the populist and progressive movement
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The Populist and The Populist and Progressive Progressive movementmovement
POPULISM AND AGRARIAN POPULISM AND AGRARIAN UNRESTUNREST
Response to abusesResponse to abuses Political issues of the Political issues of the
Gilded Age:Gilded Age:Labor unrestLabor unrestGovernment reformGovernment reformThird-party movementsThird-party movements
DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF POPULISMPOPULISM
The GrangeThe GrangeFarm movement against Farm movement against RailroadRailroad
DeflationDeflationFarm prices fallFarm prices fallFarmers unable to pay debtsFarmers unable to pay debts
THE POPULIST PARTYTHE POPULIST PARTYLeadersLeaders
Thomas E. WatsonThomas E. WatsonMary Elizabeth LeaseMary Elizabeth Lease
MembersMembersFarmersFarmersLed by lawyers and other Led by lawyers and other professionalsprofessionals
FARMER DEMANDSFARMER DEMANDS
Cheap moneyCheap moneyEstablish postal savings banksEstablish postal savings banksFederal loan programsFederal loan programsGraduated Federal income taxGraduated Federal income tax““Free Silver”Free Silver”
1896 Election1896 Election
Bryan vs McKinleyBryan vs McKinleyFree Silverites vs GoldbugsFree Silverites vs Goldbugs
Bi-metallism vs Gold StandardBi-metallism vs Gold StandardAgriculture vs Agriculture vs
ManufacturingManufacturingSouth and West vs NorthSouth and West vs North
1896 Election Politicians1896 Election Politicians William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan
““Cross of Gold” SpeechCross of Gold” Speech““Stump” for votes – 1Stump” for votes – 1stst to do to do
William McKinleyWilliam McKinley““Front Porch” campaignFront Porch” campaignStable appearance and backing Stable appearance and backing
from Marcus (Mark) Alonzo from Marcus (Mark) Alonzo HannaHanna
Middle class feared inflationMiddle class feared inflation
Successes of the PopulistsSuccesses of the Populists
Graduated income taxGraduated income taxGovernment loans to farmersGovernment loans to farmersDirect election of US senatorsDirect election of US senatorsSecret ballot, recall, initiativeSecret ballot, recall, initiativeShorter workdayShorter workdayAgriculture prices roseAgriculture prices rose
THE PROGRESSIVESTHE PROGRESSIVES
White collar workers joined the White collar workers joined the farmers demand for reformfarmers demand for reform
Movement from three sourcesMovement from three sourcesReligionReligionThe PressThe PressRadical political groups - Radical political groups -
SocialistsSocialists
POLITICAL REFORM UNDER POLITICAL REFORM UNDER THE PROGRESSIVESTHE PROGRESSIVES
started at the local levelstarted at the local level TacticsTactics
“ “throw the rascals out”throw the rascals out”Institutional changesInstitutional changes
–““gas and water socialism”gas and water socialism”–Commission governmentCommission government–Council-manager Council-manager governmentgovernment
PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL REFORMSREFORMS
State Government reformsState Government reforms““Fighting Bob LaFollette”Fighting Bob LaFollette”attack “interests”attack “interests”
TaxesTaxesregulationsregulations
OTHER POLITICAL REFORMSOTHER POLITICAL REFORMSSecret Ballot - end vote fraudSecret Ballot - end vote fraud Initiative - citizens introduce Initiative - citizens introduce
bills by petition - state and bills by petition - state and federalfederal
recall - removed officials recall - removed officials before the end of their termsbefore the end of their terms
referendum - people vote on referendum - people vote on bills after passed by bills after passed by legislaturelegislature
OTHER POLITICAL REFORMSOTHER POLITICAL REFORMS
Direct primary - candidates Direct primary - candidates selected by popular election selected by popular election instead of machinesinstead of machines
Direct election of senators - Direct election of senators - popular election rather than popular election rather than legislatures - 1913 legislatures - 1913 Seventeenth AmendmentSeventeenth Amendment
MUCKRAKERSMUCKRAKERSInvestigative journalism to expose disturbing conditions“Yellow Journalism” – simple sensationalism to boost sales
Lincoln Steffens – city corruptionIda Tarbell – Standard Oil corrupt
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTSPRESIDENTS
THEODORE ROOSEVELTTHEODORE ROOSEVELT ““Square Deal”Square Deal”
Belief that all people should Belief that all people should have equal opportunity to have equal opportunity to succeed through strong succeed through strong personal ethics, a sense of personal ethics, a sense of fairness and adherence to fairness and adherence to the spirit of the law.the spirit of the law.
Roosevelt’s Square DealRoosevelt’s Square Deal ““Trust Busting”Trust Busting”
Northern Securities CompanyNorthern Securities CompanyHepburn Act passedHepburn Act passed
stricter controls over railroadsstricter controls over railroadsincreased power of the ICCincreased power of the ICC
Coal Strike 1902 - set precedent Coal Strike 1902 - set precedent used office prestige to settle strikeused office prestige to settle strike
Roosevelt’s Square DealRoosevelt’s Square Deal Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act
allowed government allowed government inspection for purity and inspection for purity and safetysafety
1906 Meat Inspection Act1906 Meat Inspection Act ConservationConservation
1902 Newlands Act1902 Newlands Actused the Forest Reserve Actused the Forest Reserve Act
Roosevelt’s Square DealRoosevelt’s Square DealConservation continuedConservation continued
Unpopular alignment with Unpopular alignment with the “Old Guard” the “Old Guard” (Conservative (Conservative Republicans)Republicans)
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFTWILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
Roosevelt’s successorRoosevelt’s successorProblemsProblems
Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich TariffBallinger-Pinchot Ballinger-Pinchot ControversyControversy
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFTWILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
SUCCESSESSUCCESSES the REAL “Trust-buster”the REAL “Trust-buster”shaped a federal budgetshaped a federal budgetgained support for the 16th gained support for the 16th
and 17th Amendmentsand 17th AmendmentsNew Mexico and Arizona New Mexico and Arizona
statehoodstatehood
WOODROW WILSONWOODROW WILSON
WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM”WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM”Monopolies were evilMonopolies were evilFederal power should be Federal power should be used to ensure equality of used to ensure equality of opportunityopportunity
WOODROW WILSONWOODROW WILSON WILSON’S REFORMSWILSON’S REFORMS
the Underwood Tariffthe Underwood Tariff the Federal Reserve Actthe Federal Reserve Act
Central banking system with Central banking system with 12 district banks 12 district banks
created a “flexible” money created a “flexible” money supply -AKA“elastic supply -AKA“elastic currency”currency”
WOODROW WILSONWOODROW WILSON Wilson’s Reforms ContinuedWilson’s Reforms Continued
Anti-Trust LegislationAnti-Trust LegislationFederal Trade Commission ActFederal Trade Commission ActClayton Anti-Trust ActClayton Anti-Trust Act
Keating- Owen Child Labor ActKeating- Owen Child Labor Act1908 National Conference on 1908 National Conference on
ConservationConservationNational Conservation CommissionNational Conservation CommissionEnforced existing laws against illegal Enforced existing laws against illegal
occupation of public landsoccupation of public lands
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