an overview of the hurricane imaging radiometer (hirad) robbie hood, ruba amarin, robert atlas, m.c....
TRANSCRIPT
An Overview of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD)
Robbie Hood, Ruba Amarin, Robert Atlas, M.C. Bailey, Peter Black, Courtney Buckley, Shuyi Chen, Roger DeRoo, Salem El-Nimri,
Steve Gross, Christopher Hennon, Glenn Hopkins, Mark James, James Johnson, Linwood Jones, Frank LaFontaine, Timothy Miller,
Christopher Ruf, David Simmons, Eric Uhlhorn, and Joe Cione
Team Roles
• NASA PI – Robbie Hood NOAA PI – Eric Uhlhorn
• Technical Advisory Committee – Joe Cione, Marty Kress, Joe Casas, Mark Boudreaux
• Engineering Partners – M.C. Bailey, Roger DeRoo, Steve Gross, Mark James, James Johnson, Linwood Jones, Christopher Ruf, and David Simmons
• Science Partners - Ruba Amarin, Robert Atlas, Peter Black, Courtney Buckley, Shuyi Chen, Salem El-Nimri, Christopher Hennon, James Johnson, Linwood Jones, Frank LaFontaine, Timothy Miller, Christopher Ruf
Technology Transfer Operational Reconnaissance Hurricane Aircraft (optional)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Demonstration (optional)
Technology Brassboard Demonstration in Laboratory
Satellite Demonstration of Improved Hurricane Ocean Surface Vector Winds and Rain Rate
HIRAD Technology Investment Roadmap
Aircraft Demonstration
Overview
Univ. of Michigan
Univ. of Alabama/Huntsville
Univ. of Central Florida
NASA
NOAA
HIRAD Design Team
C-band (4-7 GHz) frequencies
Synthetic thinned array radiometer (STAR)
Pushbroom imager
Single polarization for ocean wind speed
Dual polarization for ocean vector wind
HIRAD Development Timeline
HIRAD Description
Sensitivity of WindSat 6.8 GHz
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
H*Wind (m/s)
6.8
GH
z H
-pol
Em
issi
vity
Surface Emissivity vs. Ground Truth Wind Speed
Based on 2006 H*Wind analysis of Hurricanes Dennis, Katrina, Rita
Technical Overview
Utilization of NASA Earth Science Office Technologies
•Synthetic thinned aperture radiometer•Digital correlation in field programmable gate array•Radio Frequency Interference mitigation•Sensor Web information technology Engineering concept
with aircraft fixtures
Sideview of antenna element
HURRICANE FRANCIS NATURE RUN
=20 mm/hr
With SFMR With HIRAD (11 km)
Double-headed arrow indicates HIRAD swath width
Observing Systems Simulation Experiment
Results presented by Tim Miller at AMS Annual Meeting (Jan 08) and AMS Hurricane Conference (Apr 08)
SIMULATED DATA FROM NATURE RUN
Observation Simulated Comment
QuikSCAT
SFMR (aircraft ocean surface winds sensor)
Winds along ground track; no cross-track structure
Flight level winds Not used
Dropsonde windsDrops in eyewall and at storm center from aircraft
Airborne Doppler Radar
Future work
GOES cloud windsUsing actual data for location (relative to storm center), nature run data plus error for wind values
Buoys, ships, coastal sensors
HIRAD 3 aircraft altitudes, satellite
Aircraft OSSE using H*Wind
109 117 121
82 109125
Nature Run in H*Wind Simulated without HIRAD
Simulated with HIRAD at 3 km Simulated with HIRAD at 20 km
Satellite OSSE using H*Wind
109 117 121
82 109125
Nature Run in H*Wind Simulated without HIRAD
Simulated with HIRAD at 350 km
Preliminary Mission Study
Performance Characteristics for HIRAD
Example of sensor swath coverage of an Atlantic hurricane (yellow symbol) over a typical 24-hour period. XOVWM swath is red and HIRAD swath is blue.
CHARACTERISTIC
frequency (GHz) 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7altitude (km)# of STAR sub-arrays# of synthesized baselines
Receiver Design bandwidth (MHz) 85 60 60 150 85 60 60 150
Nadir(km)(geometric mean of principle plane) 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.5 7.7 6.1 5.1 4.430 deg cross track off-nadir (km) 3.4 2.7 2.3 2.0 10.0 8.0 6.6 5.760 deg cross track off-nadir (km) 9.9 8.0 6.7 5.8 28.0 22.4 18.6 16.1
Brightness NEDT (K) (assuming 290K scene brightness) 0.19 0.25 0.27 0.22 0.90 1.27 1.53 1.09
SPACECRAFT (5m aperture)AIRCRAFT (1m aperture)
20 350System Design
Spatial Resolution
2520836
10
Potential Benefits
• Imagery– Wind Speeds (10 – 85 m/s or greater)– Rainrate (0-50 mm/hr or greater)– All weather sea surface temperatures
• Aircraft– Suitable for multiple aircraft– Improved spatial coverage
• Satellite– Developing consistent record of hurricane intensity for future climate
monitoring– Expanding information available to developing countries with limited
observational assets