the skeleton - learner...

$: THE SKELETON - Learner Supportsutherlandlearnersupport.sydneyinstitute.wikispaces.net/file/view... · 24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 1 THE SKELETON Types$
SYDNEY INSTITUTE/ SUTHERLAND COLLEGE/LOFTUS CAMPUS/FOUNDATION STUDIES

24/06/2010 G:\Health&RecWikiResources\The Skeleton.docx 1

THE SKELETON

Types of Bones

Activity 1: Name the 4 different TYPES of bones. Check your answer on page 14.

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Activity 2: What type of bone are these?

Name an example of where you would find this type of bone in your body.

Check your answer on page 14 and look at the diagram.

Diagram

Type Example

Activity 3: Are these bones in your UPPER limbs or LOWER limbs?

Check your answer on page 14 & look at the diagram.

Bone Upper or Lower? Bone Upper or Lower?

humerus patella

femur tibia

carpals ulna

fibula metatarsals

radius planages

Use pencil!



Did you know…? Tick the boxes.

Axial the central part around which everything revolves

Appendicular is the part that is joined to something larger

Thorax is your chest & bugs have a thorax too!

A column is vertical

Sternum is important when we do CPR

Cranium is a fancy word for your skull;

Your face has 14 small bones

Vertebral Column:= 7 Cervical + 12 Thoracic + 5 Lumbar + 5 Sacrum + 4 Coccyx = 33



The skeleton: Anterior view

Activity 4: In what part of the body would you find these bones? Complete the table.

Answers are on page 15.

HEAD BODY LEGS & FEET ARMS & HANDS

Bone Part of body Correct your errors 1 Frontal 2 Metatarsals 3 Sternum 4 Costal Cartilages 5 Phalanges 6 Temporal 7 Xiphoid process 8 Radius 9 Clavicle 10 Nasal 11 Ischium 12 Ulna 13 Pubis 14 Orbit 15 Carpals 16 Femur 17 Maxilla 18 False ribs 19 Saccrum 20 Patella 21 True ribs 22 Metacarpals 23 Tibia 24 Floating rib 25 Fibula 26 Phalanges 27 Ilium 28 Mandible 29 Talus 30 Coccyx 31 Pubic symphysis 32 Lumbar vertebrae

Use pencil!



Activity 5: Now group the bones together. Complete the table.

Check your answers on p15.

Talus Ilium Mandible

Metatarsals Phalanges Nasal

Sternum Fibula Ulna

Costal Cartilages Coccyx Tibia

Phalanges Pubis Orbit

Temporal Ischium Maxilla

Floating rib False ribs Carpals

Radius Femur Pubic symphysis

Frontal Patella Metacarpals

Clavicle True ribs Xiphoid process

Lumbar vertebrae Saccrum

HEAD BODY LEGS & FEET ARMS & HANDS 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6

7 7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14



Funny (corny) ways to remember difficult names of bones:

Humerus… funny bone

Floating rib… not attached like the other ribs are

Costal cartilages…cost a lot

Ilium…is it like a Llama?

Ulna…under your arm

Radius…a bit curved, like a circle

Coccyx… tail-bone…if you had a tail, that’s where it would be!

Orbit… round shape

Mandible… man dribbles from the mouth

Sternum… this is serious (stern)

Ischium… is-she-ummm…single?

Phalanges… sounds like falanges…fingers (and toes)

Femur… your figh bone, I mean thigh bone!

Clavicle… collar-bone…where you wear your shirt collar

Frontal… front of your face

Maxilla… for a maximum smile!

Patella… sounds like nutella, with more peanuts

Now you make up your own silly ways of remembering some:

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Memory cards

Cut out these cards and carry them with you. Make notes on the back if you like. When

you have a boring moment, such as waiting on the train station, you can get them out

and look at them for revision. The more often you look at them, the more likely you will

remember them.

Practise pronouncing each bone. Say the word a couple of times, while touching your

own body where the bone is.

If you want to hear the word, use an on-line dictionary, such as www.dictionary.com

Fron-tal Tem-por-al

Meta-tar-sals Xi-phoid pro-cess

Ster-num Ra-di-us

Cost-al Cart-il-ages Clav-icle

Pha-lan-ges Na-sal

Pu-bis Isch-i-um

http://www.dictionary.com/



Or-bit Ul-na

Car-pals False ribs

Fe-mur Sa-crum

Max-illa Pa-tella

True ribs Pha-lan-ges

Meta-car-pals Il-i-um

Ti-bi-a Man-dible



Float-ing rib Ta-lus

Fib-u-la Cocc-yx

Pu-bic symph-y-sis Lum-bar vert-e-brae



The skeleton: Posterior view

Learn to understand the language of anatomy.

