u pper limb

Upper limb

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Freely movable on trunk at shoulder joint

Consists of: Shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand

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Shoulder girdle consists of clavicle and the scapula

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ClavicleLong slender bone across the root of the

neck.Sturt holding the arm away from trunk and transmits forces from limb to axial

skeleton and provides attachment to the muscles

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Subcutaneous Medial 2/3rd convex forwardLateral 1/3rd concave forward

Articulations: Sternum and 1st costal cartilage medially Acromian process of scapula laterally

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ScapulaFlat triangular bone Posterior thoracic wall between 2nd and 7th

ribs

Spine of scapula forming acromion articulating with scapula

Superolateral angle fossa glenoid fossa articulating with humerus forming shoulder joint

Coracoid process projects upward and forward, attaches muscles 8

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Subscapular fossa: entire anterior concave surface

Supraspinaous fossa : concave surface above the spine

Infraspinous fossa: concave surface below the spine

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Humerus Head of humerus: 1/3rd of sphere and

articulates with glenoid cavity of scapulaSurgical neck: Just below the sphere is Anatomical Neck: point of fusion of head

with the shaft.Medial and later epicondyles for

attachment of musclesRounded capitulum(lateral) for head of

radius and pulley shaped trochlear for ulna

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AxillaAxilla or armpit, is pyramid shaped space

formed by the axillary folds,Anterior by lower border of pectoralis

major and behind by tendon of latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle

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Contents of axillaAxillary artery (direct continuation of

subclavian) & arteriesAxillary vein & tributries

Brachial plexus: Radial nerve(C5,6,7,8,T1) Median nerve(C5,6,7,8,T1) Ulnar nerve(C8,T1)

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Shoulder jointSynovial ball and socket joint between

rounded head of humeres and glenoid cavity of scapula

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Rotator cuffStabilize the shoulder joint:

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Stabilizes and supports the shoulder joint

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Arm Sheath of deep fascia divides

Anterior compartment Biceps brachii (major muscle) Brachial artery Musculocutaneous nerve Flexes the elbow joint

Posterior compartment Triceps muscle Branches of brachial artery Radial nerve Extends the elbow joint 20

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Cubital fossaTriangular depression in front of the elbowBrachioradialis muscle, laterallyPronator teres, mediallySkin,fascia, superiorly and Imaginary line between the 2 condyles of

humeres

Contains: Median nerve, Bifurcation of brachial artery into ulnar and radial

arteries Radial nerve

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Radiuslateral bone of forearmArticulations,Proxiamally, with humeres and ulnaDistally, with scaphoid, lunate and ulna

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Ulna Ulna is the medial bone of the forearm

Articulations: * trochlea of the humerus, at the right side elbow as a

hinge joint with semilunar trochlear notch of the ulna. * the radius, near the elbow as a pivot joint, this allows

the radius to cross over the ulna in pronation. * the distal radius, where it fits into the ulna notch. * the radius along its length via the interosseous

membrane that forms a syndesmoses joint.

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Wrist Eight carpal bones, made of 2 rows of 4

bonesProximal row(lateral to medial):

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, PisiformDistal row:

Trapezium,trapezoid, capitate and hamate

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Wrist jointDistal end of radius and articular disc

above and scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones below.

Synovial ellipsoidal joint

Intercarpal jointsSynovial plane joints

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Palm is made of metacarpals, and phalanges

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