amrit e-commerce project

Information Technology

Amrit Barotia BCA 3rd year Bachelor of Computer Application

Dezyne Ersquocole CollegeAjmer

wwwdezyneecolecom

Submitted By

Electronic Commerce

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Am Thankful To Dezyne Ersquocole College To Help In Making This Project On E-Commerce A Special

Thanks To Ms Jyoti Phulwani to Guide Us Step By Step in the Marking of This Project Report

Thanking You

Amrit Barotia BCA-3rd Year

Bachelor Application Computer

CONTENTS

1 Chapter 1

Introduction

2 Chapter 2

Electronic Commerce and the World Wide Web

3 Chapter 3

Architectural Framework for Electronic Commerce

4 Chapter 4

Technology Behind the Web

5 Chapter 5

Network Security and Firewalls

6 Chapter 6

Electronic Commerce Companies

7 Chapter 7

Pictorial Representation E-Buying Methodology

8 Chapter 8

Conclusion

Chapter 01

Introduction

Every Individual of company that wants to make money and become the next Microsoft needs

to understand the market potential business implication and technological foundation of

electronic commerce But what is electronic commerce everybody is technical and business skills

are needed to be successful

Companies and consumers are discovering that global networking and other technological

innovations are powerful assets if used as competitive weapons in their day to day activities

E-Commerce is associated with the buying and selling of information products and services via

computer network today Consumer desires are very hard to predict pinpoint or decipher in

electronic markets whose shape structure and population are still in early stages Need

envisioned include entertainment on demand including 500 channels TV video on demand

games on demand electronic retailing via catalogues and kiosks and home shopping networks

In future viewers will decide that they want see and when they want to participate and successful

market place are expected to those that cater to consumerrsquos loneliness boredom education

and carrierin a highly competitive society where neighbors seldom talk to one another these

outlets give consumer someone to talk after going home Letrsquos take a look at the conditions in

the ldquoNEW Economyrdquo with respect to retail industry Consumers are pushing retailers to the wall

demanding lower prices Better quality and a large-section of in-season goods Retailers are

scrambling to fill the order They are slushing back-office cost producing profit margins

producing cycle-times buying more wisely and marking huge investment in technology They are

revamping distribution channels to make sure that warehouse cost are down by reducing their

average inventory levels and coordinating the consumer demand and supply pattern

In the push to reduce prices more and retailers are turning to overseas suppliers in part because

of cheaper labour cost Retail are the immediate line of fire and had to do the cost cutting They

put the pressure on the manufacturer and then the supplier end of the pipeline

Electronic Commerce is forcing companies to rethink the existing ways of doing target marketing relationship marketing and even event marketing Adaptation would include moving towards computerized ldquoPaperlessrdquo operations to reduce trading cost and facilitate the adoption of new business process Japanese approach JIT (Just in Time) system total quality control and quality circles are focused

now for delivery of goods through electronic commerce

Chapter 02


we have broadly defined electronic commerce as a modem business methodology that address

the desire of firms consumers and management to cut costs while improving the quality of

goods amp inversing the speed of services The need for electronic commerce stems from the

demand within business government to make bustles use of computing that is better apply

computer technology to improve business process and information exchange both within an

enterprise and across organizations In short electronic appears to be an integration force that

represents the digital converge of twenty- first century business application and computing

technologies

Electronic commerce application emphasis the generation and exploitation of new business

opportunity and to use the popular buzzword ldquogenerate business valuerdquo For instance when

buyer-seller transaction occur in the electronic market place information is access observe

arrange and sold in different ways in fact the information about a product of service is separated

from the physical product from services and has become important on its own In some case

the information can become as crucial as his actual product of services In term of its effects on

a companyrsquos in short information ways business transaction are creating new ways of doing

business and even type of business

Electronic commerce applications are quite varied In the most common from e-commerce is

also used to donate the paperless exchange of business information using EDI electronic mail

