an introduction to social capital
TRANSCRIPT
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An Introduction to Social
Capital
The Center for Social Capital
www.centerforsocialcapi tal .org
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Robert Putnam defines SocialCapital as the social networksand the norms of
trustworthiness and reciprocity
that arise from them.
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Social Capital Focuses on:
Who knows Whom (Social Networks)
The Character of these Networks
The Strength of our Ties
Levels of Trust
Levels of Reciprocity
Knack, S. (2001); Sander & Lowney, (2006)
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Social Networks Matter:
Thick Trust: where trust extends only toknown fr iends & associates
Thin Trust: where trust extends to
include total strangers
Knack, S. (2001); Sander & Lowney, (2006)
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Trust Growing Elements:
Repeated exposure & shared spaces
Honesty in Communications
Follow-Through on Commitments
Consistency in Behavior
Knack, S. (2001); Sander & Lowney, (2006);
Griffin-Hammis Associates
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Types of Social Capital: Public-Regard: we are tied to formal
groups (City Council ; PTA; People
F irst; Kiwanis)
Private Regard: we are tied to informal
groups (Church; Softbal l team;
Neighborhood Watch)
Formal vs. I nformal (Bylaws &Committees vs. Social/I nterest/H obby
relationships)
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
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Types of Social Capital: Bridging: Social ties that attempt to cut
across differences including Race,
Gender, Disability, Class, Religion
Bonding: L inks people together l ike
themselves (special interest groups,
neighborhood associations, hobby
clubs)
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
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Intensity of Social Capital:
Strong: Someone with whom you might
share intimate or ser ious issues
Weak: More episodic and casual Example: You share stronger ties with
your doctor and weaker ties with
volunteers cooking at the pancake
breakfast
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
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Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Bridging
&
Bonding
Public &
Private
Regard
Formal &
Informal
Thick &
Thin Trust
Strong &
Weak Ties
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Intensity of Social Capital:
Stronger ties are useful for creating
social support and sustained efforts;
Weaker ties are more useful fornetworking and job searches
Wuthnow, 1998; Sander & Lowney; Griffin-
Hammis Associates
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Goal of Social Capital:
Raising Social Capital to improve onesstanding in a community (e.g. using
bridging capital to increase awareness ofdisabil i ty access issues in a community)
Targeted at Specif ic Problem-Solving
(e.g. using bonding capital to connect a
job seeker with someone wi th simi larcareer goals)
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
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Getting Others Interested & Involved :
Appeal to peoples motivations (sharedpersonal & professional interests and self -
interest, hobbies, aff i l iation needs) Avoid yet another meeting or commi ttee
approach
Appeal to their civic pr ide
Make the task appear reasonable
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
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Getting Others Interested & Involved :
Very Small Group or One-to-One Start-up
conversations and recruitment
Set a clear outcome Satisfy peoples motivators
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
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Disability Issues:
Employment
Health Improvement
Home Ownership Isolation
Asset Accumulation
Transportation.
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
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Systemic & Organizational Issues:
Changing
Outdated policy and practice
Turnover Funding
Disconnected Personnel.
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
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Project Ideas:
Establish a M icroloan Fund
Establish Car Pools
Peer-Mentored After School & SummerJobs/Businesses
Address Stereotyping by local media
Address local restaurant Barr iers
Connect People to Specif ic Social Activities
as Individuals.
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight