the evolution from journal article to knowledge base
DESCRIPTION
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base. Dr. P. S. Jackson Publishing Director Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. A Quick Historical Overview. 1450. 1665. 1907. 1939. 1967. 1974. 1977. 1992. 1995. 1997. Chemical Abstracts founded. WWW 1 st Web Browser. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base
Dr. P. S. JacksonPublishing Director
Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
19951992197719741967
Gutenberg commercialisation Printing Press
Publication of 1st jnl. (Philosophical Transactions. Roy.Soc. of London
Chemical Abstracts founded.
World War II
Computer readable CAS files
Embase Online
WWW 1st Web Browser
Conclusion of TULIP program
Launch of ScienceDirectLaunch of ChemWeb.com
16651450 19391907
A Quick Historical Overview
1st mass produced personal computer
1997
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Generic Themes Since World War II Massive increase in journal output Output increasingly globalised Researcher unable to cope with volume Library budgets out of synch with purchase needs “Just in time” versus “Just in case” Online distribution of full text established Increased integration of information types:
- multidisciplinary- forwards and backwards in time- primary, secondary and tertiary- paid and free sources
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Main Players in Information Usage
.
AUTHORS READERS
LIBRARIANS PUBLISHERS
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base
What’s changing for readers
What’s changing for authors
What’s changing for librarians
What’s changing for publishers
Since FTOL (full text went online)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base
What’s changing for readers
What’s changing for authors
What’s changing for librarians
What’s changing for publishers
Since FTOL (full text went online)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Pre FTOL
ReadersInf.ScientistSearch 2ºd.b.
eg ChemAbs. Embase
[Review]
[Keywords
Concepts]
Return Hit List
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Agreed Hit ListRetrieve Hard Copy
Document Delivery Services
Trip to Library
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Features:
‘Hit list generation’ separate process from obtaining F.T.
Information specialist as intermediary
Expensive in time
Iterative process difficult
No real time processing possible
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:Post FTOL
Reader (Scientist)
Abstracting (navigation) layer 3000 jnls; 1.8 million records.
1000 full text journals.1000 full text journals.
900,000 full text records900,000 full text recordsScience Direct™
Lists generated, inspected, reviewed and printed out in real time
Result Documents 1, 2, 3
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Features:
Navigation layer integrated with full text provision
(Many) iterations possible
Real time operations
Simple process-scientists can do it themselves
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Post FTOL
Hypertext linking from one document to another ( and back)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers::
Post FTOL
Reference linking to factual database
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Increased archive available
Archiving - ScienceDirect - ScienceDirect covers ES material 1996 onwards - Data from 50 top journals being loaded 1990-1995 - Long-term intention to build up back-archive further
Post FTOL
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers
Result:
A static retrieval process becomes dynamic Navigation backwards and forwards in time View in context of much larger universe (S.D. has 1000 journals, 900,000 F.T. articles) Irresistible pressure to “horizontalise”
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Increased “Horizontalisation” Means
Increased hyperlinks to other articles Links to “rival” gateways Increased integration of total information
‘universe’ Blurring distinction between 1º, 2º and 3º “The journal is the database”
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Post FTOL
From full-text delivery to service provider:
ChemWeb.com provides access to F.T. STM documents in context of access to many information sources of relevance to chemists, including:
news, patents, databases………..
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Readers:
Post FTOL
Some ChemWeb.com statistics: 148 live journals; 35 databases; 28 different publishers, 160.000 registered members; 1.3 million page impressions per month.
All on one platform All products searchable with one search
statement Some material free of charge
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base
What’s changing for readers
What’s changing for authors
What’s changing for librarians
What’s changing for publishers
Since FTOL (full text went online)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Authors:
Pre FTOL
Much output paper based Less standardisation Speed less a premium
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Authors:
Post FTOL
Input electronic e.g. diskette or on-line such as TetSubmit (www.TetSubmit.com)
All in an effort to get material on line with least delay
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Authors:
Post FTOL
More standardisation of W.P. programs
Authors expect faster response from Editors and Referees
Authors introduce links in text and references to other Web sites and services
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base
What’s changing for readers
What’s changing for authors
What’s changing for librarians
What’s changing for publishers
Since FTOL (full text went online)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Librarians:
Pre FTOL
Purchase of journals primarily paper Separate budget for, e.g. bibliographic
databases Journals on basis of physical availability Journals conceptualised individually
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Librarians:
Post FTOL
Journals purchased as paper only, paper and online with a shift to online
Journals conceptualised as collection with several dimensions
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Librarians
Individual Discipline MultidisciplinaryJournal Collection Collection
e.g. e.g. e.g.Tetrahedron “Organic Biology, Letters Chemistry” Medicine
Post FTOL
Current Year
Elec.
Archive
Time
Breadth of Collection
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Librarians:
Post FTOL
Pricing shifts from single title to package concept
Integration of budget for primary, secondary and tertiary material
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
The Evolution from Journal Article to Knowledge Base
What’s changing for readers
What’s changing for authors
What’s changing for librarians
What’s changing for publishers
Since FTOL (full text went online)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers:
Pre FTOL
Only concerned with printed journals 2º database processing entirely separate
(largely manual process) Journals priced essentially as single objects Much less integration of product line possible
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers: Post FTOL Electronic proofs to Authors (pdf)
e.g. Chemical Physics Letters Bibliographic database processing increasingly
in parallel, rather than serial Online article submission and electronic
refereeing systems. e. g. TETSUBMIT Increased feedback to Authors as to progress
of their article in the production process e. g. OASIS system
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers:
Post FTOL
Mounting single article, or small groups of articles on the Web, prior to “issue” composition
e.g. Electrochemistry CommunicationsTetrahedron Letters
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers:
Post FTOL
Sell electronic access to multidisciplinary collections
e.g. from ScienceDirect
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers:
Post FTOL
Will facilitate early postings of draft-form, or early versions of articles on the Web by means of an open, pre-print database (articles posted prior to formal submission to a learned journal)
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers:
Post FTOL
ChemWeb.com Chemistry Preprint Server
Features: Freely available Version control Comments/reaction from peers Easy integrated upload to journal of choice Replace early version by URL link after article
accepted
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Publishers:
Post FTOL
ChemWeb.com Chemistry Preprint Server
Available July, 2000
Chemical Information in the Next Millennium,A.C.S.,San Francisco, U.S.A.March 27th, 2000
Bibliographic Databases:
Authors can (and do) provide increasing amount of electronic copy
Publishers can (and do) provide increasing amount of standardisation in a marked up form such as SGML or HTML
These two factors will provide an increasing amount of searching and abstracting power
Time is rapidly approaching when primary source will be deeper, cheaper, quicker and more accurately abstracted by machine than is possible with human abstractors