an fso-fpso providers view on station keeping options

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An FSO/FPSO Providers ViewAn FSO/FPSO Providers Viewonon

Station Keeping OptionsStation Keeping Options

FPSO Design Conference 2007FPSO Design Conference 2007

BeijingBeijing

March 2007March 2007

Poul Erik ChristiansenPoul Erik Christiansen

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Scope of PresentationScope of Presentation

Brief Introduction to MISCStation Keeping Optionswith Focus on South China Sea

Design Features and ConsiderationsCase Examples (Moored Options)Operational Feed BackDynamically PositioningCAPEX and OPEX EconomicsKey Findings / Conclusions

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Who is MISC ?

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MISC’s Fleets

Description Current Average Contracted/ Totalas at Feb 07 Age (yrs) New builds

• LNG CARRIERS 21 10.0 8 29

• PETROLEUM TANKERS 49 55- VLCCs 7 1.6 5- Aframax Crude Tankers 37 7.5 1- Panamax Crude Tankers 1 5.0 -

• CHEMICAL TANKERS 18 9.9 - 18

• BULK CARRIERS 2 3.5 - 2

• CONTAINERSHIPS 20 8.0 2 22

• FPSO / FSO 5 1 3 8

Total 112 7.7 19 131

Pool of Tankers (>50 tankers) for potential Conversion

to FSO / FPSO’s

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Business Set-upManagement ApprovalVision & Mission SettingTeam Formation

FSO Caspian Sea FPSO B.Kertas

Capability BuildingCorporate AlignmentOrganisational BuildingDevelop Partnership

FSO AngsiFPSO KikehFSO CendorFPSO BaramFSO Abu Cluster

Yr 2002 to 2004 Yr 2005 to 2008

Resilient & Capability Building

Development of MISC OBU

Regional/International MarketingLeverage with International BusinessNiche-Technology/CapabilityConsortium/PartnershipLocal Shallow/DeepwaterRegional DeepwaterSouth Africa/America Deepwater

Growth

Yr 2008 onwards

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MISC FPSO/FSOs in Malaysia PSC’sCan San

Island

Vietnam

Malaysia

Indonesia

PhilippinesThailand

Myanmar

Cambodia

Laos

SouthChina Sea

AndamanSea

Hindi Ocean

Singapore

Kuala Lumpur

Hanoi

Brunei

KualaTerengganu

KenyirDam

Kerteh

KotaBharu

Ipoh

Taiping

Alor Setar

Satun

Pattani

Narathiwat

Songkhla

Thale LuangLake

Noi Lake

GeorgeTown

P. Redang

P. Perhentian

P. Bidong

PM-303(Shell)

PM-306(Carigali)

PM-307(Carigali)

PM-311(Murphy)

PM-302(Mutiara)

PM-301(Mutiara)

A18 (CTOC)C19 (CPOC)

B17(CPOC)

PM-312(Murphy)

PM-309(Open)

PM-8 PSC(Open)

PM-12(Carigali)

BONGKOT

TAPI

MALISENJA

TON SAK

MORAGOT

MUDA

AMARITJENGKA

BUMISURYA

ULARGAJAH

BULAN

B’GADING

DAMARLAWIT

BINTANG

NORING

KUDA

BEDONG

JERNEH

SEPAT

INASTUJOH

DULANG

RESAK

MERANTI

SEMANGKOK

KETUMBARIRONG

TEMBIKAI

CENDOR

NW. BESAR

BUNDI

LARUT

PIATU MESAH

LAHO

MELOR

BUJANG

TANGGA

BINDU

N. LUKUT

PENARAABU

BUBU

BELUMUT

PETAC’NGAT

LEREK

PANTAI

LANGATRAYA

SERUDONLABA B.

SEROKTELOK

TABUGUNTONG

PALAS

TAPISBEKOK

DUYONG

OPHIRLEDANG

SELIGI

ANOAPULAI

BESAR

ANGSI

S. ANGSISOTONG

DELAHMALONG

ANDING

37

38

44

45

Ca Mau

39 34

28

30

24

23

22

Block B & 48/95(UNOCAL)Block 52/97

(UNOCAL)0 25 50

K i l o m e t e r s

B. KEKWA

B. RAYA

B. ORKID

B. PAKMAB. DAHLIA

B. TERATAI

PeninsularMalaysia

Thailand

Vietnam

TALISMAN

SHELL

CARIGALI

CS MUTIARA

AMERADA HESS

EMEPMI

CPOC

CTOC

UNOCAL

MURPHY

Blocks Offered

Open Areas

Oil Field

Gas Field

Gas/Condensate Field

Non-producing Oil Fields

Non-producing Gas Fields

Non-producingGas/Condensate FiledsOil Pipeline

Gas Pipeline

Condensate Pipeline

LEGEND

PM-304(Open)

