the regional anatomy of head. chapter 1 the head section 1 introduction Ⅰ. boundaries : lower...

The regional anatomy of head

CHAPTER 1 THE HEAD

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ. Boundaries :lower border of mandible—the angle of mandible—the mastoid process—the superior nuchal line—the external occipital protuberance

Ⅱ. Divisions:• the face• the cranium

— supra-orbital margin— zygomatic arch— superior margin of external acoustic meatus— mastoid process.

CHAPTER 1 THE HEAD

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ. Boundaries :lower border of mandible—the angle of mandible—the mastoid process—the superior nuchal line—the external occipital protuberance

Ⅱ. Divisions:• the face• the cranium

— supra-orbital margin— zygomatic arch— superior margin of external acoustic meatus— mastoid process.

Ⅲ. Surface anatomy:

1. Surface landmarks:• frontal tuber • external occipital protuberance• pterion • supraorbital foramen • angle of mandible • mastoid process • infraorbital foramen • mental foramen • zygomatic arch • superior nuchal line

Ⅲ. Surface anatomy:

1. Surface landmarks:• frontal tuber • external occipital protuberance• pterion • supraorbital foramen • angle of mandible • mastoid process • infraorbital foramen • mental foramen • zygomatic arch • superior nuchal line

SECTION 2 THE CRANIUM

Ⅰ. Divisions:

• the vertex (calvaria)

the frontoparietooccipital region

the temporal region

• the base of cranium (base of skull)

internal surface

external surface

• the cavity of cranium (cranial cavity)

brain

meninges and blood vessels

cranial nerves

SECTION 2 THE CRANIUM

Ⅰ. Divisions:

• the vertex (calvaria)

the frontoparietooccipital region

the temporal region

• the base of cranium (base of skull)

internal surface

external surface

• the cavity of cranium (cranial cavity)

brain

meninges and blood vessels

cranial nerves

Ⅱ. The vertex:

1. the frontoparietooccipital region :• between the right and left temporal lines;• from the eyebrow to the superior nuchal line• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers:

skin superficial fascia and

superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose

connectiv tissue Pericraneum

Ⅱ. The vertex:

1. the frontoparietooccipital region :• between the right and left temporal lines;• from the eyebrow to the superior nuchal line• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers:

skin superficial fascia and

superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose

connectiv tissue Pericraneum

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures

— the features — the blood vessles — the nerves

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures

— the features — the blood vessles — the nerves

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures

— the features — the blood vessles & nerves Anterior group: — supratrochlear a., v. and n. — supraorbital a., v. and n.Lateral group: — superficial temporal a. and v. auriculotemporal n. — posterior auricular a. and v. lesser occipital n.Posterior group: — occipital a. and v. greater occipital n.and third occipital n.

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures

— the features — the blood vessles & nerves Anterior group: — supratrochlear a., v. and n. — supraorbital a., v. and n.Lateral group: — superficial temporal a. and v. auriculotemporal n. — posterior auricular a. and v. lesser occipital n.Posterior group: — occipital a. and v. greater occipital n.and third occipital n.

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and

superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose

connectiv tissue pericraneum

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and

superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose

connectiv tissue pericraneum

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and

superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose

connectiv tissue pericraneum

• The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and

superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose

connectiv tissue pericraneum

Ⅲ. The cavernous sinus:

1. Position: It is on the both sides of the sella turcica

2. Contains:

• Oculomotor n.

• Trochlear n.

• Ophthalmic n.

• Maxillary n.

• Internal carotid a.

• Abducent n.

Ⅲ. The cavernous sinus:

1. Position: It is on the both sides of the sella turcica

2. Contains:

• Oculomotor n.

• Trochlear n.

• Ophthalmic n.

• Maxillary n.

• Internal carotid a.

• Abducent n.

3. The communications of cavernous sinus:3. The communications of cavernous sinus:

SECTION 3 THE FACE

Ⅰ.The superficial structures:

1. Skin

2. Superficial fiscia and structures

• Facial a.

• Facial v.

• Superficial lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

• Branches of the trigeminal n.

• Branches of facial n.

SECTION 3 THE FACE

Ⅰ.The superficial structures:

1. Skin

2. Superficial fiscia and structures

• Facial a.

• Facial v.

• Superficial lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

• Branches of the trigeminal n.

• Branches of facial n.

• Facial a. • Facial a.

• Facial v. ：• Facial v. ：

• Superficial lymphatic vessles—— submandibular lymph nodes • Superficial lymphatic vessles—— submandibular lymph nodes

• The branches of the trigeminal n. •Ophthalmic supraorbital n.•Maxillary n.•Mandibular n.

•The branches of facial n. temporal branches zygomatic branches buccal branches marginal mandibular branches cervical branch

• The branches of the trigeminal n. •Ophthalmic supraorbital n.•Maxillary n.•Mandibular n.

•The branches of facial n. temporal branches zygomatic branches buccal branches marginal mandibular branches cervical branch

Ⅱ. The deep structures of lateral part of face:

1. The parotid gland:

• The position:

• The general feature: 2 parts—

superficial and deep parts

Ⅱ. The deep structures of lateral part of face:

1. The parotid gland:

• The position:

• The general feature: 2 parts—

superficial and deep parts

1. The parotid gland:

• The position:

• The general feature:

• The fascia sheath of parotid gland

1. The parotid gland:

• The position:

• The general feature:

• The fascia sheath of parotid gland

1. The parotid gland:• The relationship:

Anteriorly: masseter, posterior border of ramus of mandible,

medial pterygoid

Posteriorly:

sternocleidomastoid,

posterior belly of digastric,

Posteromedially:

internal carotid a. and

internal jugular v.,

vagus n., accessory n.

and hypoglossal n.

Medially:

lateral wall of pharynx

1. The parotid gland:• The relationship:

Anteriorly: masseter, posterior border of ramus of mandible,

medial pterygoid

Posteriorly:

sternocleidomastoid,

posterior belly of digastric,

Posteromedially:

internal carotid a. and

internal jugular v.,

vagus n., accessory n.

and hypoglossal n.

Medially:

lateral wall of pharynx

1. The parotid gland:• Structures passing through the gland: 2 groups

— external carotid a.

superficial temporal a. and v.

retromandibular v.

auriculotemporal n.

— maxillary a. and v.

transverse facial a. and v.

facial n. and it’s branches

1. The parotid gland:• Structures passing through the gland: 2 groups

— external carotid a.

superficial temporal a. and v.

retromandibular v.

auriculotemporal n.

— maxillary a. and v.

transverse facial a. and v.

facial n. and it’s branches

1. The parotid gland:• Parotid duct• Parotid lymph nodes

1. The parotid gland:• Parotid duct• Parotid lymph nodes