an introduction to openness in education
TRANSCRIPT
An introduction to openness in education
Fabio NascimbeniUNIR
Content
1. Openness in education2. OER3. MOOCs4. Examples of Open Education Practices5. Spain and Latin America6. A glance on the future
1. Openness in education
• Alternative copyright Licensing
• A range of financial models
• Affordances of the Internet
• Change in philosophy
Social Technical
LegalFinancial
What has enabled Open Education?
The range of "Open"
eInfranet Report – FP7
Correspondence courses, Distance
Universities
open content (1998)
1st cMOOC (2008)
Open Universities (OUUK, OUNL, UOC…)
Increasing number of Open Access papers & journals
UK Finch report
1st EU MOOC platform
1985 1990-2000 2001-2002 2006-2011 2012 2013
OU
OER
OA
MOOCs
History of Open Education
1960's–1970's19th century
Alternative & Progressive education
Computer Assisted Instruction (1970)
Budapest Open Access Initiative
Non mainstreameducation
Digital learning
resources
FreeSoftware
/GNU
Creative Commons
(2002)
Open Classrooms/Ed
ucation
MIT OCW (2001)
OER Def. (UNESCO
2002) O
ER u
nive
risty
1st Stanford xMOOC (2011)
Certi
ficati
on
Voukkari 2013
2. OER
Open Educational Resources“...educational materials and resources
offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some license to re-mix, improve and redistribute.”
Atkins et al. 2007; OECD & CERI 2007 or Cape Town Declaration, 2007 or UNESCO and COL 2011.
• Make and own copiesRetain• Use in a wide range of
waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and
improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
OER example: Open Textbooks
• Copy & paste, annotate, highlight √• Text to speech or hyperlink √• Format change √• Move material to other computer √• Print out √• Move geographically √• No expiry date √• Reuse/Remix/Mash √• Retain privacy and digital rights √√
Mc Greal 2014
Alternative copyright Licensing
3. MOOCs
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
• According to Oxford Dictionary, a MOOC is a course of study made available over the Internet without charge to a very large number of people
• MOOCs are appealing to the masses• Can bring a global perspective
Bonvillian, W., & Singer, S. (2013). The Online Challenge to Higher Education. Issues in Science and Technology. P. 23 – 30.
High profile MOOCs
https://wikipedia.org
Plourde, M.. Mathplourde on Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mathplourde/8620174342/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Debate on MOOCs
4. EXAMPLES OF OPEN EDUCATION PRACTICES
YouTube (with CC licensing)
5. Spain and Latin America
Villar-Onrubia, Daniel, Assessing Awareness on Open Education by Means of Online Research Tools (June 17, 2012). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2085585 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2085585
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
The language gap is a significant obstacle. Yet even if OER is translated to the local language an adaptation would still be needed.
Contextualization of resources presents significant obstacles, where local content development is crucial.
“The simple existence of free and open material is necessary but
not sufficient for wide scale
adoption and use”
Source: Oportunidad project, 2013
A glance on the future…
The future…
• Challenging traditional institutions
• New business models emerging
• Need for appropriate pedagogies
• Disaggregation of education– High quality resources– Learning pathways– Support– Accreditation
Source: Coole, 2013
https://oerknowledgecloud.com/
www.emundusatlas.org