m

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What is the GRP required free bend leglength?

GRP: 7m and 8m

GRP: 5m and 5.5m

CORRECT

! " # $ % & " ' ) & " " * " + ' , " - , " + - . / ) 0 & 1220330'1.%0+ 0) ./" "451+6%0+7

91&13"."&6:! ;+."&+1, 5&"66$&": 1&-7! ?",.1 @"357: A= 0B! C451+'%+- ,"-: D= 3

150mm

200mm

DIAMETER

?

?

GRP STEEL

4m

4.6m


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What is the typical wave speed in a

Fiberglass pipe?

E

K

t

D

K

a

+

=

1

!

K = fluid modulus of elasticity [Pa]

= fluid density [kg/m3]

D = pipe diameter [mm]

t = pipe wall thickness [mm]

E = pipe modulus of elasticity [Pa]

GRP: 1300 1500m/s

GRP: 300 500m/s

Steel: 1000 - 1400m/s

Intergraph 2014

What is the typical wave speed in aFiberglass pipe?

E

K

t

D

K

a

+

=

1

!

K = fluid modulus of elasticity [Pa]

= fluid density [kg/m3]

D = pipe diameter [mm]

t = pipe wall thickness [mm]

E = pipe modulus of elasticity [Pa]

GRP: 1300 1500m/s

GRP: 300 500m/s

Steel: 1000 - 1400m/s

CORRECT


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Surge/Pressure Effects in GRP pipe in

general are less than in metal pipe

Pressure time history at valve (valve closure time: 2 secs)

STEELFIBERGLASS

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How does the effective material wallroughness of fiberglass compare?

![mm]

!= 0.001 mm

!= 0.05 mm

Ductile iron

Steel

PVC

Fiberglass

0.03-0.1

0.1-0.3

0.05

?


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How does the effective material wall

roughness of fiberglass compare?

!= 0.001 mm

!= 0.05 mm

CORRECT

![mm]

Ductile iron

Steel

PVC

Fiberglass

0.03-0.1

0.1-0.3

0.05

?

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How large is the effective material axialstrain due to internal pressure ?

!= 0.015 %

!= 0.15 %

![mm]

Ductile iron

Steel

Fiberglass

0.005-0.01

0.005-0.01

?


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How large is the typical material axial strain

due to internal pressure ?

!= 0.015 %

!= 0.15 %

CORRECT

For "a= 18 MPa !"# %&'%())) # )*%+,For #T = 75C= !T= 20 * 75 * 10

-6= 0.15 %

![mm]

Ductile iron

Steel

Fiberglass

0.005-0.01

0.005-0.01

?

Intergraph 2014

Agenda

! Fiberglass pipe

!

Design using ISO 14692

! Using C2


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ISO 14692 part 2 requires qualification

of pipe and components

Small bore products (typically pipe):

! Long term regression test (ASTM D 2992)

! Delivers long-term strength

! Takes approximately two years

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Example of a burst test


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101Time (hours)

log

(pressure)

102 103 104 105

Qualification of GRP ASTM D 2992

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Failure

Time (hours)

log

(pressure)

101 102 103 104 105



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Failure

Failure

Time (hours)

log

(pressure)

101 102 103 104 105


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Time (hours)

log

(pressure)

101 102 103 104 105



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LCL

LTHP

Time (hours)

log

(pressure)

101 102 103 104 105


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Relation between long-term strength of

piping and piping loads

PIPING LOADSLONG-TERM STRENGTH

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GRP-pipe systems often fail due to poor orno engineering

! ./012 34 533"

" 633" 7+,8 790": ; ?:3>:=4< 0; ;0>"2: 0@ A04AB>C:4:@=012 D04:A=03@8

" ./012 7E+,8 790": ; ?:3>:=4< 0; A3>"2:/ 0@ 1/012 D04:A=03@8

! F5:@

" G>122 "14= 7H+,8 3C =5: C102B4:; 3AAB4; DB40@? 0@;=1221=03@ 34 3":41=03@

" I3;= 3C =5: C102B4:; 3AAB4 DB40@? 5


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Axially Overloaded pipe failureAlso small bore can cause a lot of collateral damage

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Axial tensile failure at reducer


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Typical failures adjacent to bend

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Failure in Pipe Adjacent to bend not in bend


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Large tee failure during pressure testing

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Axially Overloaded joint failureWith large consequential damage due to waterhammer


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Hoop Stress

AxialStress

2:1 load condition

Construct a design envelope to assess pipe

stresses against

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Effect of winding angle (netting theory

!= 55: $hoop:$axial= 2:1

!= 63: $hoop:$axial= 4:1

!= 73: $hoop:$axial= 10:1


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Hoop Stress

AxialStress

2:1 load condition


stresses against

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Long-term envelope

Hoop stress

Axialstress

Construct a design envelope to assess pipestresses against


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2:1 load condition

Long-term envelope

ASTM D 2992-96

FPIAD,Wavistrongserie EST,ID 150mmpipe PL/PL,65C,pressure, TUV

10,0

100,0

1000,0

1 ,0 0E +0 0 1 ,0 0E +0 1 1 ,0 0E +0 2 1 ,0 0E +0 3 1 ,0 0E +0 4 1 ,0 0E +0 5 1 ,0 0E +0 6

time (hrs)

pressure

(barg)

M ea n L CL L PL D at a

Hoop stress

Axialstres

s

"qs


stresses against

Intergraph 2014

2:1 load condition


ASTM D 2992-96

FPIAD,Wavistrongserie EST,ID 150mmpipe PL/PL,65C,pressure, TUV

10,0

100,0

1000,0

1 ,0 0E +0 0 1 ,0 0E +0 1 1 ,0 0E +0 2 1 ,0 0E +0 3 1 ,0 0E +0 4 1 ,0 0E +0 5 1 ,0 0E +0 6

time (hrs)

pressure(barg)

M ea n L CL L PL D at a

Hoop stress

Axialstress

f2= 0.67

Design envelope

"qs

Long-term envelope


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Several f2 safety factor values to create

different design envelopes

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2:1 load condition

Hoop stress

Axialstress

f2= 0.67

Design envelope



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2:1 load condition

Hoop stress

Axialstress

"

axial,pressure

"hoop, pressure f2= 0.67

Internal Pressure"

Design envelope


stresses against

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2:1 load condition

BendingX

Hoop stress

Axialstress

"axial, bending

f2= 0.67

Internal Pressure"

"axial,pressure

"hoop, pressure

Design envelope



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2:1 load condition

BendingXHoop stress

Axialstress

f2= 0.67

Internal Pressure"

Increase wall

thickness!

"axial, bending

"

axial,pressure

"hoop, pressure

Design envelope


stresses against

Intergraph 2014

"axial,pressure

Hoop stress

Axialstress

"hoop, pressure f3

2:1 load condition

f2= 0.67

Internal Pressure"

Design envelope



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"axial, bending

Bending

"

Hoop stress

Axialstress

2:1 load condition

f2= 0.67

Internal Pressure"

"axia

l,pressure

"hoop, pressure f3


stresses against

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Result: ISO 14692 design envelop thatis producer and pipe specific


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Agenda

! Fiberglass pipe

! Design using ISO 14692

! Using C2

Intergraph 2014

Configuration Options C2 for FRP

!"#$%&' )&'*+, -./0 & ,*##'$+.1

3&45678889:&

3;4687

3;3& ?;&48=@A B:/$,,/C D&E$/F

G+C,$E"45A


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Select FRP material while building your

model

Activates Orthotropic material

model of C2

Requires several parameters

for axial and hoop direction

! Elastic Modulus

! Poisson Ratio

! Shear modulus

Be careful with diameters and

wallthicknesses

Use Fitting data from supplier

to ensure the right laminate

thickness is entered

everywhere

Intergraph 2014

Check the special execution parameters


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Setting up the Design Envelope using values

provided by supplier

al (0:1)

al (2:1)

hl (2:1)

Run and evaluate the results is similar to steel

except the stresses are evaluated per direction

T +31 79 361 5150

F +31 79 361 5149

E [email protected]

Wwww.dynaflow.com

Houtsingel 95

2719 EB Zoetermeer

The Netherlands

Reg nr. 27320315

analysis and evaluation of frp in caesar ii.pdf

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