AN ANALYSIS OF MICHAEL FOSTER’S CHARACTERISTICS AND HIS

PERSONALITY PROBLEM IN THE CALL THROUGH

PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

BY SIGMUND FREUD

A Thesis

Submitted to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities

as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Strata 1 (S1) Degree

By:

Lisda Pangestu Ariyono

1110026000075

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

2016

i

ABSTRACT

Lisda Pangestu Ariyono, NIM: 1110026000075, An Analysis of Michael Foster’s

Characteristics and His Personality Problem in The Call through Psychological

Approach by Sigmund Freud. Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and

Humanities Faculty of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta, 2016.

The purpose of this research is to know about Michael Foster’s characteristics and his

personality problem using the concept of Personality Structure by Sigmund Freud. The

writer uses descriptive qualitative method to analyze the problem. The data are collected

from the scenes, the dialogues, and the appearances of Michael Foster and analyzed using

psychoanalysis theory.

From the analysis of this movie, the writer finds the characteristics of Foster who reveals

who he is. Foster has a personality problem which is started by the absence of parents in

his oral stage. This condition causes the unstable personality, but the presence of his

sister can maintain Foster’s unstable personality. Later, it is aggravated by the death of

her where it leaves a deep impact on Foster and has an influence in his present. The fact

that his sister died many years ago puts Foster in difficult situation to show his love and

express his missing. So, he looks for the girl who has the similarities with his sister to

displace her. Foster’s personality structure (id, ego, and superego) cannot work balanced.

Those feelings become Foster’s dominant id and take control of Foster. In fulfilling his

id, Foster’s ego uses defense mechanism to reduce the anxiety and avoid the unpleasant

feeling, such as repression, displacement and projection. Foster is controlled by his

dominant id and his ego guides him on making a decision where his superego, that needs

the perfection, cannot supervises Foster’s ego. The id is too dominant to take control of

Foster.

Keyword: film, the call, defense mechanism, personality structure.

iv

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my

knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by

another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the

award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher

learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, September 2016

Lisda Pangestu Ariyono

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. First of all, the writer

would like to give appreciation and many thanks to Allah SWT, the Lord of the

universe and the thereafter. She is nothing and cannot do anything without Him. God

guide us with all of his blesses in our life. Then, peace and blessing is upon to our

beloved prophet Muhammad SAW and those who follow him in goodness till the day

after.

This paper is presented to English Letters Department of Adab and Humanities

Faculty of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta as partial fulfillment of

the requirement for strata one degree.

The writer would like to express the highest gratitude to her family; her parents

and her brother who always give supports everyday and cheer her up that make her

strong. Most of all, she dedicated this thesis for all of his big and beloved big family for

the time they spend.

The writer is very thankful to her advisors; Ms. Pita Merdeka, M.A and Mr.

Akhmad Zakky, M.Hum for the greatest patients and contribution on finishing her

paper. She thanked you and thanked you again. The advices that have given to me are

really useful and may Allah SWT bless them and their family.

vi

The writer also would like to convey his sincere gratitude particularly to the

following people:

1. Prof. Dr. Oman Fathurahman, M. Hum., the Dean of Adab and Humanities

Faculty

2. Drs. Saefuddin, M.Pd., the Head of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani M.Hum., the Secretary of English Letters Department.

4. All lecturers of English Letters Department for their encouragement to the

writer.

5. To beloved parents, Mugiono and Umi Arifah, for their love, patience, and

support. I do love you.

6. All my beloved classmates in Happy C Family and Literature Class for giving

the support during the process of finishing this paper.

7. My best lady and man in the world for making the writer gets a nightmare at

night, Lestari Rejeki and Andry Wirawan. Big hug and kiss for you. Thanks

for all the support, time, and patience you gave to the writer. She really

appreciates it.

Finally, the writer hope the thesis is not only useful but also invites the others

to discuss about psychoanalysis more.

Jakarta, September 23rd

, 2016

The Writer

vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ....................................................................................... ii

LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................ iii

DECLARATION .............................................................................................. iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. v

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1

B. Focus of the Study .................................................................................. 4

C. Research Question .................................................................................. 5

D. Research Methodology ........................................................................... 5

1. The Method of Research .................................................................. 5

2. The Objective of Research ............................................................... 5

3. The Technique of Data Analysis ...................................................... 5

4. The Instrument of Research ............................................................. 6

5. Unit Analysis .................................................................................... 7

6. Time and Place of the Research ....................................................... 7

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................ 8

A. Previous Research .................................................................................. 8

B. Definition of Movie ................................................................................ 11

viii

C. Psychoanalysis ....................................................................................... 15

D. Personality Structure .............................................................................. 16

E. Defense Mechanism ............................................................................... 19

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ....................................................... 24

A. Character and characterization Analysis of Michael Foster .................. 25

B. Personality Structure of Michael Foster ................................................. 41

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................. 60

A. Conclusion ............................................................................................. 60

B. Suggestion .............................................................................................. 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 63

APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 66

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

In this era, entertainment is a must. People need it for themselves after

spending time for long activities. All are well supported by the easy ways to

get the entertainment. Shopping, traveling, swimming, listening to music, and

even sleeping are some ways that people do to entertain themselves. There is

no exception with watching movie. It gives us an entertainment, an

enjoyment, a pleasure, and a lesson.

Based on Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. P., a movie is a moving

image1 or a unique and powerful art form. It consists of the narration of

events in time that makes the movie become powerful and attractive. The

events are more likely on something that is going; music, painting, or even

literary work.2 They can be found almost on every side because they produce

an artistic art. Although they are same each other, they have different ways to

say something to the audience. For example, when poem communicates

indirectly with its symbols, movie communicates directly; when a stage play

should compromise the story’s unity, the movie can provide a continuous,

unbroken flow which blurs and minimizes transition.3

1 Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films (New York:

McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008), p. 3. 2 Rudolf Arnhein, Film as Art (California: University of California Press, 1957), p. 8.

3 Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie (2008), op. cit. p. 3.

2

Movie itself helps us to see the world or the environment around us. It

influences the way we talk, we think, and even we act. All scenes in movie

shape the mindset of us. In another word, movie is a media to say something

important or deliver the current issue to the audience. The issue raised in

movie is not only about the elements of movie that come behind the scenes,

the culture or religion, but also about the human problems as a part of group

or as an individual.

The issue about human individually can be raised from the

psychology. Psychology is also an important part of movie which is very

influential in character’s feeling. It is usually experienced in the past and then

has the impact in the present. Those memories from past become the

attractiveness that led how they fight and survive in anxiety and fear. This

topic makes psychoanalysis become interesting in the movie.

Movie and psychoanalysis has a special connection.4 Movie works as

a connector to describe the psychology topic in human life while

psychoanalysis is one of some approaches method which is used as art critics

in the world of cinematography5 to find the psychological problem in the

movie analysis.

A movie with psychological issue is The Call. This movie described

about a man controlled by the urges or impulses of his dominant id to get

pleasure and secure by slashing someone’s scalp. This movie is an American

crime thriller movie published by TriStar Pictures on March 15th

, 2013 and

4Anggadewi Moesomo, Psikoanalisis dan Sastra (Depok: PPKBLPUI, 2003), p. 59.

5Ibid.

3

directed by Brad Anderson. Furthermore, The Call is a successful movie that

gains the income over $68 million.6

This movie told about an ordinary man named Michael Lewis Foster.

Foster worked in a hospital as a Med Tech or Medical Technician. Foster was

a young, quiet, simple, and successful person. If he had to face some

problems, he kept them just for himself. He never let anyone know his other

side or his problems. Later, he would solve them with his own way. Actually,

Foster’s life had been completed with the presence of his wife and two sons.

However, behind his excellence and perfect life, Foster had a personality

problem that made his personality become unstable.

Foster’s unstable personality was started when he was young. The

absence of parents in his life made Foster depend his life on his sister named

Melinda Foster. But, this condition was aggravated by the death of Melinda.

She died of cancer and lost her blonde hair. It influenced Foster in his present.

Since that incident, Foster began obsessed with blonde hair that every girl had

and started to kidnap the girl then slashed their scalp. In Foster’s perspective,

that blonde hair represented Melinda. He would do anything for having the

girl’s blonde hair. Even killing was the right way for him.

As Foster’s sister, Melinda was a beautiful and attractive girl who had

shoulder-length blonde hair. She was around twenties and really took care of

her hair’s beauty. However, she was suffering from cancer. The disease made

her lose her blonde hair. In this moment, Foster never left her side and always

6 Retrieved from http://m.imdb.com/title/tt1911644/ accessed on May 18, 2016 at 14.45

4

supported her by giving a hug or kiss. Until one day, his sister died in a state

of baldness.

This incident left a very deep wound for Foster. Since then, Foster’s

personality got worse and started to take control of Foster’s action. On one

hand, Foster was a figure of man which was responsible for his family. On

the other hand, he had a strong desire or urge for a shoulder-length blonde

hair.

From the explanation about Foster’s personality problem above,

Sigmund Freud’s theory about personality structure is appropriate to be used

in this research. Based on Freud’s theory, human behavior can be created by

the combination of id, ego, and superego. The id is where all impulses come

from and works based on pleasure principle. Later, the impulses are delivered

to the ego, a decision making of personality, to decide what kind of action

will be taken. Then, the superego, which is operated by moralistic principle,

decides whether it is right or wrong and good or bad to be done. Based on

that explanation, the writer is interest to analyze the character of Michael

Lewis Foster and his personality problem using Sigmund Freud’s personality

structure as the appropriate theory to analyze it.

B. Focus of the Study

Based on the background of the study, this research focuses on the

character and characterization of Michael Foster and the personality problem

experienced by him using Sigmund Freud’s personality structure.

5

C. Research Question

Based on focus of the study, the problem of this research can be

formulated in the manner of:

1. How are Michael Foster’s characteristics described in this film?

2. How does personality structure of Foster work in this film?

D. Research Methodology

1. The Method of Research

This research uses a descriptive-qualitative method. According to

Kutha, this method can be done by describing the facts and then analyzing

them.7 So, the writer describes Foster’s characteristics and explains about

his personality problems.

2. The Objective of Research

Based on research question above, there are two objectives of this

research. They are:

1. Describing the characteristics of Michael Foster as the main character

in The Call movie.

2. Understanding and comprehending about personality structure of

Foster viewed from Psychoanalysis.

3. The Technique of Data Analysis

Data are the source of information that will be selected as an

analysis material.8 They are divided into two parts: primary source and

7Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra (Yogyakarta:

Pustaka Pelajar, 2012), p. 53. 8Siswantoro, Metode Penelitian Sastra (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010), p. 70.

6

secondary source.9 The source of data has the relation with where the data

is obtained.10

After that, the data will be analyzed. Analysis data is a

process to look for and arrange the data sistematically11

In this research, the primary source is a movie in 2013 entitle The

Call and the secondary sources are the books of literature, film, and

psychology. Then, there are some techniques taken by the writer to

analyze the data. Firstly, the writer watches the movie for the first time to

know the characters and the problems. Secondly, the writer reads the script

to get a deep understanding. Thirdly, the writer makes a brief note about

Foster’s character and his problem. Fourthly, the writer watches the movie

for twice to make sure Foster’s characteristics and his problems. Fifthly,

the writer analyzes the characteristics of Michael Foster and his problems.

Lastly, the writer makes conclusions of the findings.

4. The Instrument of Research

According to Siswantoro, the instrument is a device to collect the

data.12

In the literary research, the instrument is the writer herself.13

So

that, based on the theory, the instrument of this research is the researcher

herself because the writer is watching the movie, analyzing, and describing

data that relate to the research question.

9Ibid.

10Ibid., p.72.

11Sugiyono (2010), op. cit. p. 89.

12Siswantoro (2010), op. cit. p. 73.

13Ibid.

7

5. Unit Analysis

Unit analysis is the characteristic of thing, person, or something

that can be the center of attention and the target of research, and seen from

its attitude, its activity, its opinion, its view, or its process.14

Based on that

definition, the unit analysis in this research is a movie which was directed

by Brad Anderson in 2013 entitle The Call and published by TriStar

Pictures.

6. Time and Place of the Research

This research takes place in the main library of State Islamic

University of Syarif Hidayatullah, the library of Adab and Humanities

Faculty, National Library of Indonesia, and also the library of Indonesian

University.

14

Saifuddin Azwar, Metode Penelitian (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1998), p. 35.

8

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

In this research, the writer is not the first researcher that used The

Call movie as the corpus. The research about The Call movie has been

done before by Vira Mireta in 2015 in Multimedia Nusantara University

Jakarta in her thesis under title Representasi Kekerasan Simbolik terhadap

Perempuan dalam Film “The Call” (Analisis Semiotik Charles Sanders

Pierce). Using qualitative descriptive method, Mireta analyzes about the

symbolic violence against women in the film using Charles Sanders

Peirce’s semiotic theory. The result of this research is that there is a

symbolic representation of violence against the women with the torture

and ill-treatment done by men which is symbolized by icons and sign

indexes.

The similarity from this research is that the writer also uses The

Call as the corpus. However, in this research, the writer uses the different

theory with Vira Mireta. The writer uses the theory of Sigmund Freud’s

personality structure to analyze Foster’s character through his personality

problem, while Vira Mireta uses Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic theory.

Another researcher which has the similar theory with the writer is

Septian Hega Pratama in 2015 in State Islamic University of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta. In his thesis under title Psychological Problem of the

Main Character in Mr. Brooks Movie; Psychoanalysis Approach, he

9

analyzes about Mr. Brooks’ character as the main character to know the

psychological problem from the concept of personality structure id, ego,

and superego of the main character in the movie. Using qualitative

descriptive method, he finds out that character of Mr. Brook, the main

character, suffers depression which is a part of psychological problems. It

appears when he thinks that he has such a perfect life, but then trouble comes

and ruins it all. He is more depressed after his daughter pregnant and gets

involved in a murder situation. He cannot punish her daughter, so he kills

people as the replacement for his daughter. But he needs someone to blame

for all of his mistakes. That is the reason that the main character suffers

mental disorder and makes imaginary friend named Marshall. His psyche

disorder because his three parts of structure personality; id, ego, and

superego, does not work properly so that the main character tries to overcome

Marshall as the manifestations of the superego and id as a part of his structure

personality. Therefore, his ego makes some defense mechanism such as;

projections and rationalizations. His ego makes usage of many defense

mechanisms to help him cure his depression.

The similarity of this research with my research is that both using

personality structure from Sigmund Freud as the theory to analyze the

character. Whereas, the difference is in Pratama’s research, the character

has an imaginary friend who helps the main character to take the decisions

for what he will do.

The other research that has similar theory is Nurul Hikmah

Maulanie in 2011 in State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

10

In her thesis under title An Analysis of Esther’s Psychopath Problem in

Orphan Film Viewed from Psychoanalysis Theory by Sigmund Freud, the

character of Esther is her focus. This character is analyzed to know what is

the psychopathic problem experienced by her. Her analysis uses

descriptive qualitative as a method by explaining about the intrinsic and

extrinsic elements of film, such as dialogue and the scene. Furthermore,

she analyzes them using psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. The

result of this research is that Ester’s character has a mental disorder called

psychopath with the characteristic of liar, manipulative, impulsive, and

aggressive. It is caused by the imperfect of Esther’s psychosexual

development which stops in phallic stage.

The similarity between this research and my research is using

Sigmund Freud’s personality structure as the theory to analyze the

character in the movie. The difference is my research does not use

psychosexual development to know the sex development of the character

as the foundation of her psychopathic problem.

Based on the explanation above, the first research uses the same

corpus with the writer, The Call. The other researches use personality

structure by Sigmund Freud as the theory. However, they use different

concerns with the writer in doing the research. In this research, the writer

concerns with the relationship of Michael Foster’s character and his

personality problem which has the influences in his present time.

11

B. Definition of Movie

Movie is a kind of art. Movie itself is defined as a motion picture

that has so many elements in there. Character, plot, theme, and movie

director are some examples of movie’s elements. Those elements then join

together and give a big contribution in making a movie with the business

people.16

Movie concerns on moving images that communicates to the

audience visually and verbally. Movie is like other types of arts, but it

does not use symbol, rhythm, or words on pages to speak. From the

beginning until the end, the movie will be presenting images that have

been developed in order to make up the story.17

Movie is unlimited not only in its choice of subject but also in its

approach to the material. It does not talk about present. Sometimes, the

past will have presented to be told. Movie can make a few seconds seem

like hours or compress a century into minutes.18

There are some advantages that can be taken by watching movie.

Besides for entertaining the people, movie can educate people at the same

time. There are usually things that are to be conveyed by the director or

screenwriter. It could contain cultural issues or global news.

16

Pamusuk Eneste, Novel dan Film (Jakarta: Penerbit Nusa Indah, 1991), p. 16. 17

Rudolf Arnhein, Film as Art (California: University of California Press, 1957), p. 8. 18

Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films (New York:

McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008), p. 67.

12

1. Character and Characterization

a) Character

To make a film, it takes some significant elements. They can be

plot, character, cinematography, setting, sound effect, and so on. One

of the most important elements is character, a person who plays a role

as another person and has a tendency to make a problem. Characters

are the basic foundation of screenplay19

because they build the

arrangement of events become powerful, colorful, and attractive. If

there is no character, there will not be a story. The personality of

character itself must be trust: strong or weak, old or young, smart or

stupid, wise or hesitant, right or wrong.20

Those personality can be

seen by the way they talk, think, and interact with the others.

Character can be divided into some categories. According to

Barsam and Monahan, two of them are major and minor character.21

Character who is the center figure of story and has an important

influence is called major character. It guides us to know who the

characters are and understand how the story happens. What they do in

film make something happen and vice versa. Their characteristics are

clear and unpredictable.22

It raises our tension on watching film.

Besides major character, there is minor character that has less

19

Syd Field, Screenplay: the Foundations of screenwriting (New York: Dell Publishing,

1979), p. 26. 20

Robert McKee, Story, Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting

(USA: Regan Books, 1999), p. 106. 21

Richard Barsam and Dave Monahan, Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film

(USA: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010), p. 147. 22

Ibid.,

13

important role in the film. His function is just to accompany the major

character. His action is predictable23

and still same from the beginning

until the end of the story.

b) Characterization

Characterization is the sum of all observable qualities of a

human being, everything knowable through careful; scrutiny: age and

IQ; sex and sexuality; style of speech and gesture; choices of home,

car, and dress,; education and occupation; personality and nervosity;

values and attitudes – all aspects of humanity we would know by

taking notes on someone day in and day out.24

Characters should be

real, understandable, and worth caring about.25

Characters in the story

and the story itself must be same. Both of them are believable.

Characterization in movie can be seen from all aspect. Unlike

the novel, movie shows the characters directly and visually. When

someone is told as a murderer, there will be a murder scene in the

movie that shows his action.

Characterization through Appearance

The characters in a movie play a very large role. When they

appear for the first time, characterization in film has a great deal to

do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed

visually and instantaneously.26

23

Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, Op. Cit., p. 67. 24

Robert McKee, Op. Cit., p. 100&101. 25

Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, Op. Cit., p. 60. 26

Ibid.

14

When the characters appear, the audience will make an

assumption by seeing their facial features, dress, physical build,

and the way they move. The assumption can change anytime as the

story is on progress, but the first impression seeing them is really

influential.

Characterization through Dialogue

Characters in a movie will show their truly self by what

they say, the way they deliver their words, and their choice of

words. Their thought, their feeling, and their emotions will be

revealed by dialogue. The using of dialect and sentence structure

also shows their social and economic position.27

Characterization through External Action

Action has the biggest part in revealing someone’s

character. A character usually does what he wants to do and has the

motive behind his action. A relationship between the character and

his action will be clear and a story will grow naturally. If the

motivation for character’s action is clearly established, the

character and the plot become closer and impossible to separate.28

Characterization through Internal Action

If there are unseen or unheard actions in a movie, they

should be an inner world of action. It is difficult to be understood,

because no one knows what the others think. These internal actions

27

Ibid., p. 61. 28

Ibid., p. 62.

15

occur in characters’ minds and emotions. They are unspoken

thoughts, fears, daydreams, memories, happiness, or even secrets.

It is really important to be understood as long as the characters

exist.29

Characterization through Reactions of Other Characters

Sometimes the information about a character comes from

the other characters. Even, there is a scene where the

characteristics of the main character are found before she or he

appears. They will show and tell about the problems which is

caused by the main character and the characteristics of him or

her.30

Characterization through Choice of Name

One important method of characterization is the use of

names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, and

connotation. The choice of characters’ name cannot be done

randomly. The name must have the meaning that is compatible

with their action and their attitudes. A screenwriter usually thinks

out his characters’ name carefully.31

C. Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis is first introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud was

born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia. His father, named Jacob, is a

29

Ibid. 30

Ibid., p. 64. 31

Ibid., p. 66.

16

seller and his mother, named Amalie Freud, is an active woman. Freud has

two brothers, Emanuel and Phillip. He spends his entire life in Wina.

Freud continues his study at the University of Vienna Medical

School. During his college years, he is involved in various kinds of

research. He is very creative and productive. In writing his research, he is

really thorough. The main focus of his research is neurophysiology.

In 1885, Freud got a chance to study about hysteria in Paris with

Josef Breuer. Hysteria is a disorder characterized by paralysis or impaired

function of organs. Freud emphasized that sexual experience is a source of

hysteria. In 1895, Freud published his work entitled Studies of Hysteria. In

this book, Freud introduced the term “psychological analysis” that he later

described as “psychoanalysis”.

Freud then developed the idea of self-defense mechanism in 1920.

The concept is further enhanced by his daughter, Anna. Freud believes that

personality is divided into three part functions; Id, Ego, and Superego.

D. Personality Structure

In 1920, Freud introduces three important parts of personality

structure. He divides human personality structure based on their functions

or purposes.32

The first is id, which is unconscious; the second is Ego that

has conscious, preconscious, and unconscious components; and the last

one is both of preconscious and unconscious, superego. They interact with

32

Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist, Theories of Personality, Sixth Edition (New York:

McGraw-Hill Companies, 2006), p. 27.

17

each other to make an interaction as human behavior. Although they have

their own power, they also have their limit in human’s personality.

1. Id

The deepest part of personality is id. The id is unconscious.

The id contains of all urges, instincts, needs in human self, started

from the birth until the death. This part of structure personality is

beyond our awareness. The id does not have a contact with reality too

because all of the urges, instincts, or needs come from the id must be

satisfied.

The id works based on pleasure principle.33

The id just needs

satisfaction. All the id wants, the id gets. There is no tolerance for time

and reality. But the id influences someone’s words, feeling, and

actions.

The obvious example of this part is a newborn baby. Actually,

a baby sucks her mother’s nipple to survive. By doing her action, a

baby gets the satisfaction. It is not a matter if the nipple is present, but

the condition will change when the nipple is absent. A baby will look

for another thing to replace the nipple without thinking it is possible or

impossible. And the last thing she found is sucking her thumb. She

does not even realize that sucking her thumb cannot make herself

survive.

33

Ibid.

18

The id is a source of all energy stimulation; life or death, and

desire of sex. The id never devises a plan to get what it wants. The id

also cannot make a decision and distinguish whether it is right or

wrong. Pleasure is the only purpose of id.

2. Ego

Ego is the only part of personality that can make a contact with

reality. The ego itself does not have energy. Ego can do its function

because of the energy from the Id. The ego is used to communicate

with external world. “The ego becomes the decision-making or

executive branch of personality”34

based on reality principle.

Of all urges, instincts, or needs come from id, ego must choose

which desire that is rational and irrational. Afterwards, ego has to get

the appropriate objects to satisfy its wish.35

In this action, ego must be

able to control the unreasonable demands of the id. The contact with

reality makes ego to do things that ego should do, but sometimes it

creates a conflict between id and ego. One way to push down the

rational demand from id is postponing it. Actually it is because what

she wants is produced yet. By postponing it, the ego avoids the pain in

the id.

3. Superego

Superego stands for moralistic and idealistic principles. This

personality structure is different from the id and ego. When id wants to

34

Ibid., p. 29. 35

Ferdinand Zaviera, Teori Kepribadian Sigmund Freud (Jogjakarta: PRISMASOPHIE,

2007), p. 94.

19

have the satisfaction and the ego tries to make a decision, the superego

must choose what should or should not do.

Like the ego, superego does not have its own energy. Superego

gets the energy that comes from the id. This energy distribution occurs

when the id wants something. A well-developed superego can hold the

impulse from id. In carrying out its duty to make a decision or the

reason behind it, the ego is always supervised by the superego. When

there is a thing that is contrary to the moral standard of superego, the

ego will feel guilty. The inferior feeling also appears when the ego

fails to meet the standard of perfection set by superego. “The superego,

however, is like the id in that it is completely ignorant of, and

unconcerned with, the practicability of its requirements.”36

E. Defense Mechanism

In 1926, Freud introduced defense mechanism for the first time as

a method to control the urges or needs in ourselves. This method is built

by the ego to satisfy the id. The main purpose of ego forming defense

mechanism is to reduce the anxiety and unpleasant emotions.37

That

anxiety and unpleasant emotions actually occur in facing the impulses

from the id. By using defense mechanism, the ego transforms the impulses

becomes another thing which is better.

36

Ibid., p. 31. 37

Clifford T. Morgan & Richard A. King, Introduction to Psychology, fourth edition,

(Japan: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1971), p. 374.

20

1. Repression

The most common and powerful defense mechanism is

repression. According to Morgan, Repression is a kind of “forgetting”

where a person forgets the things that make him uncomfortable.38

In

another word, it is a way to reduce the emotional frustration by

pushing down the unwanted memories or undesired feeling and

thoughts to the unconscious.39

This is a fight of the id and ego. When

the ego must face the urge from id and that urge is something

unwanted, the ego protects itself by pushing down that urge to the

unconscious. For example, someone can easily forget to pay a bill

because paying it might bring him or her uncomfortably close to

insolvency.40

2. Displacement

Displacement is a way to reduce the anxiety by shifting the

impulses onto another people or object. This replacement may be done

for people cannot express their feeling in a safe manner to a person

they directed at. For example, a woman is getting angry with her boss.

Because she respects her boss, she cannot do something or show her

anger to the boss. What she will do is obeying her boss. Then, she may

displace her anger onto her boyfriend, her pet, or her roommate.41

38

Ibid. 39

Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist, op. cit., p. 35. 40

Clifford T. Morgan & Richard A. King, op. cit. 41

Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist, op. cit., p. 36.

21

3. Projection

Projection is a one of defense mechanism by attributing

someone’s unwanted urge or instinct to an external object. This is due

to the excessive anxiety. Actually it is a tendency to see the urge from

the others that we do not want to have. Whereas that urge comes from

our own self. 42

For example, if a student has a strong desire to cheat

on his examination but cannot admit it to himself due to the moral

code, he will distrust of others and accuse them of cheating when they

are innocent.43

4. Sublimation

The only one of defense mechanism that can be accepted by

society is sublimation. Sublimation makes the urges and instinct from

the id becomes more acceptable either culturally or socially. The

purpose of this mechanism is to maintain a stable relationship between

human being and his social activity, so the social achievement and

personal pleasure can be reached.44

For example is when someone

cannot satisfy his sexual motive, he will satisfy the motive by finding

some other outlet which seems to reduce the tension, such as painting,

visiting the art, or listening to music.45

42

Ibid., p. 37. 43

Clifford T. Morgan & Richard A. King, op. cit., p. 376. 44

Ferdinand Zaviera, op. cit., p. 109. 45

Clifford T. Morgan & Richard A. King, op. cit., p. 378.

22

5. Regression

Regression is a process of returning to the habit in the past due

to an anxiety in the developmental stage. This is a way that people

usually take to reduce the anxiety. As people get the anxiety, they will

look for a safer and more comfortable place or situation. Their habit

also will change to their old one. Besides that, they will shift their

libido into the more familiar and primitive object.46

For example, a boy drinks his milk from a bottle when his

sister is born. He will do this after seeing his sister sucks her mother’s

nipple. The anxiety that he experienced makes him wants to find a

more secure position. So, he starts to drink milk from a bottle.

6. Rationalization

It is a form defense mechanism by changing the motive. An

individual explains his behavior in such a way as to assign a socially

approved motive and conceal the unacceptable motive. For example, a

student who gets the bad score in her study will blame her teacher for

her failure. She can tell the others that the teacher is not fair enough

with her, or maybe the teacher does not have a long time to explain the

materials.47

7. Introjections

When the projection is a kind of defense mechanism that divert

unwanted impulse to the external objects, introjection adopts the

46

Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist, op. cit., p. 36. 47

Clifford T. Morgan & Richard A. King, op. cit., p. 377.

23

positive values of others into his own ego. It is intended to resolve the

nagging feeling. In this case, an adolescent will imitate her favorite

artist started from the lifestyle and the behavior. It makes the

adolescent to appreaciate and see herself better.48

48

Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist, op. cit., p. 43.

24

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

In this research, the writer focuses on Michael Foster‟s character. Michael

Foster was a medical technician who worked at the hospital. He lived with his

wife and his two sons in the center town. As a med tech, Foster was a quite

successful man. He loved his job and his family. Behind his perfect life, he had

unstable personality. It was due to the absence of parents when he was child.

Later, his unstable personality was aggravated by the death of his sister, Melinda

Foster. He kidnaped the girls who had the similarities with his sister, especially

having shoulder-length blonde hair. Later, he slashed their scalps and collected

them in a cellar that he prepared for remembering his sister. The reason behind his

action was because her sister lost her blonde hair when she suffered from cancer.

From The Call movie, the character of Michael Foster has a personality

problem. For that reason, in this chapter the writer answers and explains the

research question by following the focus of the study that analyzes what the

character and characterization of Michael Foster are and how his personality

problem is showed by Sigmund Freud‟s personality structure.

This research is divided into two sub-chapters. The first is character and

characterization analysis of Michael Foster. And the second is personality

structure of Michael Foster. The writer focuses the analysis from Foster‟s

appearances and dialogues with other characters. The scenes of the movie are also

presented in this chapter.

25

A. Character and Characterization Analysis of Michael Foster

Character is someone who builds the arrangement of events to be

powerful, colorful, and attractive. If there are no characters, there will not be a

story. That personality can be seen by the way they talk, think, and interact with

the others. In this movie, the character of Michael Foster has an influence to make

up the story. Through his character, the story in the movie runs. In the beginning

of movie, Foster is described as a mysterious man because there is no clear

description about him. But then at the next scenes, he is depicted clearly. Michael

Foster is a white, cool, good looking, and middle-age man. It can be seen through

his physical appearance from the pictures below:

Picture 1 (00:29:24) Picture 2 (00:43:38)

Picture 3 (00:17:46) Picture 4 (00:38:32)

26

From the picture 1 and 2, Foster is showed as a man who has a thin beard, pointed

nose, and short brown hair. His appearance is simple like the usual person. Foster

is a man who seems happy wearing casual clothes wherever he goes, such as long

or short t-shirt and shirt and jeans. Sometimes, he also gets his cap and sunglasses

to make his appearance good. This characteristic is also supported by picture 3

that explains more about Foster‟s appearance. When Foster goes to the public

places, he never wears something flashy or having many patterns. He just puts his

casual outfit that does not attract people‟s attention around him. His appearance in

this picture also tells about his composure.

From the picture 4, the thing nearby him also supports the establishment of

early assumption that Foster is a simple person who does not like flashy things.

For example, we can see that Foster drives an old car with a dark color. It proves

that as a usual person, Foster does not want to show up who he is and what he has.

This habit is also espoused by the way Foster organizes his house.

Picture 5 (00:55:01) Picture 6 (01:00:05)

Foster had two houses. They were in downtown and town center. From the

color of Foster‟s houses, Foster chose soft color for the interior and did not put

27

much decoration on it. The dialogue below between his wife and the police officer

below also proves that Foster chooses the color of his house himself.

Police Officer : How about this cottage? The red one behind the house.

Foster’s wife : Ours.

Police Officer : What it means? Still owned?

Foster’s wife : Yes, we own it. Michael has been renovating it.

(00:59:58-01:00:11)

From that explanations of his appearance and his habit above, it can be

concluded that Foster is a simple person like the others. There is nothing wrong

with Foster from his outside. He likes to wear casual outfits and does not use

something with flashy colors and have much patterns. These things also show his

composure in his life. In addition, as it can be seen from picture 5 and 6, Foster‟s

houses in the town center and downtown prove that Foster prefers soft colors than

full ones and does not put any decorations on it. He chooses the color by himself,

even his wife said that Foster renovates it. They indicate that Foster does not want

to show who he is.

The next characteristic of Michael Foster is a successful man. As a

successful person, Foster is described as a man who has a good job. From the

dialogue between Foster‟s wife and the police officer below, it can be concluded

what Foster does and where he works.

Police Officer : Where is your husband?

Foster’s Wife : He is working.

Police Officer : Where? Where does he work?

Foster’s Wife : It is downtown. Brent Vista Medical Center. He is a med

tech.

(00:55:24-00:55:30)

28

The quotation above is taken when the police officers went to Foster‟s house to

look for some information about Foster. In that house, they met Foster‟s wife and

his children. After asking his wife where Foster was, they knew that Foster was

working in his office. Foster‟s wife said that her husband worked as a Med Tech

in Brent Vista Medical Center. As we know, med tech or medical technology is a

kind of job which helps to analyze samples of tissue, blood, or other body fluids

to be given to the doctor or other medical industry. This person must have a

certain number of academic trainings and clinical experiences before being able to

practice.

As a med tech, Foster had good education and a number of experiences in

his youth. It means that Foster has a high social status because based on Julie

McMullin, social status can be seen from occupation, education, wealth, and

ownership.44

Furthermore, Foster spent his youth to learn about this field and it

put him in a position where he could be trusted to help doctor or other medical

industry for analyzing samples of body fluids. Thus, his hard work during his life

time made him become a professional med tech. So that, from the explanation

above, we can know that Foster is a successful person in his work.

As a person who has a high social status, Foster‟s success also can be seen

from his wealth. One of his wealth is having several houses in different regions.

The pictures below show his properties.

44

Julie McMullin, Understanding Social Inequality; Intersections of Class, Age, Gender,

Ethnicity, and Race in Canada, (Canada: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 35.

29

Picture 7 (00:54:53) Picture 8 (00:59:26)

The picture 7 shows the region of Foster‟s main house. This house was located in

the town center. This was a house where Foster lived with his wife and sons. In

this house, Foster prepared all things needed by his wife, his sons, and himself.

Besides having the house in town center, Foster had two houses located in the

downtown as they are showed on the picture 8. The houses on picture 8 were his

old house. Foster grew up and spent his youth there with his sister. The houses

became the witness of Foster and his sister‟s separation long time ago. Although

Foster had not lived there anymore, those houses still belonged to him.

Sometimes, Foster went there to check the condition. The quotation of Foster‟s

wife below shows that Foster is the owner of those houses.

Police Officer : Where is this house?

Foster’s wife : It’s where Michael grew up.

Police Officer : Where is it?

Foster’s wife : It’s gone. It burned years ago.

Police Officer : How about this cottage? The red one behind the house.

Foster’s wife : Ours.

Police Officer : What it means? Still owned?

Foster’s wife : Yes, we own it. Michael has been renovating it.

(00:59:40-01:00:11)

30

The quotation above is taken when the police officer came to Foster‟s

house and asked her about the houses in the photo. For the first, she did not give

the clear answer but later she told him that the houses in the photo were theirs and

Foster was renovating it.

From that explanation, it can strengthen the analysis before that Foster is a

successful person. His success is showed by his wealth that consist of having

several houses in different regions; one in the town center and two in the

downtown. Although he does not live in his downtown houses anymore, Foster

remains the legal owner of those houses. He still keeps them and makes sure that

the houses are always in good condition by renovating them because those houses

have much memories with his sister, Melinda.

Another characteristic of Michael Foster in this movie is lovable. He is

described as a man who is full of caring. This characteristic can be seen by the

way Foster loves his sister named Melinda Foster. The pictures below show it.

Picture 9 (00:56:08) Picture 10 (00:56:11)

31

Picture 11 (00:56:30) Picture 12 (01:11:04)

The pictures above show the closeness between Foster and his sister. They grew

up together and spent their childhood with playing and supporting each other.

They looked very happy in every picture they had. Foster liked to express his love

to his sister. Hugging and kissing were his way to show his love. As the youngest

child, Foster really took care of his sister. For example, he supported her to be a

dancer because he knew it was her passion. For Foster, his sister meant everything

and there was no one who could replace her.

Foster is not only a lovable person for his sister, but also for his little

family. Being a husband and father made Foster really loved them. When he was

with his family, Foster always smiled and looked happy. He never showed and

told his family about his problems. Happiness was the only thing he wanted to

share with them.

32

Picture 13 (00:59:23) Picture 14 (01:09:59)

Picture 15 (00:59:18)

Pictures 13 and 14 show Foster‟s position as a father. In the midst of his activity

as a med tech, Foster provided some time to play with his children. They would

go to somewhere and enjoyed their free time. For his children, Foster was the best

father. Those pictures above tell the happiness in their life. It is also supported by

the scene in picture 15. It is taken in Foster‟s office room. He put the photos of his

wife and their sons on the desk. This scene tells us that wherever Foster goes, he

wants to stay close to his family. In the picture 15, hugging his children describes

how deep he loves his children.

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that Foster is lovable.

The way Foster shows his love to his sister and his family attests that they are

important in Foster‟s life. That is why Foster treats them well by supporting each

other and preparing all things they need. For example, Foster espouses his sister,

33

Melinda, when she wants to be a cheerleader. Even Foster works hard to bring

happiness in his marriage‟s life. It proves that Foster is a lovable person. He likes

to kiss and hug his sister and play with his sons in order to show his feeling of

love and cares.

The other characteristic that Foster has is kind. It can be seen from the

Foster‟s wife point of view. She believes in Foster if he will not do something

cruel or put himself in the wrong situation.

Police officer : Would you tell me where you think he may take her?

Foster’s wife : There is no place because Michael would not do

something like that.

(00:59:38-00:59:43)

The quotation above reveals the trust which she gives to her husband. According

to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, kind means „not causing harm or

damage‟.45

It is like what his wife thinks about Foster. She never thought that

Foster would do a crime such as kidnapping and murdering someone like the

police officers told her. She did not believe the officer when he said that Foster

had a problem with himself. In her perspective, Foster‟s attitude to love and take

care of her and their sons was the strong evidence which showed Foster was a

kind man. He gave them so much love and everything they needed. Even she got

speechless when the officers asked her about the photo in Foster‟s office room as

an early allegation where Foster brought his victims.

45

Elizabeth Walter, Cambridge Advance Learner Dictionary 3rd

Edition. (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2008).

34

From the explanation of Foster‟s wife above, it can be concluded that

Foster never does something bad before, something that can harm or hurt

someone around him. He acts like a normal person in front of his family. This

habit makes his wife believe in him. She does not trust for what the police officers

tell to her about her husband. Later, she answers their question in aplomb by

saying that Foster has no place to do a risky thing like that because for her, Foster

is a kind man.

Behind the perfection of his appearance and attitude, Foster had another

dark side which he never let anyone to know. Like a human being in general,

Foster had some bad tempers. It started to appear when he lost his sister, Melinda,

in his young age. After his sister died, Foster‟s characteristics changed. It left a

deep impact on Foster. He was like a coin with two different sides. The first side

was good, but the other one was bad. The death of his sister changed Foster

uncontrollably. His life was cold and meaningless, and the feeling of missing her

sister grew and got deeper and deeper. No one knew his dark side, even his wife.

He just kept it by himself. This unsteady condition made his truly self become

worse. It changed him to be a cruel man.

Picture 16 (00:11:09)

35

Jordan : Okay, listen, whoever this is, the police are on their way right this

second. I suggest you leave the house; before you do anything you

are gonna regret.

Leah : (crying)

Foster : It’s already done.

Leah : (screaming)

Foster : (yelling)

(00:11:05-00:11:32)

The scene in picture 16 and dialogue above are taken when Foster was on his way

to kidnap the girl named Leah Templeton. Leah was alone on her house at that

time because her parents were at the cinema. Foster broke the glass door and

found her in her bedroom, trying to hide herself. But, knowing his victim called

911 for a help, Foster got angry. He grabbed that phone and listened to someone

on the other line. Jordan Turner, 911 operators, who wanted to help Leah, gave a

warning to Foster as it is showed in the quotation above. She said that the

policemen were on their way to find him as soon as possible and it was better for

him to leave the house. Feeling the threatened condition around him, Foster hit

Leah‟s head until she terribly screamed as it is showed on the picture 16.

From the previous explanation, it can be argued that Foster hits his

victim‟s head several times until the victim is unconscious. Basically, hitting

someone is a cruel thing. This thing is exacerbated when the victims‟ gender is

woman. In this case, Foster lost his patience after he knew that Leah called 911

and the police was heading to Leah‟s house to arrest him. To express his anger,

Foster hit Leah‟s head several times to make her quiet and not talk too much to

Jordan who was trying to help her. What Foster does explain that he does not

36

hesitate to be cruel to woman and will do anything to make his plan works. Even

he says “It is already done” to Jordan which means he will not leave the house

before he gets what he wants.

Another proof of Foster‟s sadistic action is showed in the next scenes.

Foster does something cruel again to the others victims. Casey Welson and Jordan

Turner are the example of Foster‟s sadistic action. He hits his victim‟s face or dips

her head to the water‟s pool.

Picture 17 (00:54:06) Picture 18 (01:23:03)

The girl in picture 17 was Casey Welson. She was the second victim of Foster‟s

crime. Casey tried to get a help from an active worker at the gas station by

crawling out of the car. She screamed loudly from the car and her voice caught the

worker‟s attention. In order to help her, this worker got the terrible revenge from

Foster. Foster was angry for what Casey did. After losing his control and killing

that active worker, Foster did something cruel to Casey. He grabbed Casey‟s hand

and hit Casey right on her face until she fainted.

Foster shows his sadist again in the picture 18. It is taken in Foster‟s old

house. Jordan who came to the Foster‟s house in the downtown found a cellar. In

that room, she saw that Foster was starting to slash Casey‟s hair while she was

37

trying to look for the evidences. In order to help the victim, Jordan hits Foster on

his head three times and hoped they could run away from him. Knowing someone

disturbed his action, Foster‟s anger was getting bigger and he started to lose

control. He pulled out Jordan‟s hair, took her to the water‟s pool, and dipped her

head for a long time.

In another scene, Foster does the sadistic action again to a man who wants

to thwart Foster‟s action. The picture below describes Foster‟s action where he

does not hesitate to hit and stab the intruder.

Picture 19 (00:45:34)

A man on picture 19 named Alan Denado. Alan met Foster on the road. He was

suspicious about Foster‟s attitude. Seeing the way Foster spoke and acted were

strange, such as getting nervous and hiding something, Alan decided to follow

Foster‟s car. When Foster threatened Casey to not to do anything in the trunk,

Alan came and asked him if everything was okay. Knowing that Foster sweated a

lot and could not answer him properly, Alan called 911. But, before the call was

connected, Foster hit him first using the shovel hardly. Alan did not give up. He

38

still tried to run away. Foster then grabbed the screwdriver and stabbed him many

times until he passed away.

From the explanations above, Foster‟s action can be categorized as

violence because based on World Health Organization (WHO) cited by Julie

McMullin, violence is „the intentional use of physical force of power, threatened,

or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that

either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death,

psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation‟.46

In this case, what Foster

does is violence because it causes the injury and death. Furthermore, it is

inhumane; especially he did it to women. His attitude is extremely rude. He does

not see whether his enemy is male or female. On the other side, he is not hesitant

about killing them if they are very disturbing. For Foster, what he wants is the

most important thing. He does not allow the others to interfere his affairs. This

pressure led him to act sadistic easily. In the end, killing people is a pleasure on

Foster‟s perspective. That is what he does to people around him who wants to

help his victims.

Foster last bad temper is no remorse. If remorse is a feeling of regret, then

Foster has no remorse. As a person who has this characteristic, he never shows his

regret. He keeps doing what he believes, even it is wrong.

46

Julie McMullin, op. cit. p. 151.

39

Picture 20 (01:20:37)

Picture 21 (01:21:45) Picture 22 (01:21:48)

Actually, when a person feels hesitant on his action, the sense of doubt will be

seen from his eyes. As we see on the pictures above, Foster was in his private

room at his old house in the downtown. He brought his victim named Casey and

wanted to slash her hair. He prepared the tools he needed without hesitation. His

skill as a med tech made him got the tools easily. He strongly believed in what he

was doing. In doing his action, Foster‟ eyes did not show the slightest doubt. He

stared Casey incisively.

The exegesis above reinforces a statement before which is saying Foster

has no remorse. He did not have the hesitancy when he started to slash Casey‟s

hair. In Foster‟s perspective, Casey‟s hair was his sister‟s hair. It represented his

sister, Melinda. So, it was fair if Foster wants to have Casey‟s hair. Foster‟s desire

to have it was a way for Foster to could feel the presence of his sister back. In the

40

end, he never showed the repentance after slashing the scalps and collecting them

in his private room. Whenever he missed his sister, he would go to his private

room and sniffed that scalp. This bad characteristic is also supported by the

dialogue below between Foster and Casey.

Casey : Please, just kill me. Kill me, please. Please, just kill me. Just kill

me. Why won’t you just kill me?

Foster : Hair needs a healthy blood flow. If you are dead, (pause)

Casey : No, please stop, please.

Foster : Then it dies to

Casey : Stop, please.

Foster : I’m sorry but I can’t. I can’t. (Slashing her scalp and crying) I

can’t stop.

(01:21:09-01:21:54)

The dialogue above is taken after Foster prepared the tools for doing his action

and started to slash her scalp. Casey asked him why he did not kill her from the

beginning because it would make it easier. It is also supported by Foster‟s words

which are saying he could not stop. Later, he slashed her scalp slowly, without

hesitation, although Casey screamed loudly feeling the pain. Her screaming made

Foster cry because he remembered Melinda and the pain that she felt in losing her

hair.

That explanation strengthens the early statement that Foster has no

remorse. As a human being, feeling and showing your sorry about something

wrong you have done is a basic of life. But for Foster, it will never happen on

him. He always thinks of his sister and it makes him lose his sanity. What he

believes is the rightness of his action. That is why Foster cannot stop his action or

41

kill his victim from the beginning. And in the end of his crime, Foster never feels

sorry for what he does.

From the all explanations above, the characteristics of Michael Foster are

young, white, good looking, and middle-aged. He is also responsible, charitable,

and successful. He builds his own life with his wife and two sons. For them,

Foster is kind and never does a mistake. But on the other side, Foster has some

bad tempers, such as cruel, sadistic, and no remorse. They indicate that Foster has

personality problem which is caused by the death of his sister, Melinda Foster,

many years ago. Furthermore, Foster‟s personality problem will be discussed in

the next discussion.

B. Personality Structure of Michael Foster

The Call was a movie about Michael Foster who could not refuse or rebut

his feeling for collecting the girls‟ scalps. In doing his action, Foster did not

infrequently kill people around him. During six months from his last case, he

lived normal like other people. He spent his time with his family and his job as a

medical technician. There was no news that talked about kidnapping or looked for

the missing person.

The choice of name of Foster itself has the meaning which relates to his

personality. According to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, “Foster”

means condition where he or she connected with the care of a child for a limited

time, without being the child‟s legal parents.47

This meaning relates to Foster

personality. Foster was not the only child. He had an older sister he loved the

47

Elizabeth Walter, op. cit.

42

most. His sister took care of him since they were young and Foster relied on his

sister. Both of them grew up together without the presence of parents in their life.

Their relationship became stronger. It put Foster in a moment where his sister was

like his soul mate. Like the meaning of his name, the time that Foster and his

sister have is limited. One day, his sister died and left Foster forever because of

cancer.

Actually, Foster‟s personality problem had begun when he was child. This

movie described Foster as a brother and husband without any details of his

parents. It meant there was something happened in Foster‟s childhood that caused

trauma. That trauma then leads to a personality problem where Foster‟s id, ego,

and superego are unbalanced.

As human being, our perfect behavior is arranged by three important

components; id, ego, and superego. These components must work equally to get

the maximum action and healthy personality. Based on Richard P., there are three

casual factors that make someone has personality problem. One of several factors

is family relationship in which a person loses his parents at his early age through

the separation or divorce.48

This experience, gained in psychosexual development

stage, has a great affect in someone‟s personality and character as he is adult.

According to Freud cited in Ferdinand, a traumatic experience is the most

influential and this sustained trauma will affect the next stages in psychosexual

48

Richard P. Halgin and Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Abnormal Psychology (New York:

McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007), p. 316.

43

development.49

So that, the result of this imperfection stages is an unbalanced

personality.

In this case, Foster had uncompleted psychosexual development in his oral

stage50

cause of the absence of his parents in life. There were no parts in this

movie which illustrated how the relationship between Foster and his parents were.

Later, the role of parents was taken over by his sister, Melinda Foster. Her ability

to take on that role was able to reduce the imbalance in Foster‟s personality.

Furthermore, Foster depended on Melinda psychologically.

The imbalance of Foster‟s personality was aggravated by the death of

Melinda. As her brother, Foster loved and took care his sister so much. They

shared their joys and sorrows when they were together. Foster knew that his sister

really enjoyed her life. Until her disease made her lose her blonde hair. At the end

of her time, Melinda became bald. Foster was sad seeing Melinda‟s bad condition.

He knew how she really loved her hair. When she started to lose her hair, Foster

was getting sick of it. That event left a deepest trace on Foster‟s life and became

the unforgettable moment Foster always remembered.

That incident ruined Foster‟s personality which was not balanced from the

beginning. The desire for her sister and Melinda‟s role as the surrogate parents

were too big in controlling himself. He needed to express his desire and his

feeling for her sister, especially the bad thing that happened in his sister‟s last

49

Ferdinand Zaviera, Op. Cit., p. 115. 50

According to Freud, there are 5 stages of psychosexual development. They are oral

stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and genital stage. Oral stage occurs during the first

year of life. It is a condition when a baby experiences the world through his mouth by sucking his

mother‟s nipple. It means a baby needs the role of parents, especially his mother. If there are

imperfections in this stage, it will have an impact in the next stage.

Ibid., p. 110&115.

44

time. Foster‟s inability to express and show them made him found another way

and object for reduce the anxiety and avoid the pain. The following discussion

will explain how Foster is controlled by his strong desire and how the personality

structure of him has the big role of doing Foster‟s action.

From the previous analysis, Foster shows that he gets the bad experiences

in his past; first is the absence of parents and second is the death of Melinda. Both

of those accidents influence Foster‟s action in his present time where his id, ego,

and superego become increasingly unbalanced. The desire and impulse coming

from id are too big to controlled and his superego is too weak to seek for the

perfection and judge the id‟s effort in getting pleasure. On the other hand, Foster‟s

ego is unable to balance his personal needs and wishes with his social duties and

realistic limitations. That unstable personality creates the conflict between the id

and superego. For preventing this conflict and maintaining superego‟s stability

with reality, Foster‟s ego uses some defense mechanisms.

Picture 23 (00:56:05) Picture 24 (01:11:10)

45

Picture 25 (00:59:26)

The first two images, pictures 23 and 24, are Melinda Foster, Foster‟s sister. The

pictures above show us how she looks like in her daily. Melinda was described as

a beautiful girl who had shoulder-length blonde hair and was around 20 years old.

During her life time, she joined a cheerleader team. As a cheerleader, her hair was

her crown and her body was really slim and tall as they are seen on picture 25.

From that picture, it can be seen that Melinda and Foster are so close. She takes

care of her brother and Foster really loves her. He likes giving a kiss and hug to

show his love and support to his sister.

The explanations above show that Melinda is a beautiful and talented girl.

In her youth, she joins the cheerleader team and gets the support from Foster. The

absence of parents‟ role in Foster‟s life puts Melinda as an important part of

Foster‟s life. She gives much impact on Foster and influences Foster‟s

personality. Melinda‟s existence in Foster‟s life is able to fill the role of parents

which is needed by him. Until the day of Melinda‟s death comes.

The feeling of loss subsequently changes into a desire which grows in the

Foster‟s id. This desire is greater and greater as time goes by and becomes an

46

unwanted impulse. The ego, that feels threatened by this impulse, tries to reduce it

by pushing down the impulse to the unconscious. This process called repression.51

By doing repression, Foster‟s ego manages to get its balance again. The

ego guides Foster to find the pleasure (id) and the perfection (superego) from

being a medical technician for it relates to Melinda‟s illness. In this case, Foster‟s

superego works well. This job helps Foster‟s ego to reduce the impulse and

express the desire of Melinda through the medical devices. So that, Foster can

start to live his own live without any shadows of Melinda‟s past. It can be seen

from the appearance of his wife below that does not have similarity with Melinda.

Picture 26 (00:59:17) Picture 27 (01:00:01)

From those pictures, there is no similarity between Foster‟s wife and

Melinda. His wife is described as a beautiful woman with short black hair and

medium weight. It is contrary to the Melinda‟s appearance as mentioned earlier.

So that, it can be concluded that the process of repression that the ego does is

success in pushing down the impulse. The impulse is transformed into a good

51

Repression is a kind of defense mechanism to reduce the anxiety by pushing down the

impulse to the unconscious. The impulse must be something that is uncomfortable.

Jess Feist &Gregory J. Feist, op. cit., p. 35.

47

effort where Foster works as a med tech. Finally, it forms Foster‟s characteristics

in good side; kind, responsible, and lovable husband and father.

But apparently, this process cannot last long. The impulse which is muted

by the ego does not change. It forces to enter into the consciousness and creates

the greater anxiety. This anxiety is difficult to controlled by Foster. He feels

himself gripped by the anxiety. To avoid this pain, Foster‟s ego transforms the

impulse into other forms. This process called displacement. Displacement, based

on Ferdinand Zaviera, is a way to show up an impulse through adopting a disguise

that is directly opposite its original form.52

By using this defense mechanism,

Foster‟s ego consciously takes control of the id in satisfying the impulse.

Furthermore, his ego guides Foster to look for another object that can reduce his

untouchable tension to stabilize the anxiety that exists within him.

As mentioned earlier, there were no scenes of Foster‟s parents and Foster

got the imperfect of his oral stage. A person in this condition will tend to want the

things associated with the mount, such as eat, drink, sniff, smoke, and many

more.53

That happened to Foster when he was adult. The scenes below show that

Foster loves to kiss his sister named Melinda Foster.

52

Ferdinand Zaviera, op. cit. p. 109. 53

Ibid., p. 115.

48

Picture 28 (00:56:11) Picture 29 (01:11:42)

From pictures above, Foster kisses Melinda as a result of the imperfection

in his oral stage, where his id cannot get the pleasure by sucking his mother‟s

nipple. This satisfaction should be obtained when a person is in the oral stage.

But, in Foster‟s case, this stage develops imperfectly and has an impact when

Foster was adult. Foster‟s id demands the satisfaction and the ego tries to push the

tension by changing the object; nipples to mouth. Later, Melinda becomes the

appropriate object in getting the pleasure by kissing her mouth. Doing this action,

the tension in Foster‟s id can be reduced slowly. The process of displacement that

Foster‟s ego does here is changing the motive of sucking the nipples to kissing. In

this part, Foster‟s ego is in a condition where it is a good connector between id

and superego. Although they work with different principle, the ego maintains the

stable relationship between them; id gets the satisfaction, superego feels the

perfection, and ego finds the appropriate object. Finally, the changing of impulse

can be accepted socially and culturally.

Actually, the defense mechanism, which is done by ego, is to reduce all

impulses from id. So, the impulses changes into something that can be accepted

by society. However, if the anxiety is too big and dominant, the process of

defense mechanism can turn into bad things. The death of Melinda becomes the

49

great cause of that change. Foster‟s youth was the moment that Foster

remembered the most. He could not forget his sister, what happened to her, and

how tormented she was struggling from her cancer. When his sister died, Foster

lost something in his life and it left a serious trace in Foster‟s personality that was

already unbalanced. Those feelings become the impulse which pushes Foster‟s

ego to do the repression. But, the result is the greater anxiety. So, Foster‟s ego

relooks for the object in the real world to displace Melinda. Furthermore, his ego

consciously guides Foster to do something in order to get the satisfaction. So that,

the pressure in the ego becomes less. The process of Foster‟s ego displacement

can be seen below.

Picture 30 (00:07:30) Picture 31 (00:17:58)

The two pictures above are Foster‟s victims. The girl on picture 30 was Leah

Templeton and the girl on picture 31 was Casey Welson. Leah was described as a

young girl who was pretty, tall, and had a blonde hair. Besides, Casey was around

twenties that was talkative, funny, beautiful, and also had blonde hair. As it is

seen on those pictures, both of them have the similarities with Foster‟s sister,

Melinda. They are around 20 years old, beautiful and have healthy shoulder-

length blonde hair.

50

From the description above, it can be analyzed that Foster still thinks

about his sister‟s image even though she died many years ago. This condition

makes Foster cannot express his feeling towards her because the object, Melinda,

does not exist. Unconsciously, that dominant feeling controls Foster. Later,

Foster‟s ego guides Foster to look for the girls who have the shoulder-length

blonde hair and kidnap them in order to satisfy the id by slashing their scalps.

Foster‟s superego, in this condition, is too weak because of the dominance id. So,

the superego is unable to tell him that these actions are contrary to the moral value

because slashing means doing harmful. Foster‟s ego tries to consider the demands

of id and satisfies them. Finally, by kidnapping the girls, his ego could reduce the

tension in Foster‟s id. This situation explicates that Foster is fully controlled by

his dominant id which really wants to show the feeling of love to his sister. And

Foster‟s superego is too weak to negotiate with the id about moral standard.

Actually, kidnaping and slashing the scalps are not new case that Foster

does in his life. Foster had done it for many years. After he lost his sister, he

started to collect the girls‟ scalp that had shoulder-length blonde hair like his

sister. It can be seen from the picture below.

Picture 32 (01:19:01)

51

From the death of his sister, it can be seen that Foster had collected many scalps

as it is seen on picture 32. He did and put the scalps in his sister‟s room that he

prepared at his old house. In that room, Foster had a refrigerator. It was used to

keep the scalps in order to put them in a good condition. Those scalps could

reduce the tension in Foster‟s id for a while because Foster could not find the

exact same scalp with his sister‟s. Besides, the scalp‟s condition that no longer

exist made Foster still looked for another scalp to satisfy his id.

Based on the explanation above, it can be known that Foster is controlled

by his id started from the death of his sister. Foster‟s id is in fully charge to

choose what Foster must do and take an action. He cannot think properly or

decide whether it is right or wrong. On the other side, Foster‟s ego cannot reduce

the urge coming from Foster‟s id that wants to get the satisfaction by getting the

displacement of his sister. It is too dominant to be controlled where his superego

demands the perfection. What Foster‟s ego does unconsciously is still looking for

another objects to satisfy the id.

Another form of displacement in Foster also appears in another scene.

After kidnapping the girls and slashing their scalp, Foster kept them in the

refrigerator. Foster described those scalps as the symbol of his sister, Melinda.

The following pictures below show how it is.

52

Picture 33 (01:18:14) Picture 34 (01:18:34)

It can be seen from the pictures above that after getting the scalps, Foster sniffed

and talked to them. The feeling of missing her sister that Foster felt over the years

increases the tension in his id. It forced the ego to satisfy the id again in other

ways. For reducing that tension, Foster‟s ego transformed the impulse from

Foster‟s id became another thing besides kidnaping the girls and getting their

scalp.

The description above shows Foster‟s ego effort to reduce the tension and

satisfy the id again. The impulse is transformed in form of imagination; Melinda

revived. This stage forces ego to indicate another way to manage the satisfaction

in id and the perfection in superego. The process of getting the pleasure is by

sniffing the scalps and talking to them as they are regarded as a representation of

Melinda, where he can show and express his feeling towards her. The actions

Foster taken above is fully controlled by his id. It is also the form of continuation

of the imperfection of psychosexual development associated with the mouth. By

sniffing the scalps and talking to them which is similar with Melinda‟s, Foster‟s id

53

gets the satisfaction and pleasure and the tension coming from his id can be

reduced. Moreover, the demand from superego for can be fulfilled.

The conflict between Foster‟s id, ego, and superego appears in another

scene. After kidnapping Casey, his second victim, Foster brought her to his old

house. He put her on the surgical chair which was already prepared by him. When

Foster was preparing the tools, Casey asked him why he did not kill her. The

quotation below shows the situation.

Casey : Please, just kill me. Kill me, please. Please, just kill me. Just kill

me. Why won’t you just kill me?

Foster : Hair needs a healthy blood flow. If you are dead, (pause)

Casey : No, please stop, please.

Foster : Then it dies to

Casey : Stop, please.

Foster : I’m sorry but I can’t. I can’t. (Slashing her scalp and crying) I

can’t stop.

(01:21:10-01:21:56)

From the dialogue above, we know that what Foster‟s ego does is to get

Casey‟s blonde hair and give the pleasure for the id. In addition, Melinda‟s

condition, who dies without having the hair, makes Foster become obsessed with

the blonde hair. Foster‟s action that looks for the blonde hair on girls and slashes

their scalps become Foster‟s ego. When Foster‟s ego tries to satisfy the id, the ego

also finds the obstacle from the superego. But, the ego knows what makes its

effort reach the goal. On the other side, the demand of id is contrary to the one of

54

superego‟s subsystem54

, called conscience. However, because of the dominance of

id, the feeling of guilt arises.

The analysis above explicates that id in Foster self who wants to get and

have Casey‟s blonde hair is dominant. Foster cannot stop doing his action even

though he knows it is contrary to the moral value. It is because his id is more

dominant than his superego. His ego realizes that to satisfy the id, the ego should

keep do the slashing scalp. It is because Casey‟s hair is similar with Foster‟s sister

and the scalp needs fresh blood to stay healthy. If Foster kills her, it means the

hair also dies. This condition makes Foster does not kill Casey from the

beginning. Besides getting the pleasure, the process of slashing also brings the

uncomfortable memory that Foster pushed down over years ago. He cries when he

sees Casey because he remembers the pain Melinda felt while slowly losing her

hair.

The last defense mechanism that Foster‟s ego unconsciously does is

projection. According to Morgan, projection means attributing someone‟s own

motives, ideas, or feelings to someone else.55

It is done by the ego because of the

excessive anxiety. To repress it, the ego transforms the impulse to the external

object.

In Foster‟s case, kidnapping someone is not a good thing. It means there

will always be an obstacle in doing this action. When it happens, blaming

54

The superego has two subsystems, the conscience and the ego-ideal. The conscience

results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not

do, whereas the ego-ideal develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us

what we should do. Guilt is the ego acts contrary to the moral standards of superego.

Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist, ibid., p. 30. 55

Clifford T. Morgan & Richard A. King, Introduction to Psychology, fourth edition,

(Japan: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1971), p. 376.

55

someone is form of projection that Foster‟s ego does as a way to reduce the

anxiety. Foster kidnaps some girls who have the similarity with his sister,

Melinda, just to get their scalp. Foster‟s desire to get their blonde hair gets the

resistance or obstacle from some people around him. Realizing there are some

resistances, Foster‟s id produces the anxiety excessively. Foster‟s ego realizes it,

but his id is too dominant to take down the anxiety and still wants to get the

satisfaction. In ordering to push down the anxiety, Foster‟s ego finds the external

object; Casey. Foster blames all action he does on her. He acts as if all the trouble

is done by Casey.

Picture 35 (00:37:23) Picture 36 (00:39:44)

From those pictures, we can see that in fulfilling his dominant id, Foster found

some troubles. The first trouble came from Alan Denado when Foster kidnapped

Casey, his second victim. Alan who was on the same road with Foster found the

oddity on him. It was started from the car lights which were gone and spilled

paint. The way Foster answered Alan‟s questions and Foster‟s sudden action

gained the curiosity on Alan. Then, Alan chose following Foster‟s car and

interrupting his action. Foster was angry for what Alan does. First, after knowing

Foster‟s oddity, Alan called 911 to report his action. Before the call was

56

connected, Foster hit him on his head using the shovel. Second, Alan still tried to

run away from Foster. Knowing his action, Foster stabbed Alan many times using

the screwdriver he had on his car until he passed away. Then, he blamed Casey

for what he did.

Picture 37 (00:53:27) Picture 38 (00:53:40)

The second trouble came at the gas station. When Foster wanted to refuel his car,

Casey tried to attract an active worker‟s attention at the gas station by yelling. Her

scream attracted the worker‟s attention. Knowing that there was a girl which was

asking for help, that worker tried to help her out of the car. Before he could help

Casey, Foster sprayed him with gasoline and threw a lighter at him. He was

burned alive by Foster.

From the explanation above, Foster kills people around him who want to

help Casey. First, he kills Alan by stabbing him. Second, he burns the active

worker to get rid of him. Because of the imperfection of psychosexual

development in the beginning, his ego becomes weak for being a good connector

between the id and the superego. The id wants his demands to be met; his ego is

completely influenced by his id where killing is the ego‟s effort to fulfill the

demands of id and blaming is a way to reduce the anxiety; his superego realizes

57

that killing is contrary to the moral standard but still needs the perfection. In

Foster‟s perspective, killing them is a good way. Foster‟s id considers that it is the

fastest way to get rid of them. Besides, Foster is influenced by his dominant id.

After killing them, the anxiety grows excessively. Later, the ego guides Foster to

blame all his action on Casey as it can be seen from the quotation below

Foster : Look what you’ve made me do.

He is died because of you

Casey : Oh my God. No! No! No!

Foster : Shut up! (Hit her on her face)

Casey : Please, don’t do. No! No! (Screaming)

(00:41:55-00:42:40)

The quotation above explicates that Foster does not want to admit that he is the

only one who kills Alan and the active worker from gas station. Foster‟s id sends

the impulse to Foster‟s ego that there is a disruption around him. Foster‟s ego that

gets the excessive anxiety from the id unconsciously uses defense mechanism

named projection. This defense mechanism helps Foster to avoid the unpleasant

emotion from the trouble he did by ascribing his mistake to Casey. Casey is a

medium to dispense the anxiety. Foster refuses the fact that he kills people just to

keep Casey by his side. His id influences him by saying Casey causes all troubles.

He defends himself by blaming Casey for what he does. In this case, Foster‟s id

takes control of Foster and his ego is forced to satisfy his id by reducing the

anxiety using projection.

Based on the analyses above, Foster suffers a personality problem which is

caused by the absence of parents in his life. His psychosexual development

58

becomes imperfect. But, the presence of Melinda, his sister, can reduce the

imbalance. She takes the parents‟ role in Foster‟s life. The imbalance of Foster‟s

personality structure is aggravated by the death of Melinda. He loses the

important part of his life. The anxiety which comes from the id is big. To restore

his self-image and avoid the excessive anxiety, Foster‟s ego uses defense

mechanism, such as repression, displacement and projection. All of them are done

by Foster‟s ego when Foster‟s id takes control on Foster and Foster‟s superego

cannot maintain it due to the weakness.

But, the impulse which is pushed down in the process of repression forces

to enter into the consciousness. It builds the great anxiety. So that, Foster‟s ego

does displacement. The forms of displacement that Foster‟s ego does is

kidnapping the girls who have similarities with his sister‟s. Foster‟s sister,

Melinda, has a shoulder-length blonde hair that becomes her trademark. She loses

her hair when she dies. It leaves a big impact on Foster and further exacerbates

Foster‟s personality structure. He obsesses with the blonde hair for it represents

Melinda. Later, after kidnapping those girls, Foster slashes their scalp and keeps

them in his private room. It is done by him to displace the feeling of missing her

sister that he cannot expresses. Besides, the result of imperfection in his oral stage

also influences the ego to get the satisfaction by doing a thing associated with the

mouth to displace his mother‟s nipple.

In doing his action, Foster has to face some disturbances coming from

people around him. To get rid of them, Foster should kill them and he blames all

his action on his second victim named Casey as a form of projection that his id

59

does. From Foster‟s actions, it explicates that Foster‟s id takes full control against

Foster‟s ego. The id forces Foster‟s ego to satisfy what the id wants. Foster‟s ego

which is too weak and his superego that wants to get the perfection cannot

maintain that urge coming from the id. Therefore, all of Foster‟s action is

controlled by his dominant id.

60

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

The thesis analyzes about the movie by Robert Anderson, The Call. The focus

of the study is to reveal the character and characterization of Michael Foster and his

personality problem viewed from Sigmund Freud’s Personality Structure where our

complex behavior has three important parts: id, the source of all needs; ego, the

decision making of personality; superego that stands for moralistic principle. Using

descriptive qualitative method, the writer finds out the character and characteristic of

Michael Foster. Michael Foster’s characteristics are divided into two sides; good and

bad. He is a young, white, good looking, middle-aged man who is responsible,

lovable, and successful. However, another characteristic of Foster are rude, lack of

remorse, and no empathy person.

Based on the analyses, the theory of Sigmund Freud is relevant to the movie

analyses. In the movie, Michael Foster has personality problem where his personality

structure cannot work balanced and well. It is caused by the absence of parents in his

life and aggravated by the death of his sister, Melinda in the past. The absence of

parents in Foster’s life makes his psychosexual development become incomplete and

influences the next stages. Melinda as a sister takes that role and is able to reduce

Foster’s unstable personality. But, after the death of her, it becomes worse.

61

The feeling of missing and desire to express his love become Foster’s

dominant id that pushes the ego to satisfy them. In order to reducing those urge,

Foster’s ego unconsciously uses defense mechanism to restore his self-image and

reduce the anxiety. The defense mechanism that Foster does is in many ways, such as

repression, displacement and projection.

By using those defense mechanism, the ego guides Foster to do an action and

satisfy the id by getting another object. Foster then kidnaps the girls which have

shoulder-length blonde hair and slash their scalp. It is because the scalp represents

Melinda. It is done by him to displace the feeling of missing her sister that he cannot

expresses. Sometimes, Foster finds the troubles and kill people who disturb his

action. In order to avoid the conflict between id and superego, the ego unconsciously

blames it to Foster’s second victim. He attributes his emotion and feeling to her by

saying all troubles are caused by her.

Foster’s id takes control against Foster’s ego in every way. Foster’s ego which

is too weak and his superego that needs the perfection cannot maintain or hold that

urge in Foster’s id. Therefore, all of Foster’s action is fully controlled by his

dominant id. If someone is too controlled by the id, he or she will be commanded by

impulses or selfish desires. If someone is controlled by the superego, he or she will be

rigid, moralistic, or bossy. If someone has a weak ego, he or she cannot manage

emotions and find compromises among competing demands.

62

B. Suggestion

In this research, the writer has analyzed The Call using personality structure

by Sigmund Freud to see personality problem that is experienced by Michael Foster.

Actually, there are some interesting things in this movie that can be analyzed by

another theory, such as gender discrimination, anxiety disorders, and representation.

63

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APPENDICES