an inquiry into the nature ands causes of the wealth of ... · pdf filesmith, adam. an inquiry...
TRANSCRIPT
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
page 1 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
ANINQUIRY
INTO THE
NATURE AND CAUSESOF THE
WEALTH OF NATIONS Books I, II, III, IV and V
Adam Smith
pxLibri
qy
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
page 2 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
Copyright 2007 Librithis digital edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
No part of this digital edition may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, eletronic, mech-anical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior con-sent of the copyright holder.
Librihttp://metalibri.incubadora.fapesp.br
Amsterdam Lausanne MelbourneMilan New York So Paulo
29th May 2007
http://metalibri.incubadora.fapesp.br
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
NationsEditorial Note
page 3 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
EDITORIAL NOTE
IN this edition references are made to corresponding pages ofthe best modern edition of the Wealth of Nations: the secondvolume of The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspond-ence of Adam Smith [1]. These references are printed as mar-gin notes. For example, G.ed.p26 means page 26 of the Glas-gow Edition.
Smiths own footnotes are marked with [Smith] in boldface just before the footnote. Paragraph number are printedinside brackets on the left margin and the numbering restartsat the beginning of every section.
References to this edition can be made in this way:
Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature andCauses of the Wealth of Nations. Edited byS. M. Soares. MetaLibri Digital Library, 29th May2007.
SLVIO MARCELO SOARESLausanne, 29th May 2007
mailto:[email protected]
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 4 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
CONTENTS
Editorial Note iii
Advertisement to the Third Edition 13
Advertisement to the Fourth Edition 14
Introduction and Plan of the Work 15
BOOK IOf The Causes of Improvement in the ProductivePowers of Labour, and of the Order According towhich Its Produce Is Naturally DistributedAmong the Different Ranks of the People 19
CHAPTER IOf the Division of Labour 20
CHAPTER IIOf the Principle which gives occasion to the Division ofLabour 31
CHAPTER IIIThat the Division of Labour is limited by the Extent ofthe Market 36
CHAPTER IVOf the Origin and Use of Money 42
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 5 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
CHAPTER VOf the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities, or theirPrice in Labour, and their Price in Money 51
CHAPTER VIOf the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities 72
CHAPTER VIIOf the Natural and Market Price of Commodities 82
CHAPTER VIIIOf the Wages of Labour 94
CHAPTER IXOf the Profits of Stock 123
CHAPTER XOf Wages and Profit in the different Employments ofLabour and Stock 137
Part I. Inequalities arising from the Nature of theEmployments themselves 138
Part II. Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe 162
CHAPTER XIOf the Rent of Land 194
Part I. Of the Produce of Land which always affordsRent 197
Part II. Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does,and sometimes does not, afford Rent 216
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 6 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
Part III. Of the Variations in the Proportion betweenthe respective Values of that Sort of Produce whichalways affords Rent, and of that which sometimes doesand sometimes does not afford Rent 233
Digression concerning the Variations in the Value ofSilver during the Course of the Four last Centuries 236
FIRST PERIOD 236SECOND PERIOD 254THIRD PERIOD 255Variations in the Proportion between the respective Valuesof Gold and Silver 277Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver stillcontinues to decrease 284Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon thereal price of three different Sorts of rude Produce 285
First Sort 286Second Sort 288Third Sort 300
Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations inthe Value of Silver 313
Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the realPrice of Manufactures 320
CONCLUSION of the CHAPTER 326
BOOK IIOf the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment ofStock 343
Introduction 344
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 7 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
CHAPTER IOf the Division of Stock 347
CHAPTER IIOf Money considered as a particular Branch of thegeneral Stock of the Society, or of the Expense ofmaintaining the National Capital 357
CHAPTER IIIOf the Accumulation of Capital, or of Productive andUnproductive Labour 416
CHAPTER IVOf Stock Lent at Interest 441
CHAPTER VOf the Different Employment of Capitals 452
BOOK IIIOf the different Progress of Opulence in differentNations 473
CHAPTER IOf the natural Progress of Opulence 474
CHAPTER IIOf the Discouragement of Agriculture in the ancientState of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire 481
CHAPTER IIIOf the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns after theFall of the Roman Empire 496
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 8 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
CHAPTER IVHow the Commerce of the Towns Contributed to theImprovement of the Country 510
BOOK IVOf Systems of political conomy 527
Introduction 528
CHAPTER IOf the Principle of the commercial, or mercantileSystem 529
CHAPTER IIOf Restraints upon the Importation from ForeignCountries of such Goods as can be produced at Home 558
CHAPTER IIIOf the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importationof Goods of almost all Kinds from those Countries withwhich the Balance is supposed to be disadvantageous 584
Part I. Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraintseven upon the Principles of the Commercial System 584
Digression concerning Banks of Deposit, particularlyconcerning that of Amsterdam 592
Part II. Of the Unreasonableness of thoseextraordinary Restraints upon other Principles 605
CHAPTER IVOf Drawbacks 619
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 9 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
CHAPTER VOf Bounties 626
Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws 649
CHAPTER VIOf Treaties of Commerce 675
CHAPTER VIIOf Colonies 690
Part First. Of the Motives for establishing newColonies 690
Part Second. Causes of Prosperity of New Colonies 702Part Third. Of the Advantages which Europe hasderived from the Discovery of America, and from that ofa Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope 735
CHAPTER VIIIConclusion of the Mercantile System 802
CHAPTER IXOf the Agricultural Systems, or of those Systems ofPolitical Economy which represent the Produce of Landas either the sole or the principal Source of theRevenue and Wealth every Country 828
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 10 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
BOOK VOf the Revenue of the Sovereign orCommonwealth 862
CHAPTER IOf the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth 863
Part Third. Of the Expense of Defence 863Part Third. Of the Expense of Justice 885Part Third. Of the Expense of Public Works andPublic Institutions 901
Article I. Of the Public Works and Institutions forfacilitating the Commerce of the Society 902
And, first, of those which are necessary for facilitatingCommerce in general 902Of the Public Works and Institutions which are necessaryfor facilitating particular Branches of Commerce 913
Article II. Of the Expense of the Institutions for theEducation of Youth 947Article III. Of the Expense of the Institutions for theInstruction of People of all Ages 980
Part Third. Of the Expense of Supporting the Dignityof the Sovereign 1016
Conclusion of the chapter 1017
CHAPTER IIOf the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of theSociety 1020
Part Third. Of the Funds or Sources of Revenuewhich may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign orCommonwealth 1020
&' i j
QUITCLOSE
FULLSCREEN
F F
ADAM SMITHThe Wealth of
Nations
CONTENTSpage 11 of 1204
SEARCH
TOC
BOOKMARKS
Part Third. Of Taxes 1031Article I. Taxes upon Rent 1035
Taxes upon the Rent of Land 1035Taxes which are proportioned, not to the Rent, but to theProduce of Land 1046Taxes upon the Rent of Houses 1051
Article II. Taxes upon Profit, or upon the Revenue arisingfrom Stock 1061
Taxes upon as Profit of particular Employments 1068Appendix to Articles I and II. Taxes upon the CapitalValue of Land, Houses, and Stock 1076Article . Taxes upon the Wages of Labour 1084Article . Taxes which, it is intended, should fallindifferently upon every different Species of Revenue 1088
Captalization Taxes 1088Taxes upon consumable Commodities 1091
CHAPTER IIIOf Public Debts