wireless application protocol wap
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Wireless Application ProtocolWAP
Dr Alison GriffithsC203 Ext:3292www.fcet.staffs.ac.uk/alg1/
Credit to: Justin Champion
Mobile Internet
Originally perceived as one of the primary motivators for wireless data applications
Hyped as “Internet Anywhere” Result was WAP Specified by handset manufacturers & leading
industry providers (WAP Forum now called Open Mobile Alliance)
Version 1 – 1998 Not a success so far
Wired Internet
HTTP at its simplest
Internet Exploiter
Blah blah blah
www.gosumwhereelse.comInternet
Web Server
Get/Post Response
Client
Caching
Designed without concern for bandwidth, persistence or delay
Assumes TCP over IP Utilises DNS for logical to physical mapping Sophisticated Caching Posting assumes connection available
Wired Internet Application Layer
HTML allows Rich content Dynamic content Plug-ins Extensible
Ignores heterogeneity of end-user systems Display sizes, resolutions User Interfaces Performance Audio support STORAGE
Wireless Internet
Almost antithesis of wired Bandwidth, persistence, delay are major problems TCP extremely inefficient over-the-air Caching cannot be guaranteed on client devices Device profiles extremely varied
Displays Browsers Plug-ins
Operating systems may be fixed at point of manufacture Device storage very limited Low processing power
Need for new wireless-oriented protocol
WAP Myth
WAP IS NOT…
WAP as a Protocol (1.0)
HTML, Java
HTTP
SSL/TLS
TCP/IP, UDP/IP,media
Application layer (WAE)
Session Layer (WSP)
Transaction layer (WTP)
Security layer (WTLS)
Transport layer (WDP) WCMP
Bearers (GSM, HSCSD, GPRS)
Additional services &applications
T-SAP
SEC-SAP
TR-SAP
S-SAP
A-SAPInternet WAP
Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
ClientGatewayOrigin servers
WTAuser agent
WMLuser agent
Other WAEuser agents
Encoders&
Decoders
Encoded Request
ContentServers
Web Server
Request
Response with contentEncoded response
with content
Push content Encoded Push content
WAP Stack Example
WAE
WSP
WTP
WTLS
WDPUDP
WAE User Agent
IP(GPRS)
non IP(SMS)
WTP
WTLS
WDPUDP
Transaction basedapplication
IP(GPRS)
non IP(SMS)
WTLS
WDPUDP
Datagram basedapplication
IP(GPRS)
non IP(SMS)
WAP 2.0
July 2001 Retains WAP 1.x Aspects of i-mode Full IP support TCP wireless profile TLS HTTP wireless profile 2nd generation browsers (WML, XHTMLMP) Composite Capabilities/Preference Profiles
framework (CC/PP) For identifying device capabilities & user preferences
WAP Stack ExamplePro
toco
l Fram
ew
orkB
eare
rTra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsfe
rSessio
n
IPv6
IPv4
SMS
CSD
FLEX
GPRS
MPAK
USSD …
Datagrams(WDP, UDP)
Connections(TCP wireless
profile)
HypermediaTransfer
(WTP+WSP, HTTP)
Streaming MMS
PushOTA
Capability Negotiation
Synchronization Cookies
Applica
tion
Fram
ew
ork
WAE/WTA User Agent(WML, XHTMLMP)
Multi-media Messaging(E-mail)
Push
Contentformats
ServiceDiscovery
ServiceDiscovery
CryptoLibraries
Authentication
Identification
PKI
SecureTransport
SecureBearer
EFI
Provisioning
NavigationDiscovery
ServiceLookup
Review
Overview of WAP
Questions?
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