PM-5 PSC(Open)

Ho Chi Minh City

FSO Caspian SeaFSO Caspian Sea

FSO Angsi

FPSOArmada Perkasa

FSO Caspian Sea

FSO Cendor

FPSO B.Kertas

FPSO Kikeh

FSO Abu Cluster

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Heavy Engineering Yard• Topside Fabrication• Ship and Offshore Structures• Conversion & Ship Repair

Corporate Organisation

OTHER SUBSIDIARIES

FSO/FPSO Operations• Facility Ops & Mgnmnt• Logistics• Marine Operations

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Station Keeping Overview

Spread MooringTurret MooringDynamically Positioning

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Spread MooringGenerally used on floating production systems in milder environments.

The spread mooring performs two main functions

Maintains vessel on station through multiple mooring lines directly connected to the vessel at both the stern and the bow of the vessel.

The floating production system heading has to be optimised by mooring the vessel facing the most heavily loaded environmental direction.


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Turret MooringWeathervaning mooring systems are a common choice for ship based floating production systems in moderate to harsh environments.

The turret mooring performs four main functions

Maintains vessel on station through multiple mooring lines which come together at a single point, the turntable.

Allows weathervaning or rotation of the vessel to adopt to the optimum orientation in response to environmental conditions.

Incoming fluid transfer from the risers to the process plant / storage tanks and gas/water export via a swivel path system

Provides transfer of electrical, hydraulic and other control signals.


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Thruster Based Dynamically PositioningSole source of station keeping or used to assist a catenary mooringsystem

The DP Thrust System provide thrust to keep equilibrium with external forces of:

CurrentWavesWindOther external forces e.g. from risers or export tanker

The DP system consists of the following main sub-systemsThruster system (typically four to six thrusters)Power generation systemControl systemSensors, a position reference system

Main applications of DP station keeping to date is for deepwaterDrill Ships and Drilling Semis


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Station Keeping Design Considerations

Establish representative and accurate environmental conditions:

For Spread Mooring particular directionality data For Turret Mooring or DP systems (weather vaning) particular co-linearity of wind, wave and current

Determine vessel motions with high accuracySelect a mooring system with sufficient compliancy to not overload mooring lines, while maintaining vessel excursions within allowable limits of riser systemEvaluate the interface with supply boat operations and export tanker berthing to maximise operability

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First & Second Order MotionsFPSO Surge Motion Time History

-30-20-10

0102030

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600

Time History (sec)

Surg

e M

otio

n (m

)

FPSO Wave Frequency Surge Motion Time History

-30-20-10

0102030

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600

Time History (sec)

Surg

e M

otio

n(m

)

FPSO Low Frequency (Second Order) Surge Motion Time History

-30-20-10

0102030

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600

Time (sec)

Surg

e M

otio

n (m

)

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Motion Sensitivity to Wave Height

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Significant Wave Height Hs (m)

Vess

el E

xcur

sion

(m)

Wave FrequencyMotion

Low Frequency Motion

Total Excursion

10% Increase in Wave Height ≈ 19% Increase in Excursion

Excursion @ 6.50m Hs = 28.08 mExcursion @ 7.15m Hs = 33.44 m

(33.44 - 28.08)/(28.08) = 0.19 = 19%

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Mooring Line Loading

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Vessel Excursion (m)

Line

Ten

sion

(kN

)

10% Increase in Wave Height ≈ 37% Increase in Line Load

Line load @ 6.50m Hs = 2600 kNLine load @ 7.15m Hs = 3550 kN

(3550-2600)/(2600) = 0.37 = 37%

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Typical South China Sea Survival Environmental Data

0.460.690.820.650.220.680.870.83Associated surface current (m/sec)

12.420.520.717.34.719.026.022.61 min Associated Wind Speed (m/sec)

10.517.417.514.64.016.122.119.21 hour Associated Wind Speed (m/sec)

8.68.88.68.67.88.410.09.5Associated Period, Tmax (sec)

5.76.15.55.53.45.111.48.9Max Wave Height, Hmax (m)

6.46.56.36.35.56.27.87.2Mean Zero Crossing Period, Tz (sec)

8.68.78.58.57.78.49.99.4Peak Period, Tp (Sec)

3.13.43.03.01.82.86.45.0Significant Wave Height, Hs (m)

NWWSWSSEENEN

100 Year Return Period Extreme Survival Environmental Data

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0.380.560.680.540.190.550.700.69Associated surface current (m/sec)

9.415.515.713.13.614.419.717.11 min Associated Wind Speed (m/sec)