(e-mail) electronic bulletin boards electronic funds transfer (EFT) and other similar

technologies These technologies are normally applied in high-payoff areas recognizing that

paper handling activities usually increases expenses without adding value On the other hand

the electronic commerce is used to describe a new online approach to perform traditional

functions such as payments and funds transfer other entry and processing invoicing inventory

management cargo tracking electronic catalogues and point-of-sale data gathering More

recently companies have realized that the advertising marketing customer support functions

are also part of electronic commerce application domain The nosiness function act as initiators

to the entire order management cycle that incorporates the more established notions of

electronic commerce as an umbrella concept to integrate a wide range of new and old

applications

DESPITE THE CHANGE taking place business have three goals stay competitive improve

productivity and deliver quality service These goals are the guiding buoys for firms plotting their

course in the turbulent waters of electronic commerce These are other factors that companies

need to keep in mind

First most companies have already made enormous information technology investments to

automate their key internal processes such as purchasing invoicing and other similar function

So some aspects of technology infrastructure for electronic commerce are already in place the

challenge now become how to effecting leverage the investment Second price for computer

hardware and network equipment continue to fall Marking information technology an

appealing investment for many business especially when itrsquos used for high-impact application

such as linking their distributed operations However investment without a clear idea of the

electronic commerce architecture being built would be akin to driving with blinders on As a

result companies that decided that electronic commerce application represent one of the best

strategic investment the can make must first exert effort to understand the technology

understanding electronic commerce application

At first glance it appears that messaging- based technology such as EDI and mail- enabled

applications combined with database and information management service form the technical

Electronic Document Interchange

Electronic

Commerce

Information sharing

Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Electronic Data interchange (EDI)

Collaborative Works Sales Customer Support

Marketing Advertising Corporate

Digital

Library

Electronic Messaging

E-mail Fax

Electronic

Publishing

foundation for effecting electronic commerce solution No single one of these technologies can

delivers the fall potential of electronic commerce however we require is an integrated

architecture the likes of which has never been seen before This integrated architecture is

emerging in the form of the wide web (www) As electronic commerce becomes more mature

we are beginning to see sophisticated application being developed on the www Technically and

commercially the www client-server model seems poised to become a dominant technology

Chapter 03

Architectural framework for electronic commerce

The software framework necessary for building Electronic Commerce applications is little

understood in existing literature In general a framework is intended to define and create tools

that integrate the information found in todayrsquos closed systems and allow the development of E-

commerce applications It is important to understand that the aim of the architectural

framework itself is not to build new database management system data repository computer

languages software agent-based transaction monitors or communication protocols Rather tha

architecture should focus on synthesizing the diverse recourse already in place in corporations

to facilitate the integration of data and

We propound that the electronic commerce application consists of six layers of functionality or

service

1 Application

2 Brokerage services data or transaction management

3 Inter face and support Layers

4 Secure messaging and electronic interchange

5 Middleware and structured document interchange and

6 Network infrastructure and basic communication services

Application services Customer- to- business Business- to business Intra ndash organizational

Brokerage and data management Order processing-mail ndash mail order house Payment schemes- electronic cash Clearing house or virtual mall

Interface layer Interactive catalogue Direct support functions Software agents

Secure messaging Secure hypertext transfer protocol Encrypted e-mail EDI Remote programing(RPC)

Middleware services Structured document (SGMLHTML) Compound documents(OLE open DOC)

Network infrastructure Wireless-cellular radio PCS Wire line= POTS coaxial fiber optics

These layer cooperate to provide a seamless transition between todayrsquos computing resources

and those of tomorrow by transparently integrating information access and exchange within the

context of the of chose applicationas seen in above fig electronic commerce applications are

based on several elegant technology But only when they are integrated do they provide

uniquely powerful solutions

In the ensuing discussion of each of these layers we will not elaborate on the various aspects of

the network infrastructure that transports information

Electronic commerce application services-

The application service layer of e-commerce will be comprised of existing and future applications

built on innate architecture These distinct classes of electronic commerce application can be

distinguished customer- to business business- to- business and intra organization

Customer-to-business Transaction-

We call this category marketplace transaction In a marketplace transaction customers learn

about products differently through electronic publishing buy differently electronic cash and

secure payment systems and have them delivered differently Also how customer allocate their

loyalty may also be different

In light of this organization itself has to adapt to a word where the traditional concepts of band

differentiation no longer hold-where ldquoqualityrdquo has a new meaning where ldquocontentrdquo may not be

equated to ldquoproductrdquo where ldquodistributionrdquo may not automatically mean ldquophysical transportrdquo In

this new environment brand equity can rapidly evaporate forcing firms to develop new way of

doing business

Business-to-business transactions-

We call this category market-link transaction Here business government and other

organizations depend on computer- to- computer communication as a fact an economical and

