trade in africa 1. trans- saharan trade qn what was trans- saharan trade? · 2020. 4. 25. · trade...
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TRADE IN AFRICA
1. TRANS- SAHARAN TRADE
Qn What was Trans- Saharan trade?
Trans- Saharan trade was the type of trade carried out by the people of West and
North Africa across Sahara Desert.
Trans- Saharan traders moved in caravans/ convoys/large groups.
QN Why did Trans- Saharan traders move in caravans?
For protection against bandits.
For safety
Trans Saharan trade routes
Items of trade from;
1. West Africa North Africa
- Slaves - guns
- Ivory - gun powder
- Gold - clothes
- Salt - utensils
- Skins and hides - ornaments
- Tortoise shells - jewelry.
Problems faced by Trans- Saharan traders
Attacks from bandits
Strong sand storms
High temperatures
Shortage of safe drinking water.
N.A
W.A
Effects of Trans- Saharan trade
Qn How did Trans- Saharan Trade affect the people of Africa?
It united Africans of western and Northern regions
New trade items were introduced
African chiefs and kings grew rich
It led to the growth of ancient kingdoms e.g. Ghana
It improved on peoples living standards
Negative effects of Trans – Saharan trade
It led to depopulation of west Africa
It led to displacement of people.
It led to decrease vin the number of elephants in West Africa.
Guiding questions
1. How were oases important to Trans- Saharan traders?
2. How was Gore Island important to Trans- Saharan trade?
3. Why did Trans- Saharan traders move in caravans?
4. What was the main item of trade from West Africa during Trans- Saharan trade?
2. TRANS- ATLANTIC TRADE/ TRIANGULAR TRADE
Trans – Atlantic Trade was the type of trade carried out by the people of Africa, Europe,
North and South America across Atlantic Ocean.
It was also called triangular trade.
QN Why was Trans-Atlantic trade sometimes called Triangular Trade?
The trade routes formed a triangular shape when joined.
Triangular routes
Items of trade during Trans- Atlantic trade
a) From Africa to Europe
- Slaves
- Ivory
- Gold
- Skins and hides
b) From North America
- Sugar canes
- Tobacco
- Silver
- Cotton
- Tea
- Copper
c) From Europe to Africa
- Guns
- Spirits
- Gunpowder
- Clothes
- Iron Bars
- Bronze
Africa
Europe
Atlantic Ocean
South
America
North America
Effects of Trans –Atlantic trade to Africa.
QN How did Trans-Atlantic trade contribute to the development of West Africa?
It led to introduction of new trade items into Africa
It opened Africa with the rest of the continents
African chiefs and kings grew rich
It led to depopulation of West Africa
It improved on people’s living standards
Other types of trade long ago.
a. Long distance trade
- Long distance trade was the type of trade carried out by the people at the East African
Coast and the interior.
- It was called long distance trade because it involved moving long distances.
- Arab traders were the main controllers of long distance trade.
Effects of long distance trade
It united the coastal and interior people.
New items of trade were brought
It led to development of coastal towns
African chiefs and kings grew rich
It led to development of ancient kingdoms like Nyamwezi, Wanga and Buganda.
led to reduction in the number of elephants in East Africa due to ivory trade
It promoted peace and unity.
Qn: How did Ivory trade affect the number of elephants in East Africa?
TRADE TODAY
b. Monetary trade
This is the type of trade where money is used as a medium of exchange.
Legitimate trade
This was the type of trade that replaced slave trade.
1. INTERNAL TRADE
QN What is internal trade?
Internal trade is the type of trade carried out within the boundaries of a country.
Internal trade is also called domestic/ home trade
Advantages of home trade
Qn : How is internal trade important in the development of a country?
It promotes peace and unity
It promotes friendship
It promote s security
It promotes cooperation
It improves on living standards of people.
It creates market for local goods
It leads to development of transport and communication network.
It promotes urbanization
It promotes industrialization
It is a source of government revenue.
2. INTERNATIONAL TRADE
This is a type of trade carried out amongst many countries
There are two types of international trade;
- Bi – lateral trade
- Multi-lateral trade
Meaning of terms
a. Bi- lateral
The type of international trade carried out between two countries
b. Multi –lateral
The type of international trade carried out among many countries.
NB: the geographical location of Kenya and Tanzania contributed to their success in
international trade.
Qn: How has the location of Kenya and Tanzania contributes to their success in
international trade?
They have sea ports that handle their imports and exports.
Their goods do not delay on the way
Their goods are not over taxed
Their goods have privacy.
Qn How has the location of Uganda and Rwanda negatively affected their success in
international trade?
Their goods lack privacy
Their goods are over taxed
Their goods delay in transit
They lack seaports that would handle their imports and exports
GUIDING QUESTIONS (Answer these questions)
1. What is the difference between imports and exports?
2. What is the difference between excise and custom tax?
3. Why should a country like Uganda export processed goods than raw materials?
4. Why should a country like Uganda use more than one seaport in importing and
exporting her goods?
5. Give a reason why Uganda mainly uses port Mombasa than Port Dar-salaam in
exporting and importing her goods?
6. Why should a country with a fast growing population modernize her agricultural
sector?
Advantages of international trade
It creates a wider market for goods
It promotes international friendship
It creates employment chances
It promotes unity
It promotes urbanization
It promotes industrialization
It is a source of government revenue
It leads to development of transport and communication network
It improves on people’s living standards
It promotes cooperation
It promotes security
Reasons why Uganda should be in friendly terms with her neighbours
To promote unity
To promote friendship
To create a wider market for goods
To promote trade
To allow free movement of people and goods from one country to another.
To get goods she does not produce.
Effects of European Traders in Africa.
