the road to revolution
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The Road to Revolution
1. It increased the colonial empire in the Americas.2. It greatly increased England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of the
American Empire was necessary!
Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.
Effects of the War on the American
Colonials
The British Empire
Where’s Great Britain?Where’s England?
The Island of Great Britain
Great Britain (is not) recognized as a separate country in modern times, but rather that term politically describes the combination of England, Scotland, and Wales.
"
What is Parliament?The colonies had zero representation.
Albany Plan of Union
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin Called for a council of delegates from each
colony with a leader appointed by the British king
Not approved because each colony wanted to control its own taxes and make its own decisions
Road to Revolution
1
Proclamation of 1763
Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
Disliked by many of the colonists
Road to Revolution1763
2
• King of England. • Instrumental in ending the
French and Indian War in 1763. • Strong supporter of taxing the
colonies to pay for the debt. • He opposed any compromise
with the colonial government in America.
• After loosing of the colonies, he withdrew his efforts at personal government and went insane.
King George III (1738-1820)
George Grenville
In 1763 became Prime Minister
He was determined to reduce Britain's debt
He knew Britain was losing a lot of money because of smugglers
1n 1767, Parliament authorizes “writs of assistance” to reduce smugglers
What is “Writs of Assistance”
These legal documents allowed customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods.
OR Warrants!!!
Sugar Act
Tax on foreign molasses, sugar, wine, silks, coffee, and other luxury items
Colonists refused to pay it See Video
Road to Revolution1764
3
Quartering Act
Required colonists to house British soldiers and provide them with food and supplies
Road to Revolution1765
4
Stamp Act
First direct tax on colonists by Parliament
Forced people to pay a tax on items such as newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents
Road to Revolution1765
Colonists believed it went against the idea of no taxation without representation (since no American voted in elections to Parliament)
See Video 5
Sons/Daughters of Liberty
Protest group who helped organize boycotts Sam Adams was an outspoken leader of the
Sons of Liberty in Boston Women signed pledges against drinking tea,
promised not to buy British-made cloth, and met at spinning clubs to make their own cloth
Road to Revolution
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“If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or
produce, in short, everything we possess?
They tax us without having legal
representation.” Samuel Adams
• Sons of Liberty was a secret society formed in protest of British
rule.
• They had a large role in the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Boston Tea
Party. • 9 original members
which included the leaders Samuel Adams
and Paul Revere
Samuel Adams
Paul Revere
Britishlaws
Stamp Act Protests: 1765 to 1766
• Between 1765 to 1766, the Sons of
Liberty led over 40 protests up and down the colonial coastline.• Most of the protests
are located in the Middle Colonies up through the New England Colonies.
• Successful in forcing the British Parliament to repeal the Stamp
Act.
Boycott
Refusal to buy goods or have dealings with a country or other entity
Colonists boycotted (or, refused to buy or sell) British goods
Road to Revolution
7
Declaratory Act
Act stated that parliament had the right to rule and tax the colonies
Passed after Parliament put an end to the Stamp Act, to warn colonists against future protests
Road to Revolution1766
8
Townshend Acts
Set of laws designed to raise money from the colonies
Acts placed import taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper, and tea coming into America.
Acts also allowed British officials warrants to search anywhere for suspected smuggled goods.
See Video
Road to Revolution1767
9
Charles Townshend spearheaded the Townshend Acts, but died before their detrimental effects became apparent.
Boston Massacre
Boston citizens were angry at the sight of red-coated soldiers on the streets.
Group of Boston civilians began insulting and throwing snowballs at a British guard. More soldiers arrived.
Mob of civilians surrounded soldiers in protest, and in the confusion the soldiers fired their guns into the crowd and 5 civilians died.
Following Boston Massacre, Townshend Acts were repealed (ended), except for the tax on tea.
Road to Revolution1770
10
Boston Massacre
Road to Revolution1770
Townshend Acts
Set of laws designed to raise money from the colonies
Acts placed import taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper, and tea coming into America.
Acts also allowed British officials warrants to search anywhere for suspected smuggled goods.
Road to Revolution1767
9
Charles Townshend spearheaded the Townshend Acts, but died before their detrimental effects became apparent.
Committees of Correspondence
Network of communication for passing along news of British activity to the colonies
Organized by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts
Also formed in other colonies
See Video
Road to Revolution1772
11
Tea Act
Designed to help the East India Company, who was struggling financially
Gave company exclusive rights to sell tea directly to the Americans without paying the British import tax
Cut out business for colonial sea captains and merchants
Colonists protested the act
Road to Revolution1773
12
Boston Tea Party
Organized by a group of about 50 men (from the Sons of Liberty), disguised as Mohawk Indians
Dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor from a ship in Boston
See Video
Road to Revolution1773
13
Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts
Laws meant to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party
1) Closed port of Boston until payment made for tea2) British officials accused of a crime were to be
tried in English rather than American courts3) British troops could be quartered in any town in
Massachusetts—even in private homes4) Reduced Massachusetts’ right to self
government5) See Video
Road to Revolution1774
14
Quebec Act
Extended the Canadian province of Quebec south to the Ohio River
Allowed French Canadians to keep their laws, language, and Roman Catholic religion
Colonists saw act as first step to keep American settlers out of the western lands
Road to Revolution1774
15
First Continental Congress
Group of delegates from every colony except Georgia who met in Philadelphia
Did not seek independence at this time Sought rather to right the wrongs that had been
inflicted on the colonies and hoped that a unified voice would gain them a hearing in London
See Video
Road to Revolution1774
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Suffolk Resolves
Set of resolutions passed at a meeting in Boston– Demanded return to constitutional government– Demanded an end to trade with Great Britain– Plan for arming and training of militia
Paul Revere brought a copy to First Continental Congress, who passed the resolves
Road to Revolution1774
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Militia
A group of citizens who would be ready to fight in any emergency
Road to Revolution
18
Minutemen
Members of a militia who could be ready to fight at a “minute’s” notice
Minutemen were usually 25 years of age or younger, and they were selected (from the militia) for their enthusiasm, reliability, and strength
Road to Revolution
19
Lexington and Concord
Road to Revolution1775
Taking Sides Assignment
Analyze the many events that led the colonist to revolution.
BUT, you will be asked to look at each evnt, act, tax from the colonist perspective and the loyalist perspective
Lexington and Concord
First battles of the American Revolution British soldiers marched toward Concord to take
American’s supply of guns and gunpowder British were surprised by group of minutemen in
Lexington (a town on the way to Concord) British casualties were nearly three times those
of the Americans
Road to Revolution1775
20
Second Continental Congress
Delegates from all 13 colonies met in Philadelphia
George Washington chosen to build a Continental Army
Road to Revolution1775
21
Olive Branch Petition
Petition sent to the King by the Second Continental Congress begging him to stop the war and make peace with the colonists
Unsuccessful—George III declared the Americans to be rebels and the colonies went to war
Road to Revolution1775
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