the periodic table ch# 5. outcomes/objectives: things you will be able to do explain the progression...

THE PERIODIC TABLE CH# 5

Outcomes/Objectives: Things you will be able to do• Explain the Progression of the Periodic Table from Mendeleev

and Moseley to the Modern Form.• Utilize the Internet to Research , Construct , & Present a

PowerPoint Presentation on an Element of Your Choice.• Describe Common Properties of Metals.• Identify Characteristics of Alkali, Alkaline, Transition, & Rare

Earth Metals.• List Properties of Nonmetals and describe why they are

Different than Metals.• List the Properties and Location of Metalloids.• Identify Characteristics of the Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen

Groups, Halogens, and Noble Gases.

• Test Preparation:• Study Daily, Complete All Assignments ,Stay 10th ,

Stay on Task (Focus), PLEASE ask for HELP when LOST

• Q: What does periodic mean?• A:• Q: What are some events that are

periodic?• A:

HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

• Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) – Russian Chemist and Teacher– Created 1st organized Periodic Table ≈ 63

Elements

• 1. Cue cards with descriptive information about each

• 2. Ordered cards according to

• 3. Grouped Elements with

• 4. Undiscovered or “missing” Elements created problems.

• 5.

HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE• Henry Moseley

– Researched with Rutherford

•

Modern Periodic Table

• The Elements are arranged according to

• Valence Electrons:

• GROUP: “FAMILY”

• Elements contained in them have similar properties b/c……

Modern Periodic Table

• PERIOD:

• ***Special Note***

METALS• Properties of Metals: • Why can they conduct? Why

are they malleable and ductile? WHY???????????????

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS ALKALI METALS

• GROUP #1: • Alkali Metals• Very Reactive due to 1

Valence Electron• Found in nature only in

compounds• Form Salts (NaCl, KI)• Very soft, low

densities, low melting points

• USES:• Lithium:• Lithium hydroxide = Batteries• Lithium Carbonate = treatment

for manic depression• Francium = very unstable• K, Rb, Cs react with great

violence• Hydrogen: • Set apart from the table b/c it

reacts like a metal and nonmetal. Largest use is in the production of Ammonia NH3

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS ALKALINE METALS

• GROUP #2:

• ALKALINE METALS

• Reactive due to 2 Valence Electrons

• Found in nature only in Compounds

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS ALKALINE METALS

• ALKALINE METALS USES• Magnesium: Magnesium Chloride = Milk of Magnesia• CALCIUM: CALCIUM COMPOUNDS = BONES

– Fact: As you get older your bodies ability to take Ca out of food decreases so your body starts using Ca from the from the Bones. Leaving Pin holes. “Osteoporosis”

– Calcium Chloride = de-ice roads– Calcium Carbonate = Limestone, Chalk, Shells

• Beryllium: lightest, rare, strong, high melting point• Used in anti-spark tools, mixed with Copper to make alloys

that conduct and are wear resistant.

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS TRANSITION METALS

• GROUP 3 THROUGH 12:

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS RARE EARTH METALS (UNSTABLE)

• LANTHANIDE SERIES: (58-71)

• USES:

• ACTINIDE SERIES: (90-103)

NONMETALS

• PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS:

METALLOIDS

• Properties of Metalloids:

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS BORON GROUP

• BORON: Metalloid

• ALUMINUM: Metal

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS BORON GROUP

• Carbon: Nonmetal

• Silicon: Metalloid

• Tin: Metal

• Lead: Metal

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS NITROGEN GROUP

• Nitrogen: Nonmetal

• Phosphorus: Nonmetal

• Arsenic: Metalloid

• Antimony: Metalloid

• Bismuth: Metal

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS OXYGEN GROUP

• Oxygen: Nonmetal

• Sulfur: Nonmetal

• Selenium: Nonmetal

• Polonium: Metalloid

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS HALOGENS

• Fluorine: most reactive Nonmetal

• Chlorine: Nonmetal, green gas

• Bromine: Nonmetal

• Iodine: Nonmetal

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS NOBLE GASES

*****HYDROGEN*****

• Fusion is the joining of two light nuclei to produce a heavier one. Mass is lost and a tremendous amount of energy is released (even more than the energy released in nuclear fission). Solar energy is a form of fusion energy. When two isotopes of hydrogen combine at very high temperatures, fusion occurs. A diagram of nuclear fusion is shown below