QN How did the coming of European traders affect the development of Africa?
They introduced new trade items
They linked Africa to Europe
They opened Africa to external trade
They exploited Africa’s resources
THE COMING OF EUROPEANS TO AFRICA
For a long time, Africa was often referred to as a dark continent by Europeans because
little information was known about the interior of Africa.
Groups of Europeans that came to Africa
Explorers -Christian missionaries
Colonialists/Administrators -European traders
White settlers
THE COMING OF EARLY EUROPEAN EXPLORERS TO AFRICA
Vocabulary
a. Explorers
These are people who travel to unknown lands to learn more about them.
b. Exploration/ Expedition
-Exploration is the act of travelling to unknown lands to study and know more about them.
Qn. Who were explorers?
Explorers were people who came to Africa to study Physical features.
PORTUGUESE EXPLORERS
They came from Portugal
They never entered the interior of Africa but simply sailed along the Coastal areas of
Africa.
Their main aim was to discover the shortest sea route from Portugal to India(Europe to
India)
NB: Portuguese were interested in discovering the shortest route to India in order to trade in silk
and spices
Examples of Portuguese explorers
Bartholomew Diaz -
Vasco Da Gama
Prince Henry the Navigator
Reasons for the coming of the Portuguese.
To discover the shortest sea route to India
To spread Christianity
To build a resting base at the East African coast
To attack Islam and its followers
To acquire over sea colonies
BARTHOLOMEW DIAZ
He was the first Portuguese explorer to reach the Cape of South Africa.
He named Cape Town as Cape of storms
WHY?
Due to strong storms that defeated Portuguese explorers to sail to India
NB: King John II renamed “Cape of Storms” as Cape of good hope”
WHY?
To encourage Portuguese explorers
King John II had hoped that the “Cape of Storms” would give away to the far East.
VASCO DA GAMA
He discovered the shortest sea route to India
He made two journeys to East Africa i.e.
1st journey (1497) – To discover the shortest route to India
2nd
journey (1502) – To trade with East Africa
He was not welcomed by Arabs to East Africa on his 1st journey
WHY?
Arab traders did not want Europeans to interfere with their trade.
NB: Sultan Sayyid Ali was the Sultan of Malindi who welcomed Vasco Da Gama
Ahmed Bin Majid guided Vasco Da Gama to India.
PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR
He was the prince of Portugal
He was a professional sailor
He built a school of sailors at Sagres
Contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator
He built a school of sailors at Sagres
He sponsored many voyages.
EUROPEAN EXPLORERS IN AFRICA
For many years, Africa was often referred to as a dark continent by
Europeans because,
i) Little information was known about the interior of Africa
ii) Europeans did not have much information about the interior of
Africa.
Therefore, Many European countries like Britain, Germany, Portugal,
Scotland, France, Spain and many others sent explorers to Africa to
find out the unknown (mysteries) about African continent.
Reasons for the coming of explorers to Africa
To discover sources of major rivers in Africa (WHY?)
To study the physical features of Africa.
To find out possible chances of trade with Africa.
To win fame and prestige
Reasons why explorers wanted to discover the source of river Nile.
To control Nile Valley countries
To have full control over river Nile
To strengthen their position in Egypt.
For navigation.
Examples of European Explorers that came to Africa
a) To East Africa,
John Hanning Speke
James Augustus Grant
Richard Francis Burton
Sir Samuel White Baker
Joseph Thompson
Jacob Erhardt
Johan Rebmann
Ludwig Krapf
Count Samuel Teleki
Dr. David Livingstone
Henry Morton Stanley
James Bruce
Richard Riese Kandt
Adolf Gotzen
Dr. Gastav Fisher
b) To West Africa,
Mungo Park
John Lander
Richard Lander
Mary Henrietta Kingsley
Gordon Laing
Dr Gaspard Mollen
N.B Most European explorers that came to East Africa entered through
Tanzania instead of Kenya which was a shorter route.
WHY?
Feared dangerous wild animals in the interior
Feared hostile tribes
Feared tropical diseases like Malaria.
Tanzania had safer routes
Explorers entered East Africa through Bagamoyo in Tanzania.
(Bagamoyo was the entry point for most explorers to East Africa)
WHY?
Bagamoyo had safer routes.
The people of Bagamoyo were friendly (Due to the hospitality of the
people of Bagamoyo).
NOTE. Most Exploeres to East Africa first visited Zanzibar
Reasons why most explorers to East Africa first visited Zanzibar
To get permission from the sultan of Zanzibar
To get porters/helpers
To learn Kiswahili/local language.
To get guides and guards
To get interpreters
Chief Rumanika of Karagwe was very helpful to early explorers in
East Africa.
HOW?
He sheltered them
Treated James Augustus Grant.
Fed them
Gave them guides
Signed treaties of friendship with them
Gave them hospitality
ACTIVITY 10
1. State one reason for the coming of early explorers to Africa.
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Name the first European explorer to come to Uganda.
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How was river Nile a major factor for the coming of early explorers
to Uganda?
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mention one reason why explorers were interested in discovering
the source of river Nile.
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Give one reason why most explorers to East Africa entered
through Tanzania instead of Kenya which was a shorter route
……….………………………………………………………………………………
6. How was Bagamoyo important during exploration of East Africa?
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. State two reasons why explorers to East Africa first visited Zanzibar.
i)…………………………………….……ii)………………………………………
8. Give any two ways in which chief Rumanika of Karagwe was
helpful to early explorers to East Africa.
i)……………………………………………………………………………………
ii)……………………………………………………….…………………………....
9. Name any one country that sent early explorers to East Africa.
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. How was the Royal Geographical Society helpful to early
explorers to Africa?
………………………………………………………………………………………
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