we use a two-color sandvik surface technology commercializing bipolar plate...

We use a two-color

headline system to

highlight our rational and

emotional side alike. The

first line appears in blue

(the rational side), the

second line in orange (the

emotional side) and the

duality principle is reflected

in the wording of the

headline.

This system refers to the

first page title only, all

other headlines are blue.

Learn more about our

verbal identity in the

Sandvik Brand Identity

Directives, which you can

download at the Intranet >

home.sandvik.com/brand

SANDVIK SURFACE TECHNOLOGY

COMMERCIALIZING BIPOLAR PLATE PRODUCTION

AGENDA

1. Introduction to Sandvik

2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates

3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT

− Corrosion resistance & ICR

− Measuring ICR

− Forming of pre-coated SS

4. Cost target

5. Summary and questions

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 2

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HERITAGE

Founded 1862 in

Sandviken, Sweden

A breakthrough and an

innovation started the company.

Göran Fredrik Göransson

redesigned the Bessemer

furnace to mass-produce steel

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 3 2015-11-11

By clicking the “add

picture” icon your

picture will be

inserted into and

cropped to the right

properties in the

placeholder. Do not

use “Insert > Picture

from file” in this

layout.

TIPS & TRICKS!

On the Picture Tools

tab you can click the

crop tool and choose

the “Fill” or “Fit” crop

tool from the drop

down menu to scale

and move your

picture within the

placeholder.

If you don’t use

subheading, please

feel free to move

textbox upwards to

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4

BUSINESS AREAS

Sandvik

Group

Sandvik

Machining

Solutions

Sandvik

Materials

Technology

Sandvik

Construction

Sandvik

Mining

Sandvik

Venture

Unique customer offering

within selected areas.

Equipment, tools, service

and technical solutions for

exploration, excavation and

processing of rock and minerals

in the mining industry.

The world’s widest range

of rock drilling, rock excavation,

rock processing, demolition and

bulk-materials handling

equipment, tools, services and

technical solutions for the

construction

industry.

Holds a clear global leadership

by offering productivity

enhancing products and

solutions for advanced industrial

metal cutting.

Industry-leading provider

of high value-added products in

advanced metallic materials for

selected niches in the most

demanding industries.

33%

38% 35%

16%

10% 6% 37%

53%

12% 3% 7%

Share of Sandvik Group’s total invoicing 2013.

Share of Sandvik Group’s operating

profit 2013 adjusted for nonrecurring charges.

Group activities account for -12%

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015

5

POWDER METALLURGY offers complex

shapes and unique material properties to

segments like energy, aerospace, as well as

3D-printing.

NICKEL ALLOYS to accelerate growth in high

corrosion applications in oil and gas and

chemical.

ADVANCED STAINLESS AND DUPLEX

– next generation of duplex materials

setting the industry standard in segments

like oil and gas – and chemical.

1980 2008

2015

1930

2020

Carbon steels

Special alloys

incl. nickel alloys

Advanced stainless

incl. duplex

Stainless and drill steels

Powder metallurgy

SMT MATERIALS EVOLUTION SETTING THE INDUSTRY STANDARD IN ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015

AGENDA

1. Introduction to Sandvik

2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates

3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT

− Corrosion resistance & ICR

− Measuring ICR

− Forming of pre-coated SS

4. Cost target

5. Summary and questions

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 6

SANDVIK PRE-COATED STRIP FOR PEMFC BPP

7

NANOTECHNOLOGY READY FOR MASS PRODUCTION

Cleaning

Coating steps

Analysis

Shaping

Shaping

Pre-Coated

CONVENTIONAL

METHOD

Logistics

Logistics

Assembly

Assembly

Logistics

Single plate

coating

Ce

Stainless Steel

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 8

SANERGY LT PRODUCTION

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 9

• High capacity PVD coating line

• Coil

• width: < 800 mm

• thickness: 0,07-0,8mm

• Coating

• Homogeneous or heterogeneous

• Multiple layers in one coating run

• In-line thickness control

AGENDA

1. Introduction to Sandvik

2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates

3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT

− Corrosion resistance & ICR

− Measuring ICR

− Forming of pre-coated SS

4. Cost target

5. Summary and questions

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 10

11

• Requirements

• Prevent formation of oxide scale on SS

• Low contact resistance (ICR/ASR)

