weed biology and identification-206 target students: m.sc. students in weed science lecture: dr....

Weed Biology and Identification-206

Target students: M.Sc. Students in Weed Science

Lecture:

Dr. Majid AghaAlikhani (Ph.D.)

Academic position :

Associate Prof. of Tarbiat Modares Universitymaghaalikhani@modares.ac.ir

1

Classification of Plants

Plant Kingdom

Flowering Plants

Non-flowering Plants

. 3 groups

FernsMosses Gymnosperms

Non - flowering Plants

Do NOT produce flowers

A plant can be divided into 3 parts

Land Plants - Embryophytes

Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses

Examples of Mosses

spores

Spore-producing capsule

.No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport)

Characteristics of Mosses

.Simple stems & leaves

.Have rhizoids for anchorage

.Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal)

.Damp terrestrial land

.Simplest plants

Vascular Plants - Tracheophytes

Lycophytes (Lycopods)

Isoetes orcuttii

Selaginella apoda Selaginella bigelovii

Vascular Plants

Equisetophytes (Equisetales): Equisetum

Equisetum arvense

Common HorsetailEquisetum spp.

Scouring-Rush

Vascular Plants

Ophioglossoid Ferns (Ophioglossales)

Ophioglossum californicum

Calif. Adder’s Tongue

Vascular Plants - Tracheophytes

Psilotophytes (incl. Psilotum, Tmesipteris)

Vascular Plants - Tracheophytes

Marratiophytes

Vascular Plants

Leptosporangiate Ferns

(Polypodiales)

Polypodium californicum

California PolypodyDryopteris arguta

Coastal Wood Fern

underground stem

root

A leaf (finely divided into small parts)

.roots, feathery leaves & underground stems

Characteristics of Ferns

.have vascular tissues (transport & support)

.Damp & shady places

.Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction)

Seed Plants: Gymnosperms

Cycads Ginkgo

Cycas circinalis Ginkgo biloba

Abies concolor

White Fir

Pinus torreyana

Torrey Pine

Cupressus forbesii

Tecate Cypress

Conifers

needle-shaped leaves

Male cones (in clusters)

Female cones (scattered)

.roots, woody stems

Characteristics of Gymnosperms

.needle-shaped leaves

.tall evergreen trees

.cones with reproductive structures

.dry places

.vascular tissues (transport)

.naked seeds in female cones

Ephedra spp. Mormon Tea

Gnetales

Welwitschia mirabilis

Seed Plants: Angiosperms - Flowering Plants

. 2 groups

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

Flowering Plants

. roots, stems, leaves

. vascular tissues (transport)

. flowers, fruits (contain seeds)

parallel venation

Monocots

1 cotyledon

floral parts in 3’s(often)

radicle

epicotyl

hypocotyl

1 cotyledon

embryo

coleorhiza

coleoptile

radicle

epicotyl

1 cotyledon

MONOCOTS

Monocotyledons

Parallel veins

. one seed-leaf

Characteristics of Monocotyledons

leaves have parallel veins

. herbaceous plants

. e.g. grass, maize

Dicotyledons

Veins in network

net venation

Eudicots

2 cotyledons

floral parts in 4’s or 5’s(often)

embryo

seed coat

radicle

epicotyl

hypocotyl

2 cotyledons

endosperm

NON-MONOCOT

{

. two seed-leaves

Characteristics of Dicotyledons

. leaves have veins in network

. e.g. trees, sunflower, rose

Plant ClassificationNon-flowering

Plants

Flowering

Spore-bearing

Naked seeds

No roots

with roots

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms

1 seed-leaf

2 seed-leaves

Monocots Dicots