what is a predicate noun?

What is a predicate noun?

1. Follows a linking verb2. Renames a subject

Example?

David Jones is a doctor.

My dogs name is Kannon.

Suzanne Collins is an excellent author.

What is an appositive?

A noun or noun phrase that is placed next to another noun to help identify it.

Example?

Someone is gripping my arm, a boy from the Seam, and I think maybe I started to fall and he caught me. (Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games)

Filch owned a cat called Mrs. Norris, a scrawny, dust-colored creature with bulging, lamplike eyes just like Filch’s.

—J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

Then I tend to his minor wounds, the burns, the stings, which are showing improvement.

—Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games

subject-verb agreement

-Singular nouns take singular verbs.

-Plural nouns take plural verbs.

-When the conjunction and is used to combine two subjects, the verb is PLURAL. Example?

-When or or nor is used, the verb can be singular or plural.Rule: Use the word closest to the verb to determine if the verb is singular or plural.Example?

Easy way to remember:

AND adds two things (1 and 2 is 3) (Morgan and I is we)2 or more= pluralOR does NOT add two things (1 or 2 is NOT 3) (Morgan or I is NOT we)Remember: use the word CLOSEST to the verbExamples?

The dogs _______________ when the mail carrier comes. (growl, growls)Grandma and Grandpa _______________ dinner together. (cook, cooks)

The boy and girl________ friends. (is, are)

Neither Tom nor Jerry ______________ at dinner. (was hungry, were hungry)

Pronoun Case

Pronoun Cases PERSON SUBJECT OBJECTIVE POSSESIVE

CASE

1st person I Me My/mine2nd person You You You/yours3rd person female

She Her Her/hers

3rd person male He Him His3rd person neutral

It It Its

1st person (plural)

We Us Our/ours

2nd person (plural)

You You Your/yours

3rd person (plural)

They Them Their/theirs

interrogative Who Whom whose

ALWAYS

SubjectsI, you, he, she,

it, we, you, they, who

1. They suspected that the prankster was (he / him).2. I would not want to be (she / her).3. He recommended both Jan and (I / me) for the promotion.4. Neither the general nor the soldier lost (his / their) life.5. (We / Us) athletes all went out for the team.6. My sister and (they / them) are good friends.7. The new member of the band and (he / him) are here.

WHO VS. WHOM

Who is always the subject of a sentence.

The object of a sentence is whom.

HINT: Replace who with he and whom with him

EXAMPLESWho/Whom is going to the fair?ANSWER: HE is going to the fair. or HIM is going to the fair.

She is going with who/whom?ANSWER: She is going with he. or She is going with him.

Tricky word pairs

to, two, too

• To is a preposition.• I want to go with you.• How many times do I have to tell you?

• Two is a number.• I have two cats.• You told me two times.

• Too means also or excessively or very.• I love to watch movies too!• We Bought a Zoo is too sad.

their, there, they’re

• They’re is a contraction of they are.• It is NEVER used in another way.• They’re going to the store.

• Their is a possessive pronoun.• Billy bob is their cat.

• There can be an adverb, a noun, or an adjective.• Basically if it doesn’t show possession or mean

they are, use there.• There are too many choices. • You were there every time. • She walked from here to there.• That girl there won the race.

its, it’s

•It’s is a contraction for it is or it has.• It’s time for lunch.• It’s been a long time.

•Its shows possession. (like hers, his, ours, yours)• The tree needs its branches trimmed. • The car has a scratch on its side.

sit, set

A person (or animal) sits.(does not require a direct object)

- Sit down. You set things down. (set requires a direct object)

- Set the book down.

lie, lay

Lay requires a direct object lie does not.

Examples:Lie down.Lay the book down.

People (or animals) lie. You lay things down.

affect, effect

Most of the time…Affect = verb (action) (a for affect and action)

Means to influence or to changeThe weather affects my feelings.The drought affected the growth of the plants.

Effect = nounGenerally means a resultThe sound effect was amazing.

Hint: Because effect is usually a noun, you can usually put an article in front of it to check it. She kicked him for [the] effect.

Exceptions…Affect is a noun when talking about psychology. (or display of emotion)

-The girl displayed a happy affect.

Effect is a verb when it means to bring about or to accomplish.

-I hope to effect change in this country.

may, can

Can is used to ask if something is possible.

-Can you do a front flip?

May is used to ask permission.-May I go to the

bathroom?

leave, let

Let means to allow.Let me have it. (Allow me to have it.)Let it be. (Allow me to be.)

Leave me to depart or to allow to remain.Leave me alone. (Allow me to remain

alone.)Leave this room. (Depart from this

room.)

teach, learn

To learn means to GAIN knowledge.

I learned how to drive a car.

To teach means to GIVE knowledge.

I will teach you how to drive a car.

accept, except

Accept is a verb.Accept means to agree to something.

-I accepted the invitation. -Will you accept my

apology?

Except is a preposition.Except means other than.

- Everyone is invited except you.

- I like every color except pink.

capitol, capital

Capitol is a state building.- The capitol building in Washington,

D.C.

Capital refers toUppercase letters – Write a capital A.The death penalty- Do you agree with capital punishment?A city – The capital of Tennessee is Nashville.

principle, principal

•Principal- noun or adjective meaning “most important”•Tracy Hollinger is the principal of Northeast Middle School.• Jerrub’s principal activity is practicing basketball; however, his teacher believes his principal activity should be studying.

•Principle- noun that means “fundamental belief”• I live by the principle “treat others as you would like to be treated.”

between, among

Between- 2 things or distinct individual thingsI can’t choose between basketball and soccer.The differences between English, Chinese, and Arabic are significant.

Among- more than 2 or collective thingsThe scandal caused a division among the fans.

Location or direction-Walk between the trees.Walk among the trees.

rise, raise

•Rise- an action that a person or animal does by himself•Rise does not have an object.• Please rise from the chair.• The sun rises in the morning.•Raise- an action a person does to someone/thing else•Raise almost always has an object. • Please raise your hand if you want to speak.• My employer raised my salary.•Things rise by themselves; they are raised by something else.

stationary, stationery

Stationery= paper (er in stationery and er in paper)

Stationary= not moving, still

where, were

Were- past form of to beWere you there?

Where- placeWhere are you?

No one knew where we were.

which, that, who

That vs. Which•Use that before a restrictive clause (a clause that can not be deleted)• I hate that we have to learn grammar.• Desserts that contain chocolate are hard to resist.

•Use which before a nonrestrictive clause (a clause that can be deleted)• We are learning how to use proper grammar, which I

am happy about.• Chocolate dessert, which is my favorite, is hard for

me to resist.

Hint: You would throw a wicked witch out. You could also throw a clause starting with which out.

That vs. Who•That= object or animal•This is the ball that gave me a black eye.• I hate the deer that ruined by car.

•Who= person or animal•My brother, who met Kobe Bryant, loves basketball.•My dog, who is very cute, ate your homework.