wordnet-affect [iit-bombay]

Paper PresentationWordnet Affect by

Carlo Strapparava, Alessandro Valitutti

Sagar Ahire [133050073]

Roadmap● Introduction to Affective Computing● Introduction to Wordnet-Affect● Process of Building Wordnet-Affect● Possible Applications

Roadmap: We Are Here● Introduction to Affective Computing● Introduction to Wordnet-Affect● Process of Building Wordnet-Affect● Possible Applications

Affective Computing● Refers to processing of “emotions”● Enables computers to perceive and/or

express affect● Does NOT refer to:

○ Creating emotional computers○ Introducing unreliability/unpredictability in computers

Need of Affective Computing● Importance of emotion to humans● Vast wealth of information conveyed via

emotions [Sentic Modulation]○ Body language○ Facial expressions○ Voice cues

● Ability to enhance communication with computers

Need of Affective Computing● Importance of emotion to humans● Vast wealth of information conveyed via

emotions [Sentic Modulation]○ Body language○ Facial expressions○ Voice cues

● Ability to enhance communication with computers

Need of Affective Computing● Importance of emotion to humans● Vast wealth of information conveyed via

emotions [Sentic Modulation]○ Body language○ Facial expressions○ Voice cues

● Ability to enhance communication with computers

Types of Affective Computers

* Does NOT imply being driven by emotion

blue = Open Research Areas

Cannot Express Can Express

Cannot Perceive Most computers today Use of smileys, etc

Can Perceive Teaching computers Maximally user-friendly*

Roadmap: We Are Here● Introduction to Affective Computing● Introduction to Wordnet-Affect● Process of Building Wordnet-Affect● Possible Applications

Wordnet-Affect● Linguistic resource for affect● Wordnet-Affect = Wordnet + Affect

Information

Need of Wordnet-Affect● Haphazard process of selecting emotion

words● Lack of emotion features● Need of distinguishing different senses of

the same word

Affect Information● A-label

○ Joy [joy, elation]○ Love [love, worship]○ Apprehension [trepidation, foreboding]○ Sadness [misery, sorrow]○ Surprise [surprise, astonishment]○ Apathy [apathy, emotionlessness], etc.

● POSR: Different POS but same emotion [cheer, cheerful, cheerfulness, cheerfully]

Affect Information● Valence

○ Positive○ Negative○ Ambiguous○ Neutral

Partial Graph of WN-Affectroot

mental-state behaviour

mood emotion

physical-state situation ...

cognitive-state affective-state

positive-emotion negative-emotion neutral-emotion ambiguous-emotion

joy love ... sadness shame ... apathy pensiveness

worship

Roadmap: We Are Here● Introduction to Affective Computing● Introduction to Wordnet-Affect● Process of Building Wordnet-Affect● Possible Applications

Stages in Building Wordnet-Affect● Core [Manual]● Extension [Semi-Automatic]

Building Wordnet-Affect:Core● Manual resource called Affect created with

1903 terms (not synsets)● Each term was given associated affect

information● Information was then projected from the

terms to Wordnet synsets

Building Wordnet-Affect:Extension● Extension was performed using the following

Wordnet relations (similar to Sentiwordnet):○ Direct antonymy○ Similarity○ Derived from○ Pertains to○ Attribute○ Also see

Building Wordnet-Affect:Extension● For other relations, similar expansion was

performed, but the synsets had to be filtered manually.○ Hypernym of ‘cheer’ is ‘attribute’○ Hyponym of ‘murder’ is ‘tyrannicide’

Roadmap: We Are Here● Introduction to Affective Computing● Introduction to Wordnet-Affect● Process of Building Wordnet-Affect● Possible Applications

Possible Applications● Wordnet-Affect in particular● Affect Computing in general

Applications of Wordnet-Affect● Computer-Assisted Creativity

○ Automated Personalized Advertisements● Verbal Expressivity for Conversational

Agents○ Spoken Tutorials

● Sentiment Analysis● Affective Text Sensing

Applications of Wordnet-Affect● Computer-Assisted Creativity

○ Automated Personalized Advertisements● Verbal Expressivity for Conversational

Agents○ Spoken Tutorials

● Sentiment Analysis● Affective Text Sensing

Applications of Wordnet-Affect● Computer-Assisted Creativity

○ Automated Personalized Advertisements● Verbal Expressivity for Conversational

Agents○ Spoken Tutorials

● Sentiment Analysis● Affective Text Sensing

Applications of Affective Computing● Adaptive Entertainment

○ Automated DJing / Music concerts● Expressive E-mail

○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by encoding affect in written text

● Film Processing & Viewing○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”

● Environment Modifications○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc

● Aesthetic Entertainment○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

Applications of Affective Computing● Adaptive Entertainment

○ Automated DJing / Music concerts● Expressive E-mail

○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by encoding affect in written text

● Film Processing & Viewing○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”

● Environment Modifications○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc

● Aesthetic Entertainment○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

Applications of Affective Computing● Adaptive Entertainment

○ Automated DJing / Music concerts● Expressive E-mail

○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by encoding affect in written text

● Film Processing & Viewing○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”

● Environment Modifications○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc

● Aesthetic Entertainment○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

Applications of Affective Computing● Adaptive Entertainment

○ Automated DJing / Music concerts● Expressive E-mail

○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by encoding affect in written text

● Film Processing & Viewing○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”

● Environment Modifications○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc

● Aesthetic Entertainment○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

Applications of Affective Computing● Adaptive Entertainment

○ Automated DJing / Music concerts● Expressive E-mail

○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by encoding affect in written text

● Film Processing & Viewing○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”

● Environment Modifications○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc

● Aesthetic Entertainment○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

Applications of Affective Computing● Knowledge Implications

○ Emotion Theory○ Philosophy○ Mental Health○ Physical Health

Major References● WordNet-Affect: An Affective Extension of

WordNet by Carlo Strapparava and Alessandro Valitutti, 2004

Other References● Affective Computing by Picard, 1995; see also

○ I, Robot by Isaac Asimov○ 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur Clarke / Stanley Kubrick

● The Affective Weight of Lexicon by Carlo Strapparava, Alessandro Valitutti, Oliviero Stock, 2006

Further Plan● Lexicon-based Methods in Sentiment Analysis by Maite

Taboada, Julian Brooke, Milan Tofiloski, Kimberly Voll, Manfred Stede, 2011 - DONE

● Automatic Generation of Lexical Resources for Opinion Mining by Andrea Esuli (PhD Thesis), 2008