use a venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and ... · use a venn diagram to compare and...

Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction

BothSexualAsexual

Offspring

Diverse

Uniform

Trait

Type of

Reproduction

Identical

Different

Budding

1 parent

2 parents

Flowers

Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction

BothSexualAsexual

Offspring

Diverse

Uniform

Trait

Type of

Reproduction

Identical

Different

Budding

1 parent

2 parents

Flowers

Offspring DiverseUniform

Trait

Type of

Reproduction

Identical Different

Budding

1 parent

2 parents

Flowers

Task

◦Heredity Notes

◦Heredity Practice

Goal

◦ I can define heredity.

◦ I can explain the location of genetic material.

◦ I can use vocabulary to describe how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.

Offspring – result of

reproduction; children

or young of a parent

Genetics – Study

of how traits are

inherited by

offspring

Heredity – the passage of

genetic instructions from one

generation to the next

Generation – parents are a

generation, their offspring are

the next generation

Define heredity.◦The passing of genetic material from generation to generation

Genetic Material – are

instructions for inherited traits

Trait – characteristic passed

from parent to offspring; eye

color, face shape

Gene – a section of DNA that codes

for a specific trait

DNA – (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

• Looks like a twisted ladder,

scientist call it a “double helix”

• Makes up a chromosome

Chromosomes – are made up of DNA

• In asexual reproduction a parent cell makes

an exact copy of their chromosomes to pass

on: offspring are uniform

• In sexual reproduction each parent cell copies

their chromosomes, but only donates half of

the chromosomes to pass on: offspring are

diverse

• Humans have 46 or 23 pair of chromosomes

In eukaryotic cells the genetic material

is found in the nucleus

All cells have

genetic material

Traits are

governed in the

genetic material

found: genes

DNA

chromosomes

nucleus

Explain where genetic material is located in eukaryotic cells.◦Genes DNA Chromosome Nucleus

Gregor Mendel – known as the “father

of genetics” because during his

research with pea plants he wrote the

Law of Dominance

Allele - scientist use

letters to represent

traits that are passed

on: basically you

receive one allele from

each parent

• Some traits are

governed by multiple

alleles

Genotype – the actual genetic makeup

found on a chromosome; scientist represent

genotype as letters; can be RR, Rr, rr

Dominant – represented by a capital letter

and are ALWAYS shown because they

mask other traits: always written first: RR or

Rr

Recessive – represented by a lowercase

letter and can only be seen when they are

all that is present: rr

Homozygous / Purebred – alleles in

a gene pair are the same RR or ee

Heterozygous / Hybrid – alleles in a

gene pair are different Ee

Phenotype – physical characteristic

shown: round, wrinkled, green

Probability – possibility that something will

take place

Punnett Square – model created by

Reginald Punnett, used by scientist to

predict traits of an offspring

Step One

Step Three Step Four

Step Two

Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr

R rRr

Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr

R rRr

RR rrRRrr

Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr

R rRr R

RrrRR

rr

Cross Bb (top) with bb (side).

List the % of offspring.