us in the early 1800s presidents: jefferson, madison, monroe, jq adams, jackson 3 key non-presidents...

US in the Early 1800s

•Presidents: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, JQ Adams, Jackson

•3 Key Non-Presidents•Expansion

Thomas Jefferson as President

• Democratic Republican• Former Sec of State,

Writer of Dec of Ind• Overturns Alien and

Sedition• Barbary Pirates War• Louisiana Purchase• Compromises Principles • Marbury v. Madison

Decision

James Madison

• Democratic Republican• Former Speaker of

House, Writer of Constitution

• War of 1812• 2 Causes of War• British Kidnapping sailors• British arming Indians• War is a tie, result is

“status quo antebellum”• “second war for

independence”

James Monroe

• Democratic Republican

• Last of “powdered wigs”

• “Era of Good Feelings”– Panic of 1819

• Monroe Doctrine• Still used today

Candidate Popular vote Electoral Vote

% of Electoral Vote

Jackson 153,544 99 38

Adams 108,740 54 32

Crawford 46,618 41 16

Clay 47,135 37 14

Election of 1824 – Who won?•231 Total Electoral Votes

John Quincy Adams

• Generational shift• Last “notable”• World of Changing

politics– Very dirty campaigns– “Corrupt Bargain”

• Grand Nationalism

Andrew Jackson

Democrat (changing titles)• 1812 General• Increased Power of Prez• Spoils System• Expansion of Democracy • Tariff / Secession

Controversy • Jackson v. The Bank • Indian Removal

Jackson and the Bank• Bank of US orig. by

Hamilton• 2nd B of US up for re-

charter• Jackson opposes b/c is

undemocratic• Vetoes re-charter bill• Pulls Federal funds from

banks • Effectively kills the Bank

of US

Jackson and the Trail of Tears• Cherokee Indians being forced

from US Southeast• Many of Cherokee had

westernized• Petition for relief through courts• Supreme Court rules in favor of

Cherokee• Jackson disregards Court Ruling,

relocates them to Oklahoma– Thousands die en route

Jacksonian Legacy

• Panic of 1837

• Indian Removal Pattern

• Universal white manhood suffrage

• 6 day week, 10 hour day

• Mass campaigning– (Van Buren architect)

• Whig party

• Lasting controversy

3 Key Non-Presidents• Most of 19thC was era of

Congressional Leadership v. Presidential Leadership

• In many ways these 3 were as influential or more than any president

• They represent changing nature of Sectional v. National America + Buildup to Civil War

Daniel Webster

• NH / MA • Supports Manufacture

/ Trade interests• Federalist leanings• Attorney before the

Supreme Court

Henry Clay

• Kentucky• War Hawk• Nationalist• Presidential Ambitions• Speaker / Sec State• “The Great Compromiser” • Adams election

John Calhoun

• South Carolina• War Hawk • Early Nationalist /

Later Sectionalist• Presidential

aspirations • Driver of nullification /

secession talk

Expansion: Key Events

• Treaty of Paris

• Louisiana Purchase

• Annexation of Texas

• Mexican – American War

• Purchase of Alaska

• Spanish American War

The Northwest Territory 1783

• Added at the end of the Revolution

• Land between Applachians and Mississippi R.

• Question: How to make states?

• Question: Slavery or no?

The Louisiana Purchase 1803

• From the French (Napoleon anticipated retaking it later)

• Constitutional crisis for Jefferson

• Land from Miss R. to Rockies (except TX)

• Largely unknown

• Lewis and Clark

• “The west”

Napoleon

Thomas Jefferson

Lewis and Clark

Sacajawea

Texas 1844

• TX declares independence in 1836

• Story of Mexico and Texas

• The Alamo

• Texas independence

• Annexation

The Alamo today

Painting of the Alamo

Mexican War 1846

• Claim annexation of TX is act of war

• US claims border dispute

• One sided war, US victory

• Take land from Rockies west (CA, NV, UT, CO, NM, AZ)

• Tune up for Civil War generals

Issues with Expansion

• Slavery – Expansion, Balance, Power• Indians – What are their rights?• Manifest Destiny – From Sea to shining

sea…• Later additions

– Alaska (purchased) 1867– Hawaii (conquered) 1896– Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico (thru war with

Spain) 1898

The USA today