use a venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and ... · use a venn diagram to compare and...
TRANSCRIPT
Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction
BothSexualAsexual
Offspring
Diverse
Uniform
Trait
Type of
Reproduction
Identical
Different
Budding
1 parent
2 parents
Flowers
Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction
BothSexualAsexual
Offspring
Diverse
Uniform
Trait
Type of
Reproduction
Identical
Different
Budding
1 parent
2 parents
Flowers
Offspring DiverseUniform
Trait
Type of
Reproduction
Identical Different
Budding
1 parent
2 parents
Flowers
Task
◦Heredity Notes
◦Heredity Practice
Goal
◦ I can define heredity.
◦ I can explain the location of genetic material.
◦ I can use vocabulary to describe how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.
Offspring – result of
reproduction; children
or young of a parent
Genetics – Study
of how traits are
inherited by
offspring
Heredity – the passage of
genetic instructions from one
generation to the next
Generation – parents are a
generation, their offspring are
the next generation
Define heredity.◦The passing of genetic material from generation to generation
Genetic Material – are
instructions for inherited traits
Trait – characteristic passed
from parent to offspring; eye
color, face shape
Gene – a section of DNA that codes
for a specific trait
DNA – (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
• Looks like a twisted ladder,
scientist call it a “double helix”
• Makes up a chromosome
Chromosomes – are made up of DNA
• In asexual reproduction a parent cell makes
an exact copy of their chromosomes to pass
on: offspring are uniform
• In sexual reproduction each parent cell copies
their chromosomes, but only donates half of
the chromosomes to pass on: offspring are
diverse
• Humans have 46 or 23 pair of chromosomes
In eukaryotic cells the genetic material
is found in the nucleus
All cells have
genetic material
Traits are
governed in the
genetic material
found: genes
DNA
chromosomes
nucleus
Explain where genetic material is located in eukaryotic cells.◦Genes DNA Chromosome Nucleus
Gregor Mendel – known as the “father
of genetics” because during his
research with pea plants he wrote the
Law of Dominance
Allele - scientist use
letters to represent
traits that are passed
on: basically you
receive one allele from
each parent
• Some traits are
governed by multiple
alleles
Genotype – the actual genetic makeup
found on a chromosome; scientist represent
genotype as letters; can be RR, Rr, rr
Dominant – represented by a capital letter
and are ALWAYS shown because they
mask other traits: always written first: RR or
Rr
Recessive – represented by a lowercase
letter and can only be seen when they are
all that is present: rr
Homozygous / Purebred – alleles in
a gene pair are the same RR or ee
Heterozygous / Hybrid – alleles in a
gene pair are different Ee
Phenotype – physical characteristic
shown: round, wrinkled, green
Probability – possibility that something will
take place
Punnett Square – model created by
Reginald Punnett, used by scientist to
predict traits of an offspring
Step One
Step Three Step Four
Step Two
Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr
R rRr
Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr
R rRr
RR rrRRrr
Round is dominant to wrinkled in pea shape.Show the cross for parents that are both heterozygous…. Different alleles Rr
R rRr R
RrrRR
rr
Cross Bb (top) with bb (side).
List the % of offspring.