a dependable way to conduct business transactions Small companies are also beginning to see

the benefits of adopting the some methods Business-to-business transactions include the use

of EDI and electronic mail for purchasing goods and services buying information and consulting

services submitting requests for proposals and receive proposals

For example the current accounts payable process occurs through the exchange of paper

document Each year the trading partners exchange millions of invoices checks purchase

orders financial reports and other transactions Most of the document are in electronic form at

their point of origin but are printed and key-entered at the point receipt The current manual

process of printing mailing and rekeying is costly time-consuming and error-prove Given this

situation and faced with the need to reduce costs small business are looking towards electronic

commerce as a possible saviour

Intra-organizational Transactions-

We call this category market-driven transactions A company becomes market driven by

dispersing throughout the firm information about its customers and competitions by spreading

strategic and tactical decision marking so that all units can participate and by continuously

monitoring their customer commitment by marking improved customer satisfaction an ongoing

objective To maintain the relationship that are critical to delivering superiors customer value

management must pay close attention to service both before and after sales

Information Brokerage and Management

The Information brokerage and management provides service integration though the notion of

information brokerages the development of which is necessitated by the increasing information

resource fragmentation We use the notion of information brokerage to represent an

intermediary who provides service integration between customers and information provides

given some constraint such as a low price fast service of profit minimization for client

Information brokers for example are rapidly becoming necessary in dealing with the voluminous

amounts of information on the networks As on-line database migrate to consumer information

utilities consumers and information professionals will have to keep up the knowledge and

ownership of all these systems Whorsquos got what How do you use it What do they charge Most

professionals have enough trouble keeping track of files of interest on one or two database

services Will all the complicity associated with larger number of on-line databases and service

bureaus itrsquos impossible to expect humans to do the searchingit will have to be software

programs- information brokers or software agents to use the more popular terms-that act on

searcherrsquos behalf Information brokerage dose more than just searching

Interface and support services

The third layer interface and support services will provide interface for electronic commerce

application such as interactive catalogues and will support directory services-functions necessary

for information search and access These two concepts are very different Interactive catalogues

are the customized interface to consumer application such home shopping An interactive

catalogue is an extension of the paper-based catalogue and incorporates additional feature such

as sophisticated graphics and video to make advertising more attracts

Directories on the other hand operate behind the scenes and attempt to organize the enormous

amount of information and transaction generated to facilitate electronic commerce Directory

service database make data from any server appear as a local file A classic example of a directory

is the telephone white pages allows us to locate people and telephone numbers In the case of

electronic commerce directories would play an important role in information management

functions For instance take the case of buying an airline ticket with several stopovers with the

caveat that the time between layovers be minimized This search would require several queries

to various on-line directories to find empty seats on various airline and then the availability of

seats would be coordinated with the amount of times spent in the airport terminals

Secure messaging and structure document Interchange service

The important fourth layer secure messaging is clear Everyone is business know that electronic

messing is a critical business issue Consider a familiar business scenario you rand over an urgent

fax on Monday and find out on Tuesday that itrsquos still setting on your fax operatorrsquos disk What

happened The line was busy and he thought he do try again later Or the number was wrong

he forgot to let you know or you are in London and you need to send a spreadsheet that details

a marketing plan for a product introduction strategy to a co- worker in New York This must be

done today not tomorrow when the courier services would deliver There is a solution to these

common and frustrating problems Itrsquos called integrated messaging a group of computer service

that through the use of a network send receive and combine message

Faxes and larger data files Some better known examples are electronic mail enhance fact and

electronic data interchange

Broadly define messaging is the software that sits between the network infrastructure and the

client or electronic commerce application masking the peculiarities of the environment Other

define messaging as frame work for the total implementation of portable application divorcing

you from the architectural primitive of your system in general messaging products are not

application that solve problems they are enablers of the application that solve problems

Messaging services offer solutions for communicating non-formatted (unstructured) data such

orders shipping notices and in voices Unstructured messaging consist of facts e-mail and form

based system like Lotus Notes Structure documents messaging consist of the automated

interchange of standardized and approve messages between via telecommunication line

