torino presentation barletta 5 23 2008

US Particle Accelerator School

New Opportunities in Accelerator-based

Science, Medicine & Industry

William A. Barletta

Director, United States Particle Accelerator School

Department of Physics, MIT

US Particle Accelerator School

Research machines account for a smallpercentage of accelerators

From L. Rivkin, CHIPP Lectures, 2008

Total number ~15000

growing at ~10% per year

US Particle Accelerator School

What are these machines used for?

From L. Rivkin, CHIPP Lectures, 2008

US Particle Accelerator School

Research: How can we understand the

underlying structure of things?

Wilhelm Röntgen Discovered X-rays in 1895

US Particle Accelerator School

First X-ray diffraction image of a live picoplankton

(FLASH FEL in Hamburg)

0 30606030Resolution length on the detector (nm)

March 2007

FLASH soft X-ray laser

Hamburg, Germany

FLASH pulse length: 10 fsWavelength: 13.5 nm RECONSTRUCTED

CELL STRUCTURE

J. Hajdu, I. Andersson, F. Maia, M. Bogan, H. Chapman, and the imaging collaboration

Filipe Maia, Uppsala

Thanks

J.Hajdu and H. Chapman

US Particle Accelerator School

Industrial application of accelerators:

X-ray flash radiography

Debris cloud produced

by an Al sphere impacting

a thin AL shield at hypervelocity.

Source:. http://www.udri.udayton.edu/NR/exeres/9E82E5F2-AC29-4467-8F15-0E5A7FEA48F3.htm

US Particle Accelerator School

Example: Conformal gamma ray therapy

Multi-axis exposure of tumor

Challenge: Kill the tumor cells

w/o killing healthy tissue

Gamma rays from electron linac

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Neutron sources for research,industry & medicine

TARGET CHAMBER

Length 26cmDiameter 28cmWeight 40lb

VACUUMCHAMBER

TARGET COOLING

ANTENNA

Ti COATINGEXTRACTIONGRID

MAGNETS

For D-D neutron output ~ 1.2 x 1012 n/sFor D-T neutron output ~ 3.5 x 1014 n/s

@ 80 kW of beam, 10% d.f.

Limiting parameter is power density on target

PLASMAION

SOURCE

US Particle Accelerator School

The (BTO), from AWE in Aldermaston, UK is a set of six nested cylinders of

C, (C2H4) n, Al, W, (C2H4) n & W (respectively) with a solid polyethylene

core. Twelve 30-minute exposures of the assembly were reconstructed into

a mock tomographic image which clearly shows the detailed joint structure

in the outer shells. (from LLNL)

Neutron images of “British Test Object”

US Particle Accelerator School

Future industrial applications:

Ion beam lithography

US Particle Accelerator School

FOM - Tumor control probability

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 10 20 30 40

Tum

or

Contr

ol P

robabili

ty

Tumor RBE-Dose (Gy Eq)

Dots indicate tumor doses near midline of brain for BMRR and LBNL Beams (for specific head, treated to maximal normal tissue dose) BMRR Beam

LBNL Beam

Calculated Tumor Control Probability(Laramore's parameters)

Control of gliobastoma multiformae with neutron capture therapy

US Particle Accelerator School

Neutral beams to heat fusion plasmas

Example: neutral beams for TFTR at Princeton

ITER will require 60 MW of neutral beam heaters

Neutral beam injectors