am ch.2 remote sensing data collection
TRANSCRIPT
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AM
www.Remote-Sensing.info
Ch.2 Remote Sensing Data Collection
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Overview
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Linear Array CCD
Linear Array CCD Flatbed Digitizer
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Digitization
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Digitization
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Remote Sensing System used for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data Collection
• Scanner:
(TM, GOES)
• Pushbroom:
(SPOT, IKONOS)
• Whiskbroom:
(AVIRIS, MODIS)
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Remote Sensing System used for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data Collection
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Chronological Launch and Retirement History of the Landsat Satellite Series
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Inclination of the Landsat Orbit to Maintain A Sun-synchronous Orbit
Landsat Multispectral Scanning System (MSS/ TM) Orbit
99Þ
Landsat at 12:30 p.m. local time
Equatorial plane and
direction of Earth
rotation
Landsat at 9:42 a.m. local time
N
S
Orbit 16, day 2Orbit 2, day 1
Orbit 15, day 2Orbit 1, day 1
185 km wide
2875 km at equator
159 km
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Landsat 4 and 5 Worldwide Reference System
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Landsat 4 and 5 Platform with Associated Sensor and Telecommunication Systems
High-gain antenna
Multispectral Scanner (MSS)
Solar array panel
Thematic Mapper
(TM)
Global positioning system antenna
Attitude control module
Propulsion module
Power module
High-gain antenna
Multispectral Scanner (MSS)
Solar array panel
Thematic Mapper
(TM)
Global positioning system antenna
Attitude control module
Propulsion module
Power module
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Spectral and Spatial Resolution of the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), SPOT 1, 2, and 3 High Resolution Visible (HRV), and SPOT 4 High Resolution Visible Infrared (HRVIR) Sensor Systems
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Seven Bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper Data of Charleston, SC, Obtained on February 3, 1994
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Reflectance of the Upper Surface of A Sycamore Leaf at Different Moisture Contents
Per
cent
Ref
lect
ance
(rel
ativ
e to
MgO
)
Wavelength (µ m)0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
10
0
30
40
50
60
20Moisture content
301%154%
49%16%
Thematic Mapper bands
Reflectance of the Upper Surface of a Sycamore Leaf at Different Moisture Contents
0.8
Pigmen- tation
Internal leaf structure Leaf moisture content
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Landsat 7 Image of Palm Spring, CA
30 x 30 m (bands 4,3,2 = RGB)
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Landsat 7 Image of Palm Spring, CA
30 x 30 m (bands 7,4,2 = RGB)
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GOES East and West Coverage
NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
GOES: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
140ÞE 180ÞE 20ÞE
Useful GOES coverage
Communication range
GOES West
GOES East
140ÞW 100ÞW 60ÞW 20ÞW
GOES West
GOES East
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GOES Imager Optical Elements
D
D
D
D
D Visible detectors (8)
Spectral balance filter
Dichroic beamsplitter (Db) Db
Collimating lens
Mirror Primary mirror
Secondary mirror
Mirror
Mirror
Db
focus lens
vacuum window
cooler window
10.7 m
12 m
6.75 m
3.9 m
Collimating lens
filter
filter
filter
Depolarizer
Visible bandpass filter
Radiant flux () from the terrain
4
5
3
2
1
filter
0.52 – 0.72 m
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GOES East and West Coverage
GOES East Infrared
August 25, 1989
GOES East Visible
August 25, 1989
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GOES East August 25, 1989
GOES East Infrared GOES East Visible
GOES East Water Vapor
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Remote Sensing System used for Multispectral and
Hyperspectral Data Collection
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Chronological Launch History of the SPOT Satellites
SPOT 505/03-05/04, 2002Ariane 4 launcher
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SPOT Satellite System Components
Courtesy of SPOT Image, Inc.
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SPOT Off -NADIR View
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SPOT Off -NADIR Revisit Capabilities
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Comparison of the Detail of30 x 30 m Landsat TM Band 3 Data and SPOT 10 x 10 m Panchromatic
Data of Charleston, SC
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Geographic Coverage of the SPOT HRV and Landsat Thematic Mapper Remote Sensing Systems
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Portion of the First Global 10-day Synthesis Image Produced Using the SPOT Vegetation
Sensor May 11-20, 1998
Courtesy of SPOT Image, Inc.Courtesy of SPOT Image, Inc.
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Space Imaging, Inc., IKONOS
Panchromatic Images of Washington, DC
1 x 1 m spatial resolution1 x 1 m spatial resolution
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IKONOS Imagery of Columbia, SC Obtained on October 28, 2000
Panchromatic 1 x 1 mPanchromatic 1 x 1 m Pan-sharpened multispectral 4 x 4 mPan-sharpened multispectral 4 x 4 m
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Imaging Spectrometry
The simultaneous acquisition of images in many relatively narrow, contiguous and/or non-contiguous spectral bands
throughout the ultraviolet, visible and infrared portions of the spectrum.
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Remote Sensing System used for
Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data
Collection
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NASA AVIRIS: Advanced Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
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Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging
Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Datacube of Sullivan’s
Island Obtained on October 26, 1998
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Hyperspectral Crop Classification Using
AVIRIS Data
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Earth Observing System - Terra Instruments
ASTER - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection RadiometerCERES - Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy SystemMISR - Multi-angle Imaging SpectroradiometerMODIS - Moderate-resolution Imaging SpectroradiometerMOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere
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Earth Observing System Measurements
Discipline EOS-AM InstrumentsMeasurement
Atmosphere Cloud Properties MODIS, MISR, ASTERRadiative Energy Fluxes CERES, MODIS, MISRPrecipitationTropospheric Chemistry MOPITTStratospheric ChemistryAerosol Properties MISR, MODISAtmospheric Temperature MODISAtmospheric Humidity MODISLightning
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Earth Observing System Measurements
Discipline EOS-AM InstrumentsMeasurement
Land Land Cover/Land Use Change MODIS, MISR, ASTERVegetation Dynamics MODIS, MISR, ASTERSurface Temperature MODIS, ASTERFire Occurrence MODIS, ASTERVolcanic Effects MODIS, MISR, ASTERSurface Wetness
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Earth Observing System Measurements
Discipline EOS-AM InstrumentsMeasurement
Ocean Surface Temperature MODISPhytoplankton MODIS, MISRDissolved Organic Matter MODIS, MISRSurface Wind FieldsOcean Surface Topography
Cryosphere Land Ice Change ASTERSea Ice MODIS, ASTERSnow Cover MODIS, ASTER
Solar Radiation Total Solar RadiationUltraviolet Spectral Irradiance
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Earth Observing System - Terra Instruments
MODIS - Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
Orbit 705 km Sun-synchronous orbitSpectral Range 0.4 - 14.4 mmSpectral Coverage +55˚, 2330 km swathBands 36 co-registered bands: 20 bands (0.4-3 um), 16 bands (3-14.4 um)Spatial Resolution 250 m (bands 1-2), 500 m (bands 3-7), 1000 m (bands 8- 36)
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Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Onboard Terra
First day global
coverage
2,330 km swath width
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Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Onboard Terra
Nile River and Nile Delta
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Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Onboard Terra
Nile River and Nile Delta
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Remote Sensing System used for
Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data
Collection
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Positive Systems, Inc., Imagery
Green Red Near-Infrared
ADAR 5500 System Components
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Emerge Spatial, Inc., Imagery
Green Red Near-Infrared
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Litton Emerge Spatial, Inc., CIR image (RGB = NIR,R,G) of Dunkirk, NY, at 1 x 1 m obtained on December 12, 1998
Natural color image (RGB = RGB) of a N.Y. Power Authority lake at 1 x 1
ft obtained on October 13, 1997
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Review
Digital Image TerminologyRemote Sensing System used for Multispectral and
Hyperspectral Data Collection Scanner: TM, GOES Pushbroom: SPOT, IKONOS Whiskbroom: AVIRIS, MODISDigital Frame Camera: Positive Systems,
Inc. (ADAR), Emerge Spatial, Inc.