the skeleton - learner...
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SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 1
THE SKELETON
Types of Bones
Activity 1: Name the 4 different TYPES of bones. Check your answer on page 14.
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Activity 2: What type of bone are these?
Name an example of where you would find this type of bone in your body.
Check your answer on page 14 and look at the diagram.
Diagram
Type Example
Activity 3: Are these bones in your UPPER limbs or LOWER limbs?
Check your answer on page 14 & look at the diagram.
Bone Upper or Lower? Bone Upper or Lower?
humerus patella
femur tibia
carpals ulna
fibula metatarsals
radius planages
Use pencil!
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 2
Did you know…? Tick the boxes.
Axial the central part around which everything revolves
Appendicular is the part that is joined to something larger
Thorax is your chest & bugs have a thorax too!
A column is vertical
Sternum is important when we do CPR
Cranium is a fancy word for your skull;
Your face has 14 small bones
Vertebral Column:= 7 Cervical + 12 Thoracic + 5 Lumbar + 5 Sacrum + 4 Coccyx = 33
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 3
The skeleton: Anterior view
Activity 4: In what part of the body would you find these bones? Complete the table.
Answers are on page 15.
HEAD BODY LEGS & FEET ARMS & HANDS
Bone Part of body Correct your errors 1 Frontal 2 Metatarsals 3 Sternum 4 Costal Cartilages 5 Phalanges 6 Temporal 7 Xiphoid process 8 Radius 9 Clavicle 10 Nasal 11 Ischium 12 Ulna 13 Pubis 14 Orbit 15 Carpals 16 Femur 17 Maxilla 18 False ribs 19 Saccrum 20 Patella 21 True ribs 22 Metacarpals 23 Tibia 24 Floating rib 25 Fibula 26 Phalanges 27 Ilium 28 Mandible 29 Talus 30 Coccyx 31 Pubic symphysis 32 Lumbar vertebrae
Use pencil!
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 4
Activity 5: Now group the bones together. Complete the table.
Check your answers on p15.
Talus Ilium Mandible
Metatarsals Phalanges Nasal
Sternum Fibula Ulna
Costal Cartilages Coccyx Tibia
Phalanges Pubis Orbit
Temporal Ischium Maxilla
Floating rib False ribs Carpals
Radius Femur Pubic symphysis
Frontal Patella Metacarpals
Clavicle True ribs Xiphoid process
Lumbar vertebrae Saccrum
HEAD BODY LEGS & FEET ARMS & HANDS 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 5
Funny (corny) ways to remember difficult names of bones:
Humerus… funny bone
Floating rib… not attached like the other ribs are
Costal cartilages…cost a lot
Ilium…is it like a Llama?
Ulna…under your arm
Radius…a bit curved, like a circle
Coccyx… tail-bone…if you had a tail, that’s where it would be!
Orbit… round shape
Mandible… man dribbles from the mouth
Sternum… this is serious (stern)
Ischium… is-she-ummm…single?
Phalanges… sounds like falanges…fingers (and toes)
Femur… your figh bone, I mean thigh bone!
Clavicle… collar-bone…where you wear your shirt collar
Frontal… front of your face
Maxilla… for a maximum smile!
Patella… sounds like nutella, with more peanuts
Now you make up your own silly ways of remembering some:
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SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 6
Memory cards
Cut out these cards and carry them with you. Make notes on the back if you like. When
you have a boring moment, such as waiting on the train station, you can get them out
and look at them for revision. The more often you look at them, the more likely you will
remember them.
Practise pronouncing each bone. Say the word a couple of times, while touching your
own body where the bone is.
If you want to hear the word, use an on-line dictionary, such as www.dictionary.com
Fron-tal Tem-por-al
Meta-tar-sals Xi-phoid pro-cess
Ster-num Ra-di-us
Cost-al Cart-il-ages Clav-icle
Pha-lan-ges Na-sal
Pu-bis Isch-i-um
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 7
Or-bit Ul-na
Car-pals False ribs
Fe-mur Sa-crum
Max-illa Pa-tella
True ribs Pha-lan-ges
Meta-car-pals Il-i-um
Ti-bi-a Man-dible
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 8
Float-ing rib Ta-lus
Fib-u-la Cocc-yx
Pu-bic symph-y-sis Lum-bar vert-e-brae
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 9
The skeleton: Posterior view
Learn to understand the language of anatomy.
Here’s an easy way to remember what Anterior and Posterior mean:
a.m. is in the morning p.m. is in the evening
anterior is first (the front) posterior is later (the back)
Did you know…? Tick the box if you have heard these common meanings:
Vertebra is a single spinal bone Cranium animals that have skulls are called craniates.
