The BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Series

Michael R. Neuman, Series Editor

AN INTRODUCTION

TO BIOMATERIALSSecond Edition

Edited by

Jeffrey O. Hollinger

CRC PressTaylor & Francis CroupBoca Raton London NewYork

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Croup, an Informa business

Contents

Preface ix

Editor xiii

Contributors xv

Chapter 1 Consensus Definitions, Fundamental Concepts, and a Standardized Approachto Applied Biomaterials Sciences 1

Jeffrey 0. Hollinger

SECTION I Biology, Biomechanics, Biomaterial Interactions:

Wound Healing Biology

Chapter 2 Cutaneous Wound Pathobiology: Raison d'etre for Tissue Engineering 7

Lauren K. Maori and RichardA. F. Clark

Chapter 3 Osseous Wound Healing 23

Ayesha Nawab, Mark Wong, Daniel Kwak, Lyndsey Schutte, Aditi Sharma,

and Jeffrey 0. Hollinger

SECTION I Biology, Biomechanics, Biomaterial Interactions:

Cellular Mechanics

Chapter 4 Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology 43

Wei-hui Guo, Pedro Alvarez-Urena, and Yu-li Wang

SECTION I Biology, Biomechanics, Biomaterial Interactions:

Materials-Host Interactions

Chapter 5 Cell-Material Interactions: Fundamental Design Issues for

Tissue Engineering and Clinical Considerations 57

Gregory M. Harbers and David W. Grainger

Chapter 6 Host Response to Biomaterials 91

Dolly J. Holt and David W. Grainger

Chapter 7 Protein Adsorption at the Biomaterial-Tissue Interface 119

Philip LeDuc, Lina Gonzalez, Britta M. Rauck, and Yadong Wang

v

vr Contents

SECTION II Biomaterials Testing, Statistics, RegulatoryConsiderations, Intellectual Property:Standardized Materials Testing

Chapter 8 In Vitro Testing of Biomaterials 137

Jinku Kim, Abimman Srinivasctn,

and Jeffrey 0. Hollinger

Chapter 9 Assessment ofBiomaterials: Standardized In Vivo Testing 157

Vivek P. Raut, Thomas E. Patterson, Joseph C. Wenke,

Jeffrey 0. Hollinger, and George F. Muschler

SECTION II Biomaterials Testing, Statistics, RegulatoryConsiderations, Intellectual Property: Statistics

Chapter 10 Basic Principles of Statistics: Considerations for Biomaterials Engineers 175

Robert T. Rubin, Jessica McKlveen,

Amanda S. Fultz, and Michael E. Rhodes

Chapter 11 Therapy Development, Animal Testing, and Regulatory Issues 191

Charles E. Hart, Mark Citron, Andrea

Loewen-Rodriguez, and Jeffrey O. Hollinger

Chapter 12 Fundamentals of Patenting for the Biomaterials Scientist 207

Earl M. Douglas

SECTION III Biomaterials Compositions

Chapter 13 Proteins and Amino Acid-Derived Polymers 227

Joshua C. Haarer, Beau D. Inskeep, and Kay C. Dee

Chapter 14 Three-Dimensional Fibrin Constructs in Tissue Engineering 249

Bill Tawil and B. Wu

Chapter 15 The Poly(a-esters) 263

Dennis D. Jamiolkowski and Edward J, Dormier

Chapter 16 Biomedical Polyurethanes 281

Michael Szycher

Contents vii

Chapter 17 Polymers Derived from L-Tyrosine 301

Joachim Kohn, Aniq Darr, and Jaap Schut

Chapter 18 Poly(Propylene Fumarate) 317

Xinfeng Shi, Allan Henslee, Diana Yoon,

F. Kurtis Kasper, and Antonios G. Mikos

Chapter 19 Hyaluronan 331

John H. Brekke, Gregory E. Rutkowski,

and Kipling Thacker

Chapter 20 Complex Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Alginate 359

Frank Rauh, Michael Domish, Reva Street, and Aran R. Shrivats

Chapter 21 Collagen: A Natural Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering 379

A. Hari Reddi and Pedro Alvarez-Urena

Chapter 22 Polyphosphazenes 385

Lakshmi S. Nair, YusufM. Khan, and Cato T. Laurencin

Chapter 23 Biologically Active Glasses 401

HodaM. Elgendy, Dennis E. Curtin, and Ahmed El-Ghannam

Chapter 24 Silk-Based Biomaterials: Biology, Properties, and Clinical Applications 421

Guokui Qin and David L. Kaplan

Chapter 25 Calcium-Based Bioceramics: Biology, Properties, and Clinical Applications 433

Stefanie Crumlett, Brian Singleton, Sunho Oh, and Joo L. Ong

SECTION IV Biomaterials Applications

Chapter 26 Tissue Engineering of Skin 447

Heather M. Powell and Steven T. Boyce

Chapter 27 Polymeric Biomaterials for Drug and Nucleic Acid Delivery 461

Yihua Loo and Kam W. Leong

Chapter 28 Orthopedic Prostheses and Joint Implants 487

Shanfeng Wang, Lichun Lu, Bradford L. Currier, and Michael J. Yaszemski

viii Contents

Chapter 29 Bone and Biomaterials 509

Syam P. Nukavarapu, James S. Wallace, Hoda M. Elgendy,

Jay R. Lieberman, and Cato T. Laurencin

Chapter 30 Functional Regeneration of Synovial Joints In Vivo: The Role of

Biomaterials and Scaffold Design 529

Chang Hun Lee and Jeremy J. Mao

Chapter 31 Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials, and the Nervous System 543

Lauren E. Kokai, Lizzie Y. Santiago, and Kacey G. Marra

Chapter 32 Ligaments, Biomaterials, and Tissue-Engineering Opportunities 565

Joseph Freeman, Valerie I. Walters, and Albert L. Kwansa

Chapter 33 Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials 583

Priya R. Baraniak and William R. Wagner

Index 613