trade patterns before 600 ce - loganville high - marcus reidlhs.walton.k12.ga.us/new/teachers/ss...
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Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns
Before 600 CE
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
What are the four most well known ancient trade routes?
• Mediterranean Sea Maritime Trade (c. 1550 BCE – Present)
• Trans-Saharan Trade Routes (c. 800 BCE – Present)
• Indian Ocean Maritime Trade Route (c. 300 BCE – Present)
• Eurasian Silk Road (c. 200 BCE – Present)
What other ancient trade routes were important?
• Via Maris or “The way of the Sea” (c. 3100 BCE – 1500 CE)
• Canal of the Pharaohs (c. 600 BCE – 767 CE)
• Incense Trade Route (c. 300 BCE – 200 CE)
• Grand Trunk Trade Route (c. 300 BCE – Present)
• The Amber Road (c. 200 BCE – 300 CE)
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
Mediterranean
Sea Trade Route
• Originated by
Phoenician Sea-faring
traders (c. 1550 BCE)
• Centered on the
Phoenician trade
centers of Carthage,
Cyrene and Tyre
• Travel by sea was
usually by means of
a man-powered
vessel with oars
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
VIA MARIS
“Way of the Sea”
• Mediterranean
Coastal Trade Route
originated in the
Levant (c. 3100 BCE)
KING’S HIGHWAYS
• Linking land trade
routes connected
the regions of Egypt
to Mesopotamia
(c. 3000 – 1500 BCE)
• VIA MARIS and the KING’S HIGHWAYS
paved the way for the Phoenicians to create a vast
Mediterranean Trade Route by 1550 BCE
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE ROUTES
• The Darb el-Arbain trade route is the earliest of the known Trans-Saharan
Caravan Trade Routes (c. 3000 BCE) linking Egypt to the Sudan & Ethiopia
• Nomadic Saharan Tribes known as Berber were the first to dominate trade
• Expansion of the Trans-Saharan Trade Networks occurred due to the
domestication of the Camel (c. 1000 BCE) and the spread of Islam (c. 640 CE)
Java
Sumatra
Kilwa
Zanzibar
India
Persia Egypt China
Ethiopia
Hormuz
Basra
Dhufar
Calicut
Cambay
Aden
Aksum
Sofala
Zeila
Canton
Madagascar
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns
Before 600 CE
INDIAN OCEAN TRADE
• Incense Trade from Dhufar
and Aden served as the
driving force to open Indian
Ocean Trade by c. 300 BCE
• The Canal of the Pharaohs:
Completed by Ptolemy II
in 274/273 BCE
Created a shipping route
from the Nile River to the
Gulf of Suez (Red Sea) • Greco-Roman Indian
Ocean trade expanded
by 200 CE due to trade
in Perfumes & Spices
• Camel Caravans linked Red
Sea ports to Arabia by land
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
SILK ROAD
• The earliest records of trade along the Silk Road dates to 2nd Century BCE
• Diplomats like Zhang Qian (c. 138-139 BCE) and Buddhist Pilgrims like Fa-Hsien
(c. 399 – 414 CE) were the earliest to record the people and trade of the route
Afro-Eurasian Trade
Patterns before 600 CE
• The Grand Trunk Route (Northern India)
Linked the Mauryan Empire of India to the
Silk Route as early as the 3rd Century BCE.
Still used today by cross-country truckers
• The Amber Road (Northern Europe)
Developed around 1st Century CE
Amber treasured in Greece, Rome
& Egypt as a Jewel & Static power
Danube replaced route by 300 CE
• Domestication of the Horse occurred by 4000 BCE
• Hittites & Hyksos used Horse drawn Chariots c. 1800 BCE
• Assyrians & Sythians developed padded saddle c. 800 BCE
• Sarmatians developed saddle with girth and breastplate to help keep the saddle secure by c. 300 BCE
• Sarmatians are also credited with developing a stirrup for mounting the horse
• The first known double stirrup was in China c. 322 CE
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION
• Origins for use of the Ox and Yoke can not be determined
• However, it was used in ancient Egypt, China & Persia
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION
• The Bactrain (two hump) Camel was domesticated around 2700 BCE
• The Arabian (one hump) Camel was domesticated around 1000 BCE
• The earliest known use of a Saddle for Camels occurred by 1200 BCE
• By 1000 BCE, use of Camel Caravans were popular throughout the regions of Central Asia
• By c. 800 BCE, Camels were being used in the Trans-Sahara
• Between 500 – 100 BCE, Bactrain Camels were being used in the Persian military
Afro-Eurasian Trade Patterns before 600 CE
CHANGES IN
TRANSPORTATION
• The Lateen Sail & Dhow
Egyptians & Phoenicians
used Square Sails as
early as 3500 BCE
Arabs developed the first
Triangular sails c. 200 BCE
Greeks were using the Dhow and
Triangular sails on the Agean Sea
by the end of the 2nd Century BCE
In the 3rd Century CE, the Dhow
and Lateen sails dominated sea
trade from the Mediterranean to
East Africa and the Indian Ocean