Wireless Application ProtocolWAP

Dr Alison GriffithsC203 Ext:3292www.fcet.staffs.ac.uk/alg1/

Credit to: Justin Champion

Mobile Internet

Originally perceived as one of the primary motivators for wireless data applications

Hyped as “Internet Anywhere” Result was WAP Specified by handset manufacturers & leading

industry providers (WAP Forum now called Open Mobile Alliance)

Version 1 – 1998 Not a success so far

Wired Internet

HTTP at its simplest

Internet Exploiter

Blah blah blah

www.gosumwhereelse.comInternet

Web Server

Get/Post Response

Client

Caching

Designed without concern for bandwidth, persistence or delay

Assumes TCP over IP Utilises DNS for logical to physical mapping Sophisticated Caching Posting assumes connection available

Wired Internet Application Layer

HTML allows Rich content Dynamic content Plug-ins Extensible

Ignores heterogeneity of end-user systems Display sizes, resolutions User Interfaces Performance Audio support STORAGE

Wireless Internet

Almost antithesis of wired Bandwidth, persistence, delay are major problems TCP extremely inefficient over-the-air Caching cannot be guaranteed on client devices Device profiles extremely varied

Displays Browsers Plug-ins

Operating systems may be fixed at point of manufacture Device storage very limited Low processing power

Need for new wireless-oriented protocol

WAP Myth

WAP IS NOT…

WAP as a Protocol (1.0)

HTML, Java

HTTP

SSL/TLS

TCP/IP, UDP/IP,media

Application layer (WAE)

Session Layer (WSP)

Transaction layer (WTP)

Security layer (WTLS)

Transport layer (WDP) WCMP

Bearers (GSM, HSCSD, GPRS)

Additional services &applications

T-SAP

SEC-SAP

TR-SAP

S-SAP

A-SAPInternet WAP

Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

ClientGatewayOrigin servers

WTAuser agent

WMLuser agent

Other WAEuser agents

Encoders&

Decoders

Encoded Request

ContentServers

Web Server

Request

Response with contentEncoded response

with content

Push content Encoded Push content

WAP Stack Example

WAE

WSP

WTP

WTLS

WDPUDP

WAE User Agent

IP(GPRS)

non IP(SMS)

WTP

WTLS

WDPUDP

Transaction basedapplication

IP(GPRS)

non IP(SMS)

WTLS

WDPUDP

Datagram basedapplication

IP(GPRS)

non IP(SMS)

WAP 2.0

July 2001 Retains WAP 1.x Aspects of i-mode Full IP support TCP wireless profile TLS HTTP wireless profile 2nd generation browsers (WML, XHTMLMP) Composite Capabilities/Preference Profiles

framework (CC/PP) For identifying device capabilities & user preferences

WAP Stack ExamplePro

toco

l Fram

ew

orkB

eare

rTra

nsp

ort

Tra

nsfe

rSessio

n

IPv6

IPv4

SMS

CSD

FLEX

GPRS

MPAK

USSD …

Datagrams(WDP, UDP)

Connections(TCP wireless

profile)

HypermediaTransfer

(WTP+WSP, HTTP)

Streaming MMS

PushOTA

Capability Negotiation

Synchronization Cookies

Applica

tion

Fram

ew

ork

WAE/WTA User Agent(WML, XHTMLMP)

Multi-media Messaging(E-mail)

Push

Contentformats

ServiceDiscovery

ServiceDiscovery

CryptoLibraries

Authentication

Identification

PKI

SecureTransport

SecureBearer

EFI

Provisioning

NavigationDiscovery

ServiceLookup

Review

Overview of WAP

Questions?