• Good corrosion resistance

• Good formability / coating adhesion

• Sanergy LT coating

• Graphite-like carbon (GLC) coating

• Metallic interlayer

BPP COATINGS

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015

PROPERTIES OF SANERGY LT

GLC-coated AISI 304L

Currents are in the passive region between

0.6 V and -0.2 V, well below the DOE target

for 2020; I < 1µA/cm2

Testing conditions:

• pH 3, H2SO4

• N2 purge

• 80°C

Corrosion resistance

2015-11-11 12

GLC – 300nA/cm2

GLC – 360nA/cm2

Au-coated ref

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015

Contact resistance

PROPERTIES OF SANERGY LT

• GLC coating comparable to Au-

coating

• ICRGLC = 3-6 mΩ*cm2 @ 14 bar

• ICRAu = 1,5-2 mΩ*cm2 @ 14 bar

2015-11-11 13

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 50 100 150 200

ICR

(mΩ

cm2 )

Pressure (N/cm2)

316L

Au

Sandvik C coating

316L

Au-coated reference

Sandvik GLC

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 14

FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL

2015-11-11

Sandvik / ZSW / Borit NV

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 15

FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL

Forming operation produces cracks in the coating

Impact on ICR?

1. Biaxial strain, 12%

2. ICR

3. Potentiostatic test

• 100h @ 0,7V (vs Ag/AgCl)

• pH3 , H2SO4

• 80ºC, N2

4. ICR

2015-11-11

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 16

FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL

2015-11-11

∆ICR= -1 ± 0,2 mΩ*cm2

Unstrained 12% biaxial strain

Sandvik C

As produced 3,1 3,5

Corr. test (100h) 4,9 3,9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

ICR

(m

Ω*c

m2)

IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 17

FORMING OF COIL-COATED MATERIAL

2015-11-11

∆ICR = -1 ± 0,2 mΩ*cm2

Unstrained 12% biaxial strain

Sandvik C

As produced 3,1 3,5

Corr. test (100h) 4,9 3,9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6IC

R (

mΩ

*cm

2)

• Coating adhesion is key

• No negative impact on ICR as a result of

forming operation

• Exposure of underlying substrate

• Choice of substrate important

• Publishable data of Me ion release not available

• Long-standing relationships with OEMs indication of

stable performance

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 18

MEASURING ICR

F(N)

U

Au-coated Cu cylinders

GDL

Sample I GDL

F(N)

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 19

IN-HOUSE ICR MEASUREMENT

• Importance of ICR measurement

• Key parameter for coating development

• Process optimisation

• Product quality control

• Setup No. 3

• Dedicated for ICR

• I = 1 A/cm2

• R= 20mm, sample size variable

• Stable

• Method error ± 0,2 mΩ*cm2

• CE-certified

AGENDA

1. Introduction to Sandvik

2. Sanergy LT: coil-coated stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates

3. Characteristics of Sanergy LT

− Corrosion resistance & ICR

− Measuring ICR

− Forming of pre-coated SS

4. Cost target

5. Summary and questions

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 20

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 21

COST TARGET, SANERGY LT

• 10€ / m2

• 316L, 0.1mm

• Double-sided GLC coating

• At volume production

SUMMARY – SANERGY LT

1. High capacity production line

− Improved logistics

2. Good corrosion resistance and consistent, low ICR

3. Forming of pre-coated material

− Coating adhesion is key!

− No negative impact on ICR in simulated PEMFC environment

4. Material cost target: 10 €/m2

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 22

Improve SOFC life time by keeping Cr in the steel:

Reduce Cr evaporation

Improve corrosion resistance

Cobalt coating to create (Co,Mn)3O4 to reduce

outward diffusion of chromium

Utilize cerium coating to reduce oxidation rate

Ce

Co

Ce

Co

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFC INTERCONNECTS

Uncoated Ce/Co

AISI441

1000h/800°C

0

0,0002

0,0004

0,0006

0,0008

0,001

0,0012

0,0014

0,0016

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Cr

ev

ap

ora

tio

n (

kg

/m2)

Time(h)

AO Co800nm

AK uncoated

CR EVAPORATION

• (i) prevent Cr-evaporation from steel by using Co coating

Testing condition:

850°C in 20% O2

and 3% H2O

THANK YOU!

2015-11-11 IEA BPP workshop, Vienna 2015 25

Hanna Bramfeldt, PhD

Senior Research Engineer

Sandvik Materials Technology

Mobile: +46 76 126 1355

hanna.bramfeldt@sandvik.com