an expanding problem: bromus spp
DESCRIPTION
An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp . S.Türkseven 1 , M.Demirci 2 , Y.Nemli 1 , A.Uludag 3. 2 nd International Conferance Novel and Sustainable Weed Management in Arid and Semiarid Agroecosystems September 7-10, 2009 Santorini - Greece. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An Expanding Problem: Bromus
spp.S.Türkseven1, M.Demirci2,
Y.Nemli1, A.Uludag3
2nd International Conferance Novel and Sustainable Weed Management in Arid and Semiarid AgroecosystemsSeptember 7-10, 2009Santorini - Greece
1 Ege Universty, Faculty of Agriculture, İzmir ,Turkey2 AgroBest Grup, İzmir ,Turkey3 Agriculturel Qurantine Department, İzmir , Turkey
![Page 2: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
9.300.000 hectare 21.000.000 ton
Wheat Production in Turkey
Central Anatolia Product Region
Çukurova R.
Ege. R.
Marmara R.
![Page 3: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
20-40% crop is lost due to weeds in wheat in Turkey (Güncan, 2006; Özer, 1997)
![Page 4: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Important Weeds in Wheat Fieldsin The Çukurova Region
(Boz, 1992; Boz and Uygur, 1993; Orel, 1996; Boz, 1997; Uygur, 1997)
Avena sterilisVicia sativa Sinapis arvensis Convolvulus arvensisSilybum marianumPhalaris spp.Lolium spp.Matricaria chamomillaAlopecurus myosuroides
Capsella bursa-pastoris Vaccaria pyramidataVicia narbonensisAnagallis arvensisLathyrus spp.Medicago spp.Papaver rhoeasStellaria media
(borrowed from A.ULUDAG)
![Page 5: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Important Weeds in Wheat Fieldsin The Central Anatolia Region
(Taştan and Erciş, 1991)
Bifora radians Bromus tectorumBoreava orientalisCentaurea depressaGalium tricornutumPolygonum bellardiiWiedemannia orientalis Sinapis arvensis Alopecurus myosuroides
Aegilops cylindriacaLolium temulentum Turgenia latifoliaEchinaria capitataCirsium arvenseHypecoum imberbeAvena fatuaAcroptilon repensChenopodium album
(borrowed from A.ULUDAG)
![Page 6: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Most Important Grass Weeds in Wheat in Turkey
Avena spp.
Phalaris spp.
Lolium spp.
Alopecurus spp.
Bromus spp.
![Page 7: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
There are 8 Avena species in Turkey; (Davis, 1985)
Avena fatua Avena sterilis
Avena spp.
![Page 8: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
There are 8 Phalaris species in Turkey; (Davis, 1985)
Phalaris minor Phalaris paradoxa Phalaris brachystachys
Phalaris spp.
![Page 9: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
There are 6 Lolium species in Turkey; (Davis, 1985)
Lolium temulentum Lolium rigidum Lolium multiflorum
Lolium spp.
![Page 10: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Alopecurus spp.There are 18 Alopecurus species in Turkey;
(Davis, 1985)
Alopecurus myosuroides
![Page 11: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
There are 36 Bromus species in Turkey; (Davis, 1985)
Bromus arvensis Bromus inermis Bromus japonicus Bromus secalinus Bromus sterilis Bromus tectorum
Bromus spp.
![Page 12: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Year Active ingredient Trade name
Bromus efficacy
1970s difenzequat Avenge -1970s flomprop-p-ethyl Suffix -1981 dichlofop methyl İlloxan -1989 fenexoprop-p-ethyl Puma Süper -1991 tralkoxydim Splendor -1994 clodinofop propargyl Topik -2001 iodosulfuron methyl sodium +
mesosulfuron methylAtlantis -
2002 sulfosulfuron Monitor +2004 propoxycarbazone Attribut +2007 pinoxaden Axial -2007 propoxycarbazone + mesosulfuron
methylAttribut Süper
+
2008 proxylam+cloquintocet methyl Perun +
Registered Graminicides in Wheat in Turkey (Chronological)
![Page 13: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Survey area for Bromus spp.
![Page 14: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bromus spp. determined
Bromus tectorum L. Bromus japonicus Thunb.
![Page 15: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Location Soil Property
Rotation
Number of Fields
Bromus spp.
B. tectorum alone
B. tectorum & B. japonicus
Çanakkale Kumkale Fertile + 5 1 1 0Çanakkale Merkez Fertile + 10 1 1 0Biga Fertile + 10 1 1 0Biga Barren _ 10 8 6 2Biga Merkez Fertile + 10 3 3 0Balıkesir Fertile + 10 0 0 0Balıkesir Barren - 5 4 4 0Gönen Fertile + 10 2 2 0Gönen Barren - 10 7 6 1Bandırma Fertile + 5 0 0 0Bandırma Külefli Fertile + 5 1 1 0Bandırma Orhaniye Fertile + 5 0 0 0Manyas Fertile + 5 1 1 0Manyas Gölyaka Fertile + 5 1 1 0Manyas Kocagöl Fertile + 5 2 2 0Susurluk Göbel Barren - 5 2 0 2Susurluk Yahyaköy Fertile - 5 1 1 0Susurluk Ümiteli Barren + 5 3 2 1Total 125 38 32 6
![Page 16: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Frequency of Bromus spp.
Bromus spp. %30.4
Bromus tectorum alone %84.2
B.tectorum +B.japonicus
%15.8
![Page 17: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Use of herbicides control other weeds
Minimum and/or shallow tillage
Lack of crop rotation or rotation in short term
Possible Reasons in Increase of Bromus spp. Infestation
![Page 18: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bromus tectorum in dryland winter wheat presents a major constraint to the adoption of reduced tillage cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Effective suppression of downy brome during fallow periods depletes seed in the soil and reduces infestations in subsequent winter wheat crops. Delayed tillage operations or delayed herbicide applications in the spring increase the risk for production of viable downy brome seed during fallow periods. (Ball et al.2004)
Discussion
![Page 19: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
It has been observed for six years, which we started checking fields for Bromus infestation, that there has been notable increase the number of fields with Bromus infestation and intensity of Bromus in individual fields.
In the beginning Bromus were observed at field edges.
There has been increasing need to control Bromus in wheat fields of study area.
RESULTS
![Page 20: An Expanding Problem: Bromus spp](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062310/568163ad550346895dd4c1e0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Thank you very much
2nd International Conferance Novel and Sustainable Weed Management in Arid and Semiarid AgroecosystemsSeptember 7-10, 2009Santorini - Greece