Cervical means neck Sacrum is a triangle shape
Thoracic comes from thorax which is the big middle part of an insect
Scapula is your shoulder blade
Lumbar is lower Carpals are in your wrist
Coccyx is your tail-bone Atlas was a Greek god who carried the weight of the world on his shoulders
Tarsals are like carpals in your foot
Meta means adjacent to (meta tarsals)
Use pencil!
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 10
Activity 6: Look at the two diagrams below.
List the bones that are labelled on the Posterior view diagram, that are not labelled on the
Anterior view diagram.
Check your answers on Page 16.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________
Anterior view
Posterior view
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 11
Activity 7: In what part of the body would you find these bones?
Check your answers on page 16.
HEAD & NECK UPPER BODY LOWER BODY
ARMS LEGS FEET HANDS
Bone Part of the body Correct your errors
1 Calcaneus
2 Tibia
3 Phalanges
4 Carpals
5 Coccyx
6 Metacarpals
7 Clavicle
8 Metatarsals
9 Sacrum
10 Lumbar vertebrae
11 Cervical vertebrae
12 Atlas
13 Tarsals
14 Ribs
15 Cranium
16 Mandible
17 Humerus
18 Scapula
19 Ulna
20 Pelvic girdle
21 Radius
22 Femur
23 Fibula
24 Thoracic vertebrae
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 12
More memory cards
Cut out these cards and carry them with you. Make notes on the back if you like. When
you have a boring moment, such as waiting on the train station, you can get them out
and look at them for revision. The more often you look at them, the more likely you will
remember them.
Practise pronouncing each bone. Say the word a couple of times, while touching your
own body where the bone is.
If you want to hear the word, use an on-line dictionary, such as www.dictionary.com
Cal-ca-ne-us Tar-sals
Tib-i-a Ribs
Pha-lan-ges Cra-ni-um
Car-pals Man-dible
Cocc-yx Hum-er-us
Meta-car-pals Sca-pu-la
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 13
Clav-icle Ul-na
Meta-tar-sals Pel-vic gir-dle
Sa-ccrum Ra-di-us
Lum-bar ver-te-brae Fe-mur
Cer-vical ver-te-brae Fib-u-la
At-las Tho-racic ver-te-brae
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 14
Answers: Bones
Activity 1: long, short, flat, and irregular.
Activity 2:
Diagram
Type Examples
Short bone Trapezoid; metacarpals; wrist bones & ankle bones
Long bone Humerus; all limb bones (except wrists & ankles)
Flat bone Sternum; skull; ribs
Irregular Vertebra; hip bones
Activity 3:
Bone Upper or Lower? Bone Upper or Lower?
humerus upper patella lower
femur lower tibia lower
carpals upper ulna upper
fibula lower metatarsals lower
radius upper planages upper AND lower
Types of
bones
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 15
Answers: Anterior View
Activities 4 & 5:
Bone
Part of body
1 Frontal head 2 Metatarsals legs & feet 3 Sternum body 4 Costal Cartlilages body 5 Phalanges legs & feet 6 Temporal head 7 Xiphoid process body 8 Radius arms & hands 9 Clavicle body 10 Nasal head 11 Ischium body 12 Ulna arms & hands 13 Pubis body 14 Orbit head 15 Carpals arms & hands 16 Femur legs & feet 17 Maxilla head 18 False ribs body 19 Saccrum body 20 Patella legs & feet 21 True ribs body 22 Metacarpals arms & hands 23 Tibia legs & feet 24 Floating rib body 25 Fibula legs & feet 26 Phalanges arms & hands 27 Ilium body 28 Mandible head 29 Talus legs & feet 30 Coccyx body 31 Pubic symphysis body 32 Lumbar vertebrae body
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES
24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 16
Answers: Posterior view
Activity 6: Thoracic Vertebrae Tarsals Cranium Atlas
Scapula Calcaneus Pelvic Girdle
Activity 7:
Bone Part of the body
1 Calcaneus feet
2 Tibia leg
3 Phalanges hands
4 Carpals hands
5 Coccyx lower body
6 Metacarpals hands
7 Clavicle upper body
8 Metatarsals feet
9 Sacrum lower body
10 Lumbar vertebrae lower body
11 Cervical vertebrae head & neck
12 Atlas head & neck
13 Tarsals feet
14 Ribs upper body
15 Cranium head & neck
16 Mandible head & neck
17 Humerus arms
18 Scapula upper body
19 Ulna arms
20 Pelvic girdle lower body
21 Radius arms
22 Femur legs
23 Fibula legs
24 Thoracic vertebrae upper body
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