water policies in india
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Water Policies in
INDIA
• Declining surface water sources like canal and tank irrigation.
• Increased groundwater exploitation.
• Increased depletion of groundwater.
• Replenishment becomes problem if non renewable groundwater is used.
• Resource preservation would not be in the best interest of the
region.
Water Related Issues and Concerns
Need for National Water Policy• Water is a prime natural
resource, a basic human need and a precious national asset.
• Planning, development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspectives.
Objectives of NWP• Water resource planning
• Conservation of water
• Water allocation priorities
• Project planning
• Groundwater development
• Drinking water
• Irrigation
• Resettlement and rehabilitation
• Water sharing amongst the states
Contd.• Private Sector Participation
• Water Quality
• Water Zoning
• Land erosion by sea or river
• Flood Control and management
• Drought prone Area Development
• Performance Improvement
• Maintenance and Modernization
NATIONALWATER
POLICY 2012
Principles of NWP 2012• The principle of equity and social justice must inform
the use and allocation of water.
• A common integrated perspective should govern the planning and management of water resources.
• Water needs to be managed as a common pool community resource.
• Water may be treated as an economic good to promote its conservation and efficient use.
• The river basin should be considered as the basic hydrological unit.
Enhancing water available for use• Rainfall needs to be used directly .
• Aquifers need to be mapped to know the quantum and quality of ground water resources.
• Declining ground water levels in over-exploited areas need to be arrested.
• Inter-basin transfers of water from surplus basins to deficit basins/areas need to be encouraged.
• Integrated watershed development activities with groundwater perspectives need to be undertaken .
Demand management and water use efficiency• Systems to benchmark water use, such as water
footprints and water auditing need to be developed.
• Project appraisals and environment impact assessment should include analyses of water footprints.
• Water needs to be saved during irrigation.
• Small local level irrigation through small bunds, field ponds etc. needs to be encouraged.
Water Pricing• Water Regulatory Authority should be established in each
state.
• Water charges should be determined on a volumetric basis.
• Recycle and reuse of water should be incentivized through a properly planned tariff system.
Adaptation to climate change• Increasing water storage in the
forms of soil moisture, ponds, ground water, small and large reservoirs.
• Enhancing the efficiency of water use through the adoption of agricultural strategies.
• Stakeholder participation in land-soil-water management. • Incorporating coping strategies for possible climate
changes in the planning of water resource structures.
Management of flood and drought• • Agricultural strategies must
be evolved to improve soil and water productivity.
• Revetments (walls), spurs, embankments, etc. should be constructed to prevent soil erosion.
• Flood forecasting needs to be expanded and modernized to the rest of the country .
• Frequency based flood inundation maps should be prepared to evolve coping strategies.
Water supply and sanitation • Least water intensive sanitation and sewerage systems with decentralized sewage treatment plants should be incentivized.
• In urban and industrial areas, rainwater harvesting and de-salinization should be encouraged.
• Urban water supply and sewage treatment schemes should be integrated and executed simultaneously.
• Subsidies and incentives should be implemented to encourage the recovery of industrial pollutants and recycling.
Conservation of river corridors, water bodies and infrastructure • Conservation of river corridors, water bodies and
infrastructure needs to be undertaken.
• Encroachments and diversion of water bodies and drainage channels must not be allowed.
• Pollution of sources of water and water bodies should not be allowed.
• Legally empowered dam safety services need to be ensured.
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Project planning and implementation • All clearances required for implementation should be made
time bound.
• Concurrent monitoring should be undertaken for timely interventions.
• Water resource projects should be executed closely after they are planned.
• Local governing bodies such as panchayats should be involved in the planning of projects.
GANGA ACTION
PLAN
Origination of Ganga Action Plan
• Originated from the intervention of Indira Gandhi .
• Central Ganga Authority (CGA) was formed
• The Ganga Project Directorate (GPD) was established as a wing of the Department of Environment.
• GAP was launched by Rajiv Gandhi at Varanasi.
Objectives of GAP• To abate pollution and improve water quality.
• To conserve biodiversity and develop an integrated river basin management approach.
• To conduct comprehensive research .
• To gain experience for implementing similar river clean up programs in other polluted rivers in India.
GAP-I• Launched in the year 1985 to improve the water quality
of river Ganga.
• Envisaged to intercept, divert and treat 882 mld (Million litres per day) out of 1340 mld of wastewater, generated in 25 class-I towns in 3 States of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
• Completed in March 2000.
GAP-II• Approved in stages from 1993 onwards which included
tributaries of the river Ganga namely, Yamuna, Gomati, Damodar and Mahananda.
• Renamed program as Nation River Conservation Program instead of Ganga Action Plan.
• Spread in 165 towns of 17 different states.
• Undertook pollution abatement works.
Failure of GAP• Inappropriate Environmental Planning.
• Non availability of Environmental State-of-the-Art.
• Improper mass awareness and involvement of Ganga users.
• Lack of local technical expert committees for monitoring work.
• Establishment of non specific Sewage Treatment Plants on highly productive crop lands.
• Insignificant cooperation between Central, State and Local Government bodies.
• Least political dedication and vision to save the Ganga.
Vision for Ganga• Worshipped and defiled simultaneously.
• Unplanned urbanization and industrialization.
• Need to be taught that Ganga has lost its divine role.
• People must be warned that Ganga waters are not worth bathing and drinking.
• A massive campaign “Can we not clean Ganga?” should be launched.
• Central leadership must take the issue seriously.
Thank You
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