the human tradition summaries

The Human Tradition in Modern Latin America

The Human Tradition in Modern Latin America

Summaries by: Delissa Ainsworth

Summaries by: Delissa Ainsworth

I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,

1780-1830

I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,

1780-1830

• Simon Bolivar and Francisco Miranda of Venezuela advocate independence

• Mexican wars were from 1808-1821• Social and ethical tensions

• Simon Bolivar and Francisco Miranda of Venezuela advocate independence

• Mexican wars were from 1808-1821• Social and ethical tensions

I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,

1780-1830

I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,

1780-1830

• Indians and mestizos followed priests to campaign for independence (1810-1815)

• Many white creole were scared and thus turned against independence

• Indians and mestizos followed priests to campaign for independence (1810-1815)

• Many white creole were scared and thus turned against independence

I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,

1780-1830

I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,

1780-1830• 1810 marked the beginning of the White Creoles’ movement toward separation from Spain.

• Argentines and Brazilians fought over flat grasslands

• Independence softens colonial class and allows opportunities for others

• 1810 marked the beginning of the White Creoles’ movement toward separation from Spain.

• Argentines and Brazilians fought over flat grasslands

• Independence softens colonial class and allows opportunities for others

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

• Hope and expectation• Single society dissipates; religion and conflicting interests precede.

• Elites have leisure time, tranquility, access to universities, intellectuals and libraries

• Availability to discuss foreign views

• Hope and expectation• Single society dissipates; religion and conflicting interests precede.

• Elites have leisure time, tranquility, access to universities, intellectuals and libraries

• Availability to discuss foreign views

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

• Catholic churches dominate education, the aura within major cities

• People mainly live in rural small villages

• Few comforts and amusements• Countryside untamed• Political rebel controlled horses, cattle and crops

• Catholic churches dominate education, the aura within major cities

• People mainly live in rural small villages

• Few comforts and amusements• Countryside untamed• Political rebel controlled horses, cattle and crops

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

• By 1870 most Latin American countries experienced major conflict against provinces

• By 1880 chance of life varied based on your residence, connections, access to land or skills, race and gender.

• Racial discrimination was minimal compared to the USA

• By 1870 most Latin American countries experienced major conflict against provinces

• By 1880 chance of life varied based on your residence, connections, access to land or skills, race and gender.

• Racial discrimination was minimal compared to the USA

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

II. The First Republican Generations: Between American

Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875

• Elite women were able to get away from restrictions enforced

• Some women acted through their husbands to influence power

• People struggle to keep any small advantage they held

• After 1870 the issue of independence was resolved in favor of the liberal European modernizers

• Elite women were able to get away from restrictions enforced

• Some women acted through their husbands to influence power

• People struggle to keep any small advantage they held

• After 1870 the issue of independence was resolved in favor of the liberal European modernizers

III. The Fin de Siecle Generations

: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,

1870 -1900

III. The Fin de Siecle Generations

: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,

1870 -1900

• Europeanized urban liberals defeated the traditionalists

• New buildings, city parks, avenues, railroads, streetlights, refrigerated ships, and industries

• MODERNIZATION!

• Europeanized urban liberals defeated the traditionalists

• New buildings, city parks, avenues, railroads, streetlights, refrigerated ships, and industries

• MODERNIZATION!

III. The Fin de Siecle Generations

: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,

1870 -1900

III. The Fin de Siecle Generations

: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,

1870 -1900• Science and technology move in• Many confused and resist the change

• Patronization of the “new age”• Police and armies are more efficient

• Churches take a step back

• Science and technology move in• Many confused and resist the change

• Patronization of the “new age”• Police and armies are more efficient

• Churches take a step back

III. The Fin de Siecle Generations

: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,

1870 -1900

III. The Fin de Siecle Generations

: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,

1870 -1900• Many resisters get defeated and others use the church to protect their people

• 1880’s Cuba and Brazil outlawed slavery• Acceptance of Indians, mestizos, pardos, mulattoes and black in the citizendry

