the evolution from journal article to knowledge base

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base

Dr. P. S. JacksonPublishing Director

Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

19951992197719741967

Gutenberg commercialisation Printing Press

Publication of 1st jnl. (Philosophical Transactions. Roy.Soc. of London

Chemical Abstracts founded.

World War II

Computer readable CAS files

Embase Online

WWW 1st Web Browser

Conclusion of TULIP program

Launch of ScienceDirectLaunch of ChemWeb.com

16651450 19391907

A Quick Historical Overview

1st mass produced personal computer

1997

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Generic Themes Since World War II Massive increase in journal output Output increasingly globalised Researcher unable to cope with volume Library budgets out of synch with purchase needs “Just in time” versus “Just in case” Online distribution of full text established Increased integration of information types:

- multidisciplinary- forwards and backwards in time- primary, secondary and tertiary- paid and free sources

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Main Players in Information Usage

.

AUTHORS READERS

LIBRARIANS PUBLISHERS

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base

What’s changing for readers

What’s changing for authors

What’s changing for librarians

What’s changing for publishers

Since FTOL (full text went online)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base

What’s changing for readers

What’s changing for authors

What’s changing for librarians

What’s changing for publishers

Since FTOL (full text went online)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Pre FTOL

ReadersInf.ScientistSearch 2ºd.b.

eg ChemAbs. Embase

[Review]

[Keywords

Concepts]

Return Hit List

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Agreed Hit ListRetrieve Hard Copy

Document Delivery Services

Trip to Library

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Features:

‘Hit list generation’ separate process from obtaining F.T.

Information specialist as intermediary

Expensive in time

Iterative process difficult

No real time processing possible

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:Post FTOL

Reader (Scientist)

Abstracting (navigation) layer 3000 jnls; 1.8 million records.

1000 full text journals.1000 full text journals.

900,000 full text records900,000 full text recordsScience Direct™

Lists generated, inspected, reviewed and printed out in real time

Result Documents 1, 2, 3

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Features:

Navigation layer integrated with full text provision

(Many) iterations possible

Real time operations

Simple process-scientists can do it themselves

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Post FTOL

Hypertext linking from one document to another ( and back)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers::

Post FTOL

Reference linking to factual database

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Increased archive available

Archiving - ScienceDirect - ScienceDirect covers ES material 1996 onwards - Data from 50 top journals being loaded 1990-1995 - Long-term intention to build up back-archive further

Post FTOL

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers

Result:

A static retrieval process becomes dynamic Navigation backwards and forwards in time View in context of much larger universe (S.D. has 1000 journals, 900,000 F.T. articles) Irresistible pressure to “horizontalise”

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Increased “Horizontalisation” Means

Increased hyperlinks to other articles Links to “rival” gateways Increased integration of total information

‘universe’ Blurring distinction between 1º, 2º and 3º “The journal is the database”

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Post FTOL

From full-text delivery to service provider:

ChemWeb.com provides access to F.T. STM documents in context of access to many information sources of relevance to chemists, including:

news, patents, databases………..

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Readers:

Post FTOL

Some ChemWeb.com statistics: 148 live journals; 35 databases; 28 different publishers, 160.000 registered members; 1.3 million page impressions per month.

All on one platform All products searchable with one search

statement Some material free of charge

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base

What’s changing for readers

What’s changing for authors

What’s changing for librarians

What’s changing for publishers

Since FTOL (full text went online)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Authors:

Pre FTOL

Much output paper based Less standardisation Speed less a premium

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Authors:

Post FTOL

Input electronic e.g. diskette or on-line such as TetSubmit (www.TetSubmit.com)

All in an effort to get material on line with least delay

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Authors:

Post FTOL

More standardisation of W.P. programs

Authors expect faster response from Editors and Referees

Authors introduce links in text and references to other Web sites and services

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base

What’s changing for readers

What’s changing for authors

What’s changing for librarians

What’s changing for publishers

Since FTOL (full text went online)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Librarians:

Pre FTOL

Purchase of journals primarily paper Separate budget for, e.g. bibliographic

databases Journals on basis of physical availability Journals conceptualised individually

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Librarians:

Post FTOL

Journals purchased as paper only, paper and online with a shift to online

Journals conceptualised as collection with several dimensions

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Librarians

Individual Discipline MultidisciplinaryJournal Collection Collection

e.g. e.g. e.g.Tetrahedron “Organic Biology, Letters Chemistry” Medicine

Post FTOL

Current Year

Elec.

Archive

Time

Breadth of Collection

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Librarians:

Post FTOL

Pricing shifts from single title to package concept

Integration of budget for primary, secondary and tertiary material

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base

What’s changing for readers

What’s changing for authors

What’s changing for librarians

What’s changing for publishers

Since FTOL (full text went online)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers:

Pre FTOL

Only concerned with printed journals 2º database processing entirely separate

(largely manual process) Journals priced essentially as single objects Much less integration of product line possible

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers: Post FTOL Electronic proofs to Authors (pdf)

e.g. Chemical Physics Letters Bibliographic database processing increasingly

in parallel, rather than serial Online article submission and electronic

refereeing systems. e. g. TETSUBMIT Increased feedback to Authors as to progress

of their article in the production process e. g. OASIS system

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers:

Post FTOL

Mounting single article, or small groups of articles on the Web, prior to “issue” composition

e.g. Electrochemistry CommunicationsTetrahedron Letters

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers:

Post FTOL

Sell electronic access to multidisciplinary collections

e.g. from ScienceDirect

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers:

Post FTOL

Will facilitate early postings of draft-form, or early versions of articles on the Web by means of an open, pre-print database (articles posted prior to formal submission to a learned journal)

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers:

Post FTOL

ChemWeb.com Chemistry Preprint Server

Features: Freely available Version control Comments/reaction from peers Easy integrated upload to journal of choice Replace early version by URL link after article

accepted

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Publishers:

Post FTOL

ChemWeb.com Chemistry Preprint Server

Available July, 2000

Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000

Bibliographic Databases:

Authors can (and do) provide increasing amount of electronic copy

Publishers can (and do) provide increasing amount of standardisation in a marked up form such as SGML or HTML

These two factors will provide an increasing amount of searching and abstracting power

Time is rapidly approaching when primary source will be deeper, cheaper, quicker and more accurately abstracted by machine than is possible with human abstractors