Example of structured document messaging include EDI

Messaging is gaining momentum in electronic commerce and seems to have many advantages It

supports both synchronous (immediate) and asynchronous (delayed) message delivery and

processing With asynchronous messaging when a message is sent work continues (software

doesnrsquot wait for a response) This allows the transfer of messages through store-and-forward

methods

The main disadvantages of messaging are the new types of applications it enables-which appear

to be more complex especially to traditional programmers-and the jungle of standards it

involves Because of the lack of standards there is often no interoperability between different

messaging vendors leading to islands of messaging Also security privacy and confidentiality

through data encryption and authentication techniques are important issues that need to be

resolved for ensuring the legality of the message-based transactions themselves

Middleware services

Middleware is a relatively new concept that emerged only recently Like so many other innovations it came in being out of necessity Users in the 1970rsquos when vendors delivered

homogenous systems that worked didnrsquot have a need for middleware When conditions changed-along with the hardware and the software the organizations couldnrsquot The tools were inadequate the backlog was enormous and the pressure was over whelming And the users were dissatisfied Something was needed to solve all the interface translation transformation and interpretation problems that were driving application developers crazy

With the growth of networks client-server technology and all other forms of communicating

betweenamong unlike platforms the problems of getting all pieces to work together grew from

formidable to horrendous As the cry for distributed computing spread users demanded

interaction between dissimilar system networks that permitted shared resources and

applications that could be accessed by multiple software programs In simple terms middleware

is the ultimate mediator between diverse software programs that enables them talk to one

another

Transparency

Transparency implies that users should be unaware that they are accessing multiple systems Transparency is essential for dealing with higher-level issues than physical media and interconnection that the underlying network infrastructure is in charge of The ideal picture is one of a ldquoVirtualrdquo network a collection of work-group departmental enterprise and inter-enterprise LANs that appears to the end user or client application to be a seamless and easily accessed whole Transparency is accomplished using middleware that facilities a distributed computing

environment This gives users and applications transparent access to data computation and

other resources across collections of multivendor heterogeneous systems The strategic

architectures of every major system vendor are now based on some form of middleware The

key to realizing the theoretical benefits of such an architecture is transparency Users need not

spend their time to understand where something is Nor should application developers have to

code into their applications the exact locations of resources over the network The goal is for

the applications to send a request to the middleware layer which then satisfies the request any

way it can using remote information

Transaction Security and Management

Support for transaction processing (TP) is fundamental to success in the electronic commerce

market Security and management are essential to all layers in the electronic commerce model

Transaction integrity must be given for businesses that cannot afford any loss or inconsistency

in data For electronic commerce middleware provides the qualities expected in the standard

TP System the so-called ACID properties (Atomicity Consistency Isolation and Durability)

World Wide Web (WWW) As the Architecture

Electronic commerce depends on the unspoken assumption that computers cooperate

efficiently for seamless information sharing Unfortunately this assumption of interoperability

has been supported by the realities of practical computing Computing is still a world made up

of many technical directions product implementations and competing vendors This diversity

while good for innovation causes problem as the e-commerce applications try to impose a

certain discipline on the proliferating computers and networks It is ironic that real effect of

computing is all too often then prevention of data sharing due to incompatibilities-

architectures data formats and communication protocols

What does the Web Encompass

The web has become an umbrella for wide range of concepts and technologies that differ

markedly in purpose and scope These include the global hypertext publishing concept the

universal reader concept and the client-server concept

The global hypertext publishing concept promotes the idea of a seamless information world in

which all on-line information can be accessed and retrieved in a consistent and simple way To

access information in this seamless world we will need the ability to address many types of

data-text files images sound files and animation sequences

The universal readership concept promotes the idea that unlike the segmented applications of

the past we can use one application-a universal (or common) user interface-to read a variety

of documents This concept implies that once information is published it is accessible from any

type of computer in any country and that any (authorized) person merely needs to use one

simple program to access it This is accomplished in the web by using a core browser or

application that is augmented by supporting applications The core browser implements only

minimal functionality and attempts to offload more specialized work onto the supporting

applications

The client server concept allows the web to grow easily without any centralized control Anyone

can publish information and anyone (as long as he or she is authorized) can read and download

it Publishing information requires a server program and reading data requires a client browser