• Many political conflicts in the final quarter

• Many resisters get defeated and others use the church to protect their people

• 1880’s Cuba and Brazil outlawed slavery• Acceptance of Indians, mestizos, pardos, mulattoes and black in the citizendry

• Many political conflicts in the final quarter

IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities

and the Countryside, 1900-1920

IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities

and the Countryside, 1900-1920

• Urban opportunities bring in migrants from the countryside and immigrants from abroad

• Additional public services and utilities• Organized labor unions• Reforming the political systems• Extending the franchise to all adult males

• Devising modest political changes

• Urban opportunities bring in migrants from the countryside and immigrants from abroad

• Additional public services and utilities• Organized labor unions• Reforming the political systems• Extending the franchise to all adult males

• Devising modest political changes

IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities

and the Countryside, 1900-1920

IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities

and the Countryside, 1900-1920• Life has new opportunities

• Commercialization of agriculture• Expansion of markets in food and materials• Farmers lose work due to factories• Huge percent of campesinos work on someone else’s land

• ~ 80% of Latin Americans dream if owning land

• Workers have inhuman housing, poor wages and starvation

• Life has new opportunities• Commercialization of agriculture• Expansion of markets in food and materials• Farmers lose work due to factories• Huge percent of campesinos work on someone else’s land

• ~ 80% of Latin Americans dream if owning land

• Workers have inhuman housing, poor wages and starvation

IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities

and the Countryside, 1900-1920

IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities

and the Countryside, 1900-1920

• 1910- Mexicans went through era of violence and resulted in reconstruction of the nation

• Revolution created hope, inspiration, fear and goals for the future

• 1910- Mexicans went through era of violence and resulted in reconstruction of the nation

• Revolution created hope, inspiration, fear and goals for the future

V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959

V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959

• World War 1 ruins trade patterns• New strains in Latin America

• Politicians, churchman, industrialist, workers, peasants, and university faculty

• Race raises more concern• Dancing the tango becomes very popular• Radio, movies are the new craze• Women stepping out into public eye more causing challenges with politics

• World War 1 ruins trade patterns• New strains in Latin America

• Politicians, churchman, industrialist, workers, peasants, and university faculty

• Race raises more concern• Dancing the tango becomes very popular• Radio, movies are the new craze• Women stepping out into public eye more causing challenges with politics

V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959

V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959

• Success in Russia created hope and despair among Latin Americans

• Counterrevolutionary political organization

• Great depression and the Spanish Civil War add fears about universal revolution

• Social breakdown- flappers, bobbed haircuts

• The Good Neighbor policy

• Success in Russia created hope and despair among Latin Americans

• Counterrevolutionary political organization

• Great depression and the Spanish Civil War add fears about universal revolution

• Social breakdown- flappers, bobbed haircuts

• The Good Neighbor policy

VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the

Present

VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the

Present

• Revolutionary movement still move forward primarily in Central America

• Sandinistas seized power in Nicaragua• 1980’s new period of democratization• New governments = neoliberal policies• Castro still in power in Cuba• US shifts from anticommunism to anti-drug wars

• Revolutionary movement still move forward primarily in Central America

• Sandinistas seized power in Nicaragua• 1980’s new period of democratization• New governments = neoliberal policies• Castro still in power in Cuba• US shifts from anticommunism to anti-drug wars

VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the

Present

VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the

Present

• January 1, 1959: Fidel Castro wins power in Cuba• Revolution was here and now• The US tries to eliminate the Cuban appeal and the revolutionary conditions throughout Latin America

• The US supplies financial, technical and military assistance

• 1970- Latin America urban guerilla = violence, kidnappings and assassinations

• “Dirty War”

• January 1, 1959: Fidel Castro wins power in Cuba• Revolution was here and now• The US tries to eliminate the Cuban appeal and the revolutionary conditions throughout Latin America

• The US supplies financial, technical and military assistance

• 1970- Latin America urban guerilla = violence, kidnappings and assassinations

• “Dirty War”