7.913.113.311.13.012.216.714.51 hour Associated Wind Speed (m/sec)

8.18.28.08.07.37.99.38.9Associated Period, Tmax (sec)

4.14.44.04.02.53.78.36.5Max Wave Height, Hmax (m)

5.85.95.85.85.05.67.16.6Mean Zero Crossing Period, Tz (sec)

8.08.28.08.07.27.99.38.8Peak Period, Tp (Sec)

2.32.42.22.21.32.04.63.6Significant Wave Height, Hs (m)

NWWSWSSEENEN

1 Year Return Period Operating Environmental Data

Typical South China Sea Operating Environmental Data

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Case Example 1 – Angsi FSO

Spread Moored FSO Bridge Linked to MOAB Platform

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Case Example 1 – Angsi FSODescription

475,000 BBL Storage FSO (Panama Max)

15 year design life

PM305 South Angsi Field - Malaysia

Key FeaturesOrientation North-East / South - West

12 point Spread Mooring 92 mm Studless Chain• 6 Above water chain stoppers forward• 6 Underwater fairleads & deck mounted stoppers aft

2 Holdback Mooring Buoys for export tanker mooring

46m Personnel Transfer Bridge with +22/-6m stroke

3 x 6” Interconnecting Hoses• Crude Oil Import• Fuel Gas Import• Diesel Oil Export

Stern Offloading (floating hose with MBC & QCDC + hawser with QRH)

Project Highlights9 month conversion scheduleFist Oil August 200546 No of Off-TakesTotal 13.4 mill bbl exported

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Case Example 1 – Angsi FSO

Hold Back Mooring Buoy

Operational Experience

☺ Personal Transfer Bridge uptime 100%☺ FSO oil receiving uptime 100%☺ Underwater Stern Moorings proven to avoid

chafing of offloading hose and interferencewith boat operations

Berthing of export tankers proven to bedifficult during South-West monsoon period(weather approach FSO stern)

• Port closed for up to 13 daysLost production 190,000 bbl

• Parting of lines between export tankerand Hold Back Mooring Buoys

• Main Mooring Hawser breakage1 & sometimes 2 additional tug required forexport tanker berthing (against originally 2 support vessels planned)

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Case Example 2 – Cendor FSO

MOPU with Flexible Subsea Hose Export to Spread Moored FSO

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Case Example 2 – Cendor FSODescription

350,000 BBL Storage FSO (PanamaMax Size)

3-5 year design life

PM304 Cendor Field - Malaysia

Key FeaturesOrientation North - East / South - West

Asymmetric mooring system accommodates thehigher beam conditions from the NW.

10 point Spread Mooring 87 mm Studless Chain• Two (2) groups of three (3) portside.• Two (2) groups of two (2) starboard side.

1 Holdback mooring buoy for export hose mooring

1 x 6” Subsea Flexible Export Hose from MOPU to FSO

Bow & Stern Offloading (floating hose w MBC & hawserw QRH)

Project Highlights9 month conversion scheduleFirst Oil September 20065 No of Off-TakesTotal 1.4 mill bbl exported

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Case Example 2 – Cendor FSOOperational Experience☺ FSO oil receiving uptime 100%☺ FSO oil exporting uptime ≈100%☺ The FSO has the facility for offloading from

either the bow or the stern depending themonsoon direction (manifold to bow andstern, two (2) QRH systems, one (1) Hawserand one (1) Offloading hose). The option ofBow and Stern export tanker mooringproven to be very useful

Potential for chafing of offloading hose on

the mooring lines. Mooring buoy required tomoor the offloading hose from interferencewith mooring linesHawser and Hose needs to be transferred tothe favored end at short notice

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Case Example 3 – Bunga Kertas FPSO

Bow Turret Moored FPSO

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Case Example 3 – Bunga Kertas FPSODescription

30,000 bbl/d process train & 40mmscfd gasreinjection

619,000 BBL Storage (Aframax)

20 year design life

Penara & North Lukut Fields - Malaysia

Key FeaturesSubmerged Turret with 3x3 Mooring 95 mm StudlessChain with heavy section in touch down zone

Risers• 2 x 12” Oil Import from Wellhead Platforms• 2 x 6” Gas Lift/Re-injection to Wellhead Platforms

Stern Offloading (floating hose w. MBC & hawser w QRH)

Project Highlights14 month project scheduleFist Oil April 200429 No of Off-TakesTotal 7.8 mill bbl exported

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Case Example 3 – Bunga Kertas FPSOOperational Experience☺ FPSO uptime 99.8%☺ No downtime contributed to mooring

system arrangement

Leaking swivels in the turret resulted in lossof barrier fluid from annulus between main and secondary seal

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Operational StatisticsDaily Records