All the clients and all the servers are connected to one another by the Internet The various

standard protocols allows all clients to communicate with all servers In practice the web hangs

on a number of essential concepts including the following

bullThe addressing scheme known as uniform resource locator (URL) makes the hyper media world

possible despite many different protocols

bullA network protocol known as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) used by client browsers and

servers offers performance and features not otherwise available

bullA mark-up language (HTML) which every web client is required to understand is used for the

representation of hypertext documents containing text list boxes and graphics information

across the net

Chapter- 04

Technology behind the web Information providers (or publishers) run programs (called server) from which the browsers

(clients) can obtain information The programs can either be Web server that understand the

hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) ldquogatewayrdquo programs that convert an existing information

format to hypertext or a non-HTTP server that Web browser can access-anonymous FTP or

Gopher server

Web server are composed of two major parts the hypertext transport protocol for transmitting

document between server and client and the hypertext mark-up language(HTML) format for

document The link between HTML file and the HTTP servers is provided by the uniform resource

locaters (URLs)

Uniform resource locater

The document that the browsers display are hypertext that contains pointers to other document

The browsers let you deal with the pointer in a transparent way select the pointer and you are

presented with text to witch it point This pointer is implemented using a concept that is central

to Web browser uniforms resource locaters (URLs) One way to think about URLs is to use the

libraries and location on a shelf as a metaphor A URLs for a digital library would be a unique call

number that provide the exact location of every book in the world including the country city

street and library shelf location

In practice URLs are the strings used as addresses of objects (documents images) the Web

Think of them as analogues to your e-mail address Just as your address is unique and maybe

used by any other Internet user to send you mail without knowing exactly where you are URL

marks unique location on Internet where a file or service can be found

URLs follow a fairly consistent pattern The first part describes the type of resource the second

part gives the name of server housing the resources and the third part gives full file name of the

resources URLs are universal in that they provide access to wild range of network services witch

required separate application For a new network protocol one can easily form an address as the

set of parameters Necessary to retrieve the object If these parameter are encoded into a

concise string with a prefix to identify the protocol and encoding one has a new URL scheme

Take a look at the URL formats below

FTP ftpserveraddresscompeletefilename

Gopher gopherserveradressportdirectoryfilename

TELNET telnetserveraddressport

HTTP httpserveraddressporthomepagehtml

News newsmiscstocksinvest

These are URLs for Internet news articles and newsgroups (the NNTP protocol) and for HTTP

archives for TELNET destination e-mail addresses and so on The same can be done name of

objects in given name space For example the URL of the main page for the Web project happens

to be httpwebw3orghypertextwebTheProjecthtml The prefix ldquohttprdquo in the preceding

example indicate the address the space and define the interpretation of the rest of the string

The HTTP protocol is to be used so the string contains the address of the server to be contacted

and a substring to be passed to the server

As noted earlier different protocols use different syntaxes but they do have a small amount in

common For example the common URL syntax reserves the solidus() as way of representing a

hierarchical space the pound label() as way of pointing inside of document and question

mark() as separator between the address of an object and query operation applied to it

Hierarchical spaces useful for hypertext where one ldquoworkrdquo may be split up into many interlinked

documents allows related names to exploit the hierarchical structure and allows links to be

made within the work independent of higher parts the URL such as server name

URLs are center to the Web architecture The fact that it is to address an object anywhere on the

Internet is essential for the system to scale and for the information space to be independent of

the network server topology

Chapter- 05

Network Security and Firewalls The ability to conduct business on a public network has strong attraction- and the potential for

big savings Security and confidentiality are essential however before business can conduct

financial transaction over the Internet and a lack of widespread security measures remains at

this timeat present credit card numbers financial records and other important information are

not encrypted can be intercepted by any savvy Internet hacker The discussion of security

concerns in electronic commerce can be divided into two broad types-

1 Client-server security uses various authorization methods to make sure that only valid

users and programs have access to information resource such as databases Access control

mechanisms must be set up to ensure that popularly authenticated are allowed access only to

those resource that they are entitled to use Such mechanisms include password protection

encrypted smart cards biometrics and firewall

2 Data and transaction security ensures the privacy and confidentiality in electronic

message and data packets including the authentication of remote users in network transaction

for activists such as on-line payment The goal is to defeat any attempt to assume another

identity while involved with electronic mail or other forms of data communication Prevent

measures include data encryption using various cryptographic methods

Data and Message security

The lack of data and message security in the Internet has become a higher profile problem due

to increasing number merchants trying to spur commerce on the global network For instance

credit card numbers in their plain text form create a risk when transmitted across the Internet

where the possibility of the number following into the wrong hands is relatively high Would you

billing to type in your credit card number knowing the risk

Even worse would you expose your customer to that risk Just the thought of ldquosnifferrdquo programs

that collect credit card numbers en masse is enough to keep merchants away from on-line

shopping given the possible lawsuits and other liability issues In short the lack of business

transaction security is widely acknowledge as a major impediment the widespread e-commerce

