topic 3.0 – chemical compounds. chemical compounds element – simplest form of matter; cannot be...

Topic 3.0 – Chemical Compounds

Chemical Compounds

Element – simplest form of matter; cannot be broken down any further

Ex. Au, carbonCompound – formed from two or more

elements Can be separated into its elements by using electricity Ex. NaCl, H20

Compounds

There are 2 types of compounds:1) Ionic compounds2) Molecular Compounds

Each compound can be represented by its name or chemical formula

Chemical formula – symbols and numbers representing which atoms and how many are in the compound

Fill out the chart.

Elements # of Atoms of each element

Total # of atoms

H20

NaCl

MgCl2

Fe2O3

IUPAC – international union of pure and applied chemistry

-creates rules for naming compounds

Ion- is an atom that has lost or gained has lost or gained electronselectrons; it is a charged atom

-ions are formed only when metals and non-metals are dissolved in water or in an ionic compound**

A. Ionic Compounds

*A compound that is formed from a metal ion metal ion and a non-metalnon-metal ion.*

Properties of Ionic CompoundsHigh melting point (are usually solids)Good conductivity when melted or dissolved

in waterSolids are crystal shapeBreak into ions when dissolved in water

A. Ionic Compounds

Naming :1.Name the metal ion first.2.Name the non-metal second.3.Write in all lowercase letters4.Change the ending of the non-metal to –ide.

A. Ionic Compounds

Ex. BaCl2

Ex. K2S

Ex. Sr3P2

Ex. AlP

Ex. ZrO2

Ex. Li2S

A. Ionic Compounds

Formulas:1.Write down the metal and non-metal symbols

and charges.2.Balance the + and – charges by adding ions.3.Write the metal symbols first. Write the

number of metal atoms needed as a subscript.

4.Write the non-metal symbols second. Write the number of the non-metal atoms needed as a subscript.

Ionic Compounds

Ex. barium sulphide

Ex. potassium oxide

Ex. Calcium nitride

Ionic Compounds

Ex. Aluminum chloride

Ex. Sodium oxide

Ex. Silver chloride

Ionic Compounds

Multivalent ions Multivalent ions are those metal atoms that have 2 or more charges listed Ex. Sn2+ or 4 +, Pb2 + or 4 +

-when you name compounds with these, you MUST write down which charge is being used using roman numerals.

I – one, II – two, III – three, IV- four, V-fiveVI - six

Ionic compounds

FeCl3

Fe2O3

NiS

CuCl

CuBr2

PtO2

Molecular Compounds

A compound made from >2 non-metal atoms (no metals)

Properties of Molecular CompoundsAre solid, liquid or gas at room tempDo not conduct (are insulators)Low melting and boiling pointsEx. Sugar, H20, CO2

Molecular Compounds

Naming1.Write down the prefix of the first atom

(except –mono).2.Write down this atoms name.3.Write down the second atoms prefix (all).4.Write down this atoms name. Change ending

to –ide.

Molecular compounds

Prefixes – must memorize1- mono2- di3-tri4- tetra5 - penta

Molecular Compounds

Ex. CO2

Ex. CO

Ex. N2O

Molecular Compounds

CCl4

SF5

N2O3

Molecular Compounds

Writing the Formula1. Write down the atom name and its prefix.

Molecular compounds

Ex. sulphur dibromide

Ex. silicon tetrafluoride

Ex. phosphorus trichloride

Common Molecular Compounds

These compounds are used so often they have common names:

> ammonia NH3 > water H20 > glucose C6H12O6 > hydrogen peroxide H2O2 >

Ionic or Molecular?

Ex. AlCl3

Ex. NaCl

Ex. SO3

Matching

Match the name to the unknown substance: sodium chloride or sulphur dioxide

Melting Point Conductivity State

Identity

#1 high High Solid

#2 Low Low Gas