1

10

100

1000

Day

s (L

og S

cale

)

Days of operationPort Closure

Port Closure & Production Loss Downtime

0.00%1.00%2.00%3.00%4.00%5.00%6.00%

FSO Angsi(Spread M - SingleOfftake Station)

FSO Cendor(Spread M - Bow & Stern

Offtake Station)

FPSO Bunga Kertas(Turret Moored)

Port Closure DowntimeLost Production

Only 1 SW Monsoon Season in Ops Statistics

Only 4 month of Operational Data in Statistics

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Dynamically Postioned FPSOMISC Strategic Initiative – DPFPSO

Focus on making production from “stranded” oil reservoirs in South China Sea economical by extended well testing or full life of filed production

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THE DP FPSO CONCEPT

DP CONCEPT FOR EXTENDED WELL TESTING AND MARGINAL FIELD PRODUCTION

A 500,000 bbls storage vessel (PanamaMax) with production capability for 15,000 to 30,000 bbls/day based on “plug & play” modularized process facilityThruster system to maintain heading into the weather and station keeping in conditions up to 100 year return stormPower sharing between topside facility and DP system for extreme design conditionMinimum requirement equivalent to IMO Class 2 DP redundancy so no single fault in the active system will cause the system to fail.The FPSO riser system is disconnectable and provides transfer of product from the wellheads to the vessel.The cantilever riser platform allows the transfer of product fro the riser system to the vessel.Then export tanker moored at the stern is used for the transportation of the stabilisedcrude to the onshore refineries.

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Typical Environmental loading

(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (m.tons)1 Year Loaded 54.0 269.11 23.20 346.31 35

100 Year Loaded 68.1 468.76 35.80 572.66 581 Year Ballast 54.0 286.33 19.20 359.53 37

100 Year Ballast 68.1 498.74 29.50 596.34 61180 deg180 deg

Load Case

Vessel Condition

Wave Wind Current Direction

Total Loading Fx

180 deg180 deg

Wind Fx

Current Fx

Vessel loadingWave

Fx

Fy

Fx

Panamax vessel size

180 deg

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DP System Components

Components of the DP system consists of the following main subsystems:

Thruster systemThe thruster system comprises 5 azimuthing variable pitch units with an anticipated capacity of 3-4 MW each.

Power generation systemThe power generation system consists of an adequate number and capacity of gas turbine generators with power sharing between topside and DP system.

Control systemThe control system consists of a computer system executing automatic thrust control to produce command output to the thruster.

SensorsA position reference system with at least two position reference sensors will be provided to indicate position data with adequate accuracy.

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Economics – Typical CAPEX

-

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

Spread Moored Turret Moored(2 Risers)

DP Vessel(2 Risers)

Rel

ativ

e C

ost Offshore Installation

Shipyard WorkSupport SteelEquipment

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Typical OPEX Breakdown

Annual OPEX Costs Associated with Type of Station Keeping System Used

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

Spread MooredFSO Angsi

Spread MooredFSO Cendor

Turret MooredFPSO Bunga

Kertas

DP FPSO(Free Fuel)

DP FPSO(Diesel

Powered)

Facility

Anu

al O

PEX

Cos

t (U

SD)

Fuel Cost forStation Keeping

Export TankerDemurage

Line & Support Boatsincl Fuel

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Economics – Single Field Usage

Accumulated Costs Associated withType of Station Keeping System Used

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Year

Tota

l Acc

umul

ated

Cos

t(U

SD M

ill)

Spread MooredFSO Angsi

Spread MooredFSO Cendor

Turret MooredFPSO Bunga Kertas

DP FPSO (Free Fuel)

DP FPSO (DieselPowered)

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Economics – Relocation Every 4 Years

Accumulated Costs Associated withType of Station Keeping System Used

020406080

100120140160180200

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Year

Tota

l Acc

umul

ated

Cos

t (U

SD M

ill)

Spread MooredFSO AngsiSpread MooredFSO CendorTurret MooredFPSO Bunga KertasDP FPSO (Free Fuel)

DP FPSO (DieselPowered)

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Key Findings / ConclusionsSpread Mooring

Spread mooring is the most difficult system to design correctly and require very reliable environmental dataSpread Mooring Systems although cheaper CAPEX wise may be the most expensive solution for longer service livesThe economics of Spread Mooring System relies on effective technical solutions for managing the berthing, mooring and loading of the export tankers

Turret MooringTurret Moored Systems provide a robust solution for longer service lives

Dynamically PositioningDP Station Keeping is an attractive solution where multiple field use of the FSO/FPSO asset is considered, provided fuel (i.e. fuel gas) is freely available at no cost

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THANK YOU

an fso-fpso providers view on station keeping options

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