the design of ggos in 2020 (chapter 9) markus rothacher and many other co-authors ggos forum
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GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
The Design of GGOS in 2020
(Chapter 9)
Markus Rothacher and many other co-authors
GGOS Forum EGU General Assembly 2007
April 17, 2007, Vienna
GG S 2020
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
Measuring and Modeling the Earth‘s System
Measuring Information about Earth System
Influence / ModellingObservation Modelling
Space Geodetic
TechniquesVLBI
SLR/LLRGNSSDORIS
AltimetryInSARGravity
Missions
Terrestrial Techniques
LevellingAbs./Rel.
GravimetryTide Gauges
Air-/Shipborne
Geometry
Station Position/Motion,
Sea Level Change,Deformation
Earth Rotation
Precession/Nutation,Polar Motion,
UT1, LOD
Gravity
GeocenterGravity field,
Temporal variations
Earth System
Sun/Moon
(Planets)
Atmosphere
Ocean
Hydrosphere
Cryosphere
Core
Mantle
Crust
COMBINATION
INTE RACTIONS
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
Structure of GGOS 2020 (Technical Part)Coordination through
IAG Services
Satellite/Planetary Mission Coordination Centers
Analysis, Combination, Modeling Coordination Center(s)
(IAG Services)Quality Assurance
Regional and Global Data and Product Centers
Archiving and Dissemination
Global Networks of Observing Stations
Earth Observation Satellites / Planetary Missions
Mission-specific Data and Product Centers
Archiving and Dissemination
Data Analysis Centers
Combination Centers
Modeling Centers Users
Science & Society
GGOS PortalAccess to all
information, data, products
Meta data; information Real data; information
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
Integration of 5 Levels into a GGOS
5
Level 4Moon,Planets
Moon
Planets
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
Ground-Based Infrastructure
Individual Networks:• Station networks of VLBI, SLR/LLR, GNSS, DORIS• Permanent absolute and superconducting gravimeters; tide gauges• Air-borne, ship-borne data aquisition• RT data transfer; new communication technologies for remote areas
~30-40 Fundamental Stations:• Co-location of several techniques; 1 mm local tie measured, additional
sensors (meteo, WVR, ultra-stable oscillators, gravimeters, seismometer, tiltmeters, …), highly automated, 24 hours a day / 7 days a week
• Latest technologies: – GNSS: all GNSS, 50 Hz real-time data, 3 receivers/antennas, … – SLR: kHz, fast telescopes, two colors, transponders on
Moon/planets– VLBI: continuous obs., new/multiple telescopes, real-time, obs. of
(GNSS) satellites, space VLBI, …
Densification with GNSS stations: ~ 1000 GNSS stations, stable monuments
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
LEOs Missions Relevant to GGOS
Mission Type Mission DurationCHAMP Gravity/ magnetic field/ atmosphere 2000 – 2009GRACE Gravity, atmosphere 2002 – 2010
GOCE Gravity (stationary, high-resolution) 2007 – 2009TOPEX-POSEIDON Ocean altimetry 1992 – 2004
Jason-1 Ocean altimetry 2001 – 2007ICESAT Ice altimetry 2003 – 2008
CRYOSAT-2 Ice altimetry 2009 – 2011ERS-2 Altimetry/ climate/ environment 1995 – 2008
ENVISAT Altimetry/ climate/ environment 2002 – 2008TerraSAR-X SAR/ InSAR/ atmosphere 2007 – 2010
TanDEM-X SAR/ InSAR/ atmosphere 2009 – 2011EnMAP Optical / hyperspectral 2010 – 2013SWARM Magnetic field 2009 – 2014
Already existing missions and funded future missions:
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
LEO Satellite Missions
Satellite Missions:• Continuous observations over decades, long time series (trends)• Chains of satellite missions (altimetry, gravity, InSAR, …)• Constellations of satellites (COSMIC, SWARM, …), micro- and
nano-satellites• Formation flying: several satellites forming “one large instrument”• Near real-time data transfer (inter-satellite comm.) and analysis
(early warning systems)• Development of new sensors and technologies (e.g., GNSS
reflectometry and scatterometry, laser interferometry between satellites, ultra-stable oscillators in space)
• Satellites allowing co-location of space geodetic techniques (GNSS receiver , SLR retroreflector, VLBI emitter, gradiometer; SLR on GNSS satellites, VLBI in space, transponders on planets, …)
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
Processing, Analysis, Combination
Processing and Analysis:• Fully automated processing in near real-time or even in real-time
(early warning systems, GNSS seismology, atmosphere sounding, …)
• Full reprocessing capabilities for all data available, long consistent time series for long-term trends
• Combination of all data types on the observation level• Combination with LEO data (co-location, gravity, geocenter,
atmosphere, …)• Combination with satellite altimetry data (and with InSAR ?)• Combination with terrestrial data (e.g. gravity field, …)• Combination of different analysis centers (redundancy, reliability,
accuracy, …)
Improvements in modeling, parameterization, conventionsSupercomputers, visualization
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
GGOS: Future Combination Space
Parameter Type VLBI GPS/GLON.
DORIS/PRARE
SLR LLR Alti-metry
Quasar Coord. (ICRF) XNutation X (X) X
Polar Motion X X X X XUT1 X
Length of Day (LOD) X X X XCoord.+Veloc.(ITRF) X X X X X (X)
Geocenter X X X XGravity Field X X X (X) X
Orbits X X X X XLEO Orbits X X X XIonosphere X X X X
Troposphere X X X XTime/Freq.; Clