An Airline Perspective on the implementation of

new systems

SEMINAR ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DATALINK AND SATCOM

COMMUNICATIONS

Bangkok

Thailand, 17-19 November 2003 Kors van den Boogaard

Assistant Director CNS

International Scheduled Traffic

95% of

IATA Today

• Founded in 1945

• 274 Member Airlines in August 2003

Over 90 Offices Worldwide

Present Status Industry

• Total losses since 9/11 US$25 billion• Expected losses 2003 US$10 billion• Loading: Rising – Yield: Falling• Airports and Air Navigation Charges

US$40 billion annually: Rising !

Why a new system ?

• Safety• Capacity• Efficiency

– Service improvement– Service costs– System costs

Technology is not the driver but the enabler !

Airspace volume/capacity

Communication

NAVIGATION

SURVEILLA

NCEATMATM

A T S“AirspaceAirspace”V o l u m e

Air Traffic Infrastructure: Flight Efficiency

CCDDMM

D/L Subnetworks (VHF, VDL M-2,3,4, UAT, Mode-S, SATCOM, HFDL, Gatelink)ATS Datalink (ATN), (AOC, ACARS)

GNSS (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS)GBAS (LAAS) SBAS (EGNOS/WAAS) GBAS (LAAS)

CPDLC + VOICECPDLC + VOICE

Mode-S Surv., ADS, ADS-b, ASASMode-S Surv., ADS, ADS-b, ASAS

COMMUNICATION

SURVEILLANCE

NA

VIG

ATI

ON

ATM

A-SMGCS A-SMGCST.O

. Gu

idan

ce

RN

P <

= 1

RNP RNAV

Lan

din

g G

uid

ance

RN

P <

= 1RVSM

MLS

GLS

ILS

FLIGHT (efficiency) Block-time

FUNCTIONS

ENABLERS

“LEGACY SYSTEMS”: VHF, HF, ILS, VOR, DME (ADF, MB, OMEGA)

COMMUNICATIONFunction, protocol, link

• The function itself: partly on the ground (ATC), partly in air: (cockpit).

• A protocol to establish contact• A link to provide connectivity • All 3 elements require investment and

operating cost, only the “function” will provide benefit.

FANS-1/ACPDLC/ADS

ACARSACARS

VHF COMMSATCOM

HFDL

ACARSACARS

FANS-1/ACPDLC/ADS

FUNCTIONALITY

AIR

GROUND

Function SubnetworkProtocol

REQUIREMENTS

Air- Ground Data Link, point-to-point

ICAOCPDLC/ADS

ATNATN

VDL M-2

ATNATN

ICAOCPDLC/ADS

FUNCTIONALITY

AIR

GROUND

Function SubnetworkProtocol

REQUIREMENTS

Air- Ground Data Link, point-to-point

Converging to one solution for ATS Data-Link?

USA/CANUSA/CAN

(ICAO)(ICAO)CPDLCCPDLCBuild 1Build 1Build 1aBuild 1aBuild 2Build 2

EUREUR

(ICAO)(ICAO)

CPDLCCPDLCLINKLINK2000+2000+

Trans-atlanticCPDLC/ADSFANS-1/A

CapacitySafety

CapacitySafety

Efficiency

Communication Lines

VHFVDL Mode 2

SATCOM

SATCOM

BROADCAST(DATA)

POINTTO

POINT(VOICE

+DATA)

Mode-Ssquitter

VDL Mode 4

BROADCAST mediaalternatives

(GALILEO)GPS

UAT

Functionality

VHFVDL Mode 2

Functionality

SATCOM

ATC ATC

HF(DL)

HF(DL)

POINTTO

POINT(VOICE

+DATA)

Airlines and Communication

• The requirement– to ensure safety – to conduct business efficiently– to provide service to the passengers

• Adequate capacity– restrictions in air traffic– reduced efficiency– passengers satisfaction

• Increased reliance – reduction of separation – information need to support operations– new applications

The Basic Needs

• Adequate capacity/Radio Spectrum • Global connectivity• Global interoperability• Scalability• Support Data/Voice/Video• Support for all classes of

communication traffic• Cost effective

How to satisfy the need ?

• Maintain present voice system– 25 kHz– Extend the use of 8.33 kHz if necessary

• Encourage the introduction of data communications for ATS:– ACARS– Satcom/HF data– AOA– FANS 1/A– VDL Mode 2– Mode ES

Development of one global common communication infrastructure

European Frequency Congestion

How not to proceed

2003

8.33 /25 kHzVDL Mode 2

VDL Mode 4VDL Mode 3

2020

2015

Additional capacity ?

New Operational Concept

New Operational Concept

How to proceed

2003

8.33 /25 kHzVDL Mode 2

VDL Mode 4VDL Mode 3

2020

2015

New Operational Concept

New Operational Concept

New SystemDefinition.

Mobile. TelecomTechn.

2007ITU WRC 2007

Standards

Impl.

Dependent SURVEILLANCEFunction, Enabler

• A surveillance function resides in all aircraft (in a given (air)space) and at ANSP-facilities.

• Both Communication and Navigation contribute to a surveillance function.

• Navigation to provide the aircraft’s position (4D) and

• Communication to relay the message to all parties interested (broadcast).

“LEGACY SYSTEMS”: VHF, HF, ILS, VOR, DME (ADF, MB, OMEGA)

Air Traffic Infrastructure: Surveillance example

D/L Subnetworks (VHF, VDL M-2,3,4, UAT, Mode-S, SATCOM, HFDL, Gatelink)ATS Datalink (ATN), (AOC, ACARS)

GNSS (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS)GBAS (LAAS) SBAS (EGNOS/WAAS) GBAS (LAAS)

Mode-S Surv., ADS, ADS-b, ASASMode-S Surv., ADS, ADS-b, ASAS

COMMUNICATION

SURVEILLANCE

NA

VIG

ATI

ON

ATM

FLIGHT (efficiency) Block-time

ADS-bADS-b

4, UAT, Mode-S4, UAT, Mode-S

GPS, GALILEOGPS, GALILEO

FUNCTIONS

ENABLERS

Need for ADS-B ?

• Safety– Ground infrastructure costs

• Security ?• Efficiency

– Enhancement present procedures

• Capacity– Enhancement of present procedures– New ATM regime

• Costs– Service/System costs

ADS-B Infrastructure costs

• Airborne infrastructure– One link -8 billion (80-90% integration)– Two links –10 billion

• Ground station infrastructure– One link 2 billion – Two links 2. 5 billion– ATC integration ?

Capacity/EfficiencyPushing the present system

into a new ATM Regime

Enhanced Surveillance

Capacity

ADS-B Single link ADS-B Second link

ATMCapacity

Transition to new ATM

Regime

Time

Traffic growth

Delay costs

Surveillance costsGround

Infrastructure Surveillance

Costs

TimeADS-B Single link ADS-B Second link

Traffic growth

C1A1C2

A2

Reduction in surveillance cost per aircraft:

C1/A1 C2/A2

IATA position

• ADS-B Prime enabler of new ATM concept

• Early cost efficient implementation – Extension TCAS -1090 ES

• Phased implementation• Global interoperability

Business case !

Scenario

TCAS

VDL Mode 4

Mode ES

UATMode ESTIS-B TIS-B

Europe US

Result !

• Resources wasted• Complexity of multiple links• Double/Triple infrastructure costs

What needs to be done

• Clearly identify/quantify role/benefit ADS-B in new ATM concepts

• Plan ADS-B implementation on a Regional basis conform ATM improvements

• Maintain principle of global systems

What are the basic questions?

• When a new system• Usage/Functionality• Selection• Standardization• Certification• Implementation

– Voluntary/ Mandatory

Capacity/Efficiency BenefitsBenefits