Here’s an easy way to remember what Anterior and Posterior mean:

a.m. is in the morning p.m. is in the evening

anterior is first (the front) posterior is later (the back)

Did you know…? Tick the box if you have heard these common meanings:

Vertebra is a single spinal bone Cranium animals that have skulls are called craniates.

Cervical means neck Sacrum is a triangle shape

Thoracic comes from thorax which is the big middle part of an insect

Scapula is your shoulder blade

Lumbar is lower Carpals are in your wrist

Coccyx is your tail-bone Atlas was a Greek god who carried the weight of the world on his shoulders

Tarsals are like carpals in your foot

Meta means adjacent to (meta tarsals)

Use pencil!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniata



Activity 6: Look at the two diagrams below.

List the bones that are labelled on the Posterior view diagram, that are not labelled on the

Anterior view diagram.

Check your answers on Page 16.

___________________ ___________________ ___________________

___________________ ___________________ ___________________

___________________

Anterior view

Posterior view



Activity 7: In what part of the body would you find these bones?

Check your answers on page 16.

HEAD & NECK UPPER BODY LOWER BODY

ARMS LEGS FEET HANDS

Bone Part of the body Correct your errors

1 Calcaneus

2 Tibia

3 Phalanges

4 Carpals

5 Coccyx

6 Metacarpals

7 Clavicle

8 Metatarsals

9 Sacrum

10 Lumbar vertebrae

11 Cervical vertebrae

12 Atlas

13 Tarsals

14 Ribs

15 Cranium

16 Mandible

17 Humerus

18 Scapula

19 Ulna

20 Pelvic girdle

21 Radius

22 Femur

23 Fibula

24 Thoracic vertebrae



More memory cards

Cut out these cards and carry them with you. Make notes on the back if you like. When

you have a boring moment, such as waiting on the train station, you can get them out

and look at them for revision. The more often you look at them, the more likely you will

remember them.

Practise pronouncing each bone. Say the word a couple of times, while touching your

own body where the bone is.

If you want to hear the word, use an on-line dictionary, such as www.dictionary.com

Cal-ca-ne-us Tar-sals

Tib-i-a Ribs

Pha-lan-ges Cra-ni-um

Car-pals Man-dible

Cocc-yx Hum-er-us

Meta-car-pals Sca-pu-la

http://www.dictionary.com/



Clav-icle Ul-na

Meta-tar-sals Pel-vic gir-dle

Sa-ccrum Ra-di-us

Lum-bar ver-te-brae Fe-mur

Cer-vical ver-te-brae Fib-u-la

At-las Tho-racic ver-te-brae



Answers: Bones

Activity 1: long, short, flat, and irregular.

Activity 2:

Diagram

Type Examples

Short bone Trapezoid; metacarpals; wrist bones & ankle bones

Long bone Humerus; all limb bones (except wrists & ankles)

Flat bone Sternum; skull; ribs

Irregular Vertebra; hip bones

Activity 3:

Bone Upper or Lower? Bone Upper or Lower?

humerus upper patella lower

femur lower tibia lower

carpals upper ulna upper

fibula lower metatarsals lower

radius upper planages upper AND lower

Types of

bones



Answers: Anterior View

Activities 4 & 5:

Bone

Part of body

1 Frontal head 2 Metatarsals legs & feet 3 Sternum body 4 Costal Cartlilages body 5 Phalanges legs & feet 6 Temporal head 7 Xiphoid process body 8 Radius arms & hands 9 Clavicle body 10 Nasal head 11 Ischium body 12 Ulna arms & hands 13 Pubis body 14 Orbit head 15 Carpals arms & hands 16 Femur legs & feet 17 Maxilla head 18 False ribs body 19 Saccrum body 20 Patella legs & feet 21 True ribs body 22 Metacarpals arms & hands 23 Tibia legs & feet 24 Floating rib body 25 Fibula legs & feet 26 Phalanges arms & hands 27 Ilium body 28 Mandible head 29 Talus legs & feet 30 Coccyx body 31 Pubic symphysis body 32 Lumbar vertebrae body



Answers: Posterior view

Activity 6: Thoracic Vertebrae Tarsals Cranium Atlas

Scapula Calcaneus Pelvic Girdle

Activity 7:

Bone Part of the body

1 Calcaneus feet

2 Tibia leg

3 Phalanges hands

4 Carpals hands

5 Coccyx lower body

6 Metacarpals hands

7 Clavicle upper body

8 Metatarsals feet

9 Sacrum lower body

10 Lumbar vertebrae lower body

11 Cervical vertebrae head & neck

12 Atlas head & neck

13 Tarsals feet

14 Ribs upper body

15 Cranium head & neck

16 Mandible head & neck

17 Humerus arms

18 Scapula upper body

19 Ulna arms

20 Pelvic girdle lower body

21 Radius arms

22 Femur legs

23 Fibula legs

24 Thoracic vertebrae upper body

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