walking in indonesian cities

INDONESIAINFRASTRUCTUREINITIATIVE

Walking in Indonesian CitiesProf. Leksmono Suryo Putranto

IndII National Advisor for IURSP

Workshop #3 IURSP

Bandung, 12-13 February 2015

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Minister of Public Work Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2014 on Guidelines on Provision and Use of Urban Pedestrian FacilitiesvsDirectore General of Highways RegulationNo. 76/KPTS/Db/1999 on Guidelines on Pedestrian Facilities Planning on Public Road

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Minimum Standard of Side Walk

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Longitudinal Gradient and Transversal Slopes

•Maximum longitudinal gradient is 8% with maximum length of 9m followed by at least 1.2 m flat surface.

• Transversal slope is between 2% and 4%

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Standard Width of Pedestrian Facilities

Land Use Minimum Width (m) Suggested width (m)

Residential 1.6 2.75

Office 2.0 3.00

Industry 2.0 3.00

School 2.0 3.00

Bus Station/ Bus Stop 2.0 3.00

Shopping/ Recreation 2.0 4.00

Bridge/ Underpass 1.0 1.00

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Side Walk Adjacent to Bicycle Lane

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Walkability in Yogyakarta (Rahmah, 2012)

•Most obstacles in side walks were illegal parkings, electricity/telephone poles and potted plants.

•Most pedestrian felt anxious when crossing the roads because high traffic volume, high traffic speeds and indiscipline drivers/ riders.

•Most pedestrian felt reluctan to use zebra cross because this facility was rarely found and required additional walking to cross the road.

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Yogya People’s Expectation (Rahmah, 2012)

• Minimum side walk width of 1.5 m to accomodate two way pedestrian.

• Accessibility for pedestrian with disability.

• Accessibility for elderly pedestrian (flat side walk).

• Obstacles (including from hawkers) should be minimized.

• Shading from trees are required to encourage walking.

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Problems for People Using Wheel Chair

• Abrupt change of surface elevation such as stairs and side ditch.

• Availability of ramp from road to side walk.

• Limited space to make turn.

• Uneven road or sidewalk surface.

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Problems of People with Physical Disabilities

• High stairs

• Slippery side walks

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Problems of Blind People

• Obstacles (trees, poles, oppened window).

• Availibality/Poor provision of guiding blocks.

• Unclear audio instructions in pedestrian crossing.

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Problems of Deaf People

• Can not hear oral information in terminal/ bus stop.

• Can not hear audio warning such as car horn or sound of moving vehicles.

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Problems of People with Mental Disabilities

Difficulties to find destination address in unfamiliar neighborhoods

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Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Objective and Method

• The aims of the research were to investigate the effect of distractors on the pedestrian skills of children and adults.

• The pedestrian skill of deciding when it is safe to cross a road (decision-making skill) was assessed by a computer-presented simulated pedestrian task.

• The pedestrian skills of Grade 2, Grade 4 and Grade 6 children and adults were assessed in three conditions, without distractors, with on-screen distractors and with off-screen distractors.

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Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Distractors

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Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Results (1)

• Off-road distractors, whether visual or auditory, increased the starting-delay of all age groups.

• No significant difference between off-road-visual and off-road-auditory distractors for any age group except for Grade 6 children.

• Off-road-auditory distractors increased starting-delay more than off-road-visual distractors for Grade 6 children.

• Off-road and on-road distractors increased the number of missed opportunities for Grade 2 children.

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Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Results (2)

• On-road distractors increased the number of missed opportunities of Grade 4 and Grade 6 children.

• The increase was greater for Grade 6 children.

• The number of unsafe crossings was higher in the condition without distractors.

• Overall, decision-making skills were vulnerable to distractors.

• The degree of vulnerability differed depending on age and the specific measures of pedestrian skill.

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Children Crossing Behaviour in Iran (Tabibi and Pfefer, 2014). Starting Delay

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Printed Materials Available for Children/ Parents Traffic Safety Education

• For children 3-5 years old

• For children 6-8 years old

• For children 9-11 years old

• Parental guide for 3-5 years old children

• Parental guide for 6-8 years old children

• Parental guide for 9-11 years old children

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Socialization Materials for 3-5 Years Old

• Actually the basic materials are the same for all age groups.

• However in for the older age groups, feed back from children are gathered using more complicated method.

• In some cases there are additional materials.

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Crossing Facilities

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Holding Hands while Crossing

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Crossing Procedure (1)

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Crossing Procedure (2)

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Safe Crossing Facilities

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Unsafe Crossing Location

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Side Walks

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Unsafe On-Road Activities

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Safe Off-Road and On-Road Activities

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Recommended Colour of Clothing

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Walking in the Rain

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Alighting from Public Transport

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Safe or Unsafe Outdoor Activities?

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Additional Material for 6-8 Years Old Children

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Railway Crossing (6-8 Years Old Material)

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First Aid (6-8 Years Old Material)

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Additional Material for 9-11 Years Old Children

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Road Signs (9-11 Years Old Materials)