Encrypted Document and Electronic mail

E-mail users who desire confidentiality and sender authentication are using encryption

Encryption is simply intended to keep personal thoughts personal Some users are already using

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) other are starting to use Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM)

E-mail is typically encrypted for the reason that all network correspondence is open for

eavesdropping

Internet e-mail is obviously then the postal system where envelops protect corresponded form

casual snooping A glance at the header area of any e-mail message by contrast will show that

it has passed through a number of node on its way to you Every one of these nodes present the

opportunity for snooping

Chapter- 06

E-Commerce Companies

Chapter-07

Pictorial Representation E-Buying Methodology of FlipKartcom Step 1

Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08

Conclusion E-commerce is growing tremendously A lot of companies have joined between the period July

and August

Online retail is still a tiny spot in Indiarsquos retail market of about $500 billion a year but it is

growing at a quick pace A study retail consultancy technopark predicts Indiarsquos e-tailing market

will reach $32 billion by 2020 from $23 billion in 2014

Ethnic Indian clothes and casual wear are favorite products but unusual products like pets- too

are being offered online

With huge growth that e-commerce has witnessed in recent times analysts like Devanshu

Dutta says there in scope for more player is coming But some also warn about the risks the

space is fraught with as only few may have changes of making it big They also see

consolidation in the sector going forward

Bibliography

Frontier of Electronic Commerce by Ravi kalakota and Ander B Whinston

Big E-Commerce deals stir up sector-Economic Times

wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Am Thankful To Dezyne Ersquocole College To Help In Making This Project On E-Commerce A Special

Thanks To Ms Jyoti Phulwani to Guide Us Step By Step in the Marking of This Project Report

Thanking You

Amrit Barotia BCA-3rd Year

Bachelor Application Computer

CONTENTS

1 Chapter 1

Introduction

2 Chapter 2


3 Chapter 3


4 Chapter 4


5 Chapter 5


6 Chapter 6


7 Chapter 7


8 Chapter 8

Conclusion

Chapter 01

Introduction



























Chapter 02









technologies





















applications



















Electronic

Commerce

Information sharing




Digital

Library


E-mail Fax

Electronic

Publishing







Chapter 03











service

1 Application
































doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

CONTENTS

1 Chapter 1

Introduction

2 Chapter 2


3 Chapter 3


4 Chapter 4


5 Chapter 5


6 Chapter 6


7 Chapter 7


8 Chapter 8

Conclusion

Chapter 01

Introduction



























Chapter 02









technologies





















applications



















Electronic

Commerce

Information sharing




Digital

Library


E-mail Fax

Electronic

Publishing







Chapter 03











service

1 Application
































doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Chapter 01

Introduction



























Chapter 02









technologies





















applications



















Electronic

Commerce

Information sharing




Digital

Library


E-mail Fax

Electronic

Publishing







Chapter 03











service

1 Application
































doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Chapter 02









technologies





















applications



















Electronic

Commerce

Information sharing




Digital

Library


E-mail Fax

Electronic

Publishing







Chapter 03











service

1 Application
































doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom



















Electronic

Commerce

Information sharing




Digital

Library


E-mail Fax

Electronic

Publishing







Chapter 03











service

1 Application
































doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom







Chapter 03











service

1 Application
































doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom





















doing business















































































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom


























































methods







Middleware services









another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom








another

Transparency








































applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

























applications













across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom





across the net

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Chapter- 04





Gopher server




locaters (URLs)










































Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom




















Chapter- 05
































eavesdropping





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom





Chapter- 06


Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Chapter-07


Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Step- 2

Step- 3

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Step- 4

Step- 5

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Step- 6

Step- 7

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Step- 8

Step- 9

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Step- 10

Step- 11

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Step- 12

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Chapter- 08


and August










Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

Bibliography



wwwFlipkartcom

wwwyepmecom

amrit e-commerce project

Education