an introduction to solar cells hanne lauritzen, danish technological institute n what is a solar...
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An introduction to solar cellsHanne Lauritzen, Danish Technological Institute
What is a solar cell?
A brief description of the working principle
Applications
Grid-connected installations
Energy production
Wafer-based solar cells vs. thin film cells
Semitransparent panels
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A solar cell is a device that converts light energy to electrical energy
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A solar cell is a device that converts light energy to electrical energy . . .
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Rules of thumb: 1 m2 ~ 100 Wp ~ 9 kWh/year
Typical one-family house installation: 2-5 kW or 20 – 50 m2
Pay-back time: 4 - 5 years for energyca. 30 years for investment
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Large area
South-facing
No shadows
Tilted
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How to evaluate the energy production?
Depends on the local weather conditions, the orientation, the temperature, eventual shading …….
energy input
energy outputT = 25OC
1000 W/m2
to be measured
Nominal power – energy output under standardized conditions,1000 W/m2, 25OC, AM 1.5 – Watt peak, WpEfficiency = Energy output / Energy input
1000 W/m2 x area
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10 %100 Wp
10 %50 Wp
20 %100 Wp
The nominal effect Wp allows you to compare the energy output from various panels
The efficiency allows you to compare the energy output per area
- but how do we compare with other energy sources?
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How to compare with other energy sources?
Price per kWh
annual production, cost of installation, expected life time for installation
local weather conditions, the orientation, the efficiency of the panel
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PRODUCT LIGHT ENERGYPRODUCTION PRICE
åbningsgrad per panel per area per energy per area
(%) (kWh/year) (kWh/year.m2) (DKK/Wp) (DKK/m2)
MSK Si, amorf 10 30 30 550 200
Si, amorf 5 35 35 500 200
Schott Solar Si, amorf 10 20 30 300 100
GSK Si, amorf 20 30 15 350 75
Würth Solar
CIS 10 45 60 200 150
CIS 40 30 40 300 150
CIS 50 25 35 350 150
PhotoSolar Si, amorf 19 50 26 250 145
Gaia/IdealCombi Si, multi ? ? ? ? ?
REF., ENERGY Si, multi 0 105 105 100 100
REF., LIGHT Si, multi 49 50 40 250 100
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Crystalline silicon solar cells made from wafers
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”The black diamond”
Efficiency: 20 %
Efficiency: 0 %
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energy input
energy outputT = 25OC
1000 W/m2 x area of cell
0,01 W
Efficiency = Energy output / Energy input
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Efficiency of unit producing 0.01 W energy, input energy 1000 W/m2
Area: 10 cm x 10 cm = 100 cm2
Energy input: 1000 W/m2 x 100 cm2 = 0.1 W
Efficiency: 0.1 W / 0.01 W = 10 %
Area: 100cm2 – 64 x 0.25 cm2 = 84 cm2
Energy input: 1000 W/m2 x 84 cm2 = 0.084 W
Efficiency: 0.01 W / 0.084 W = 12 %
Efficiency of the unit
Efficiency of the active area
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CIGS products from Würth Solar- uniform dark grey appearance
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Nnnnnnnnnnnnnn
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Great Cell - Australien
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www.orgionenergy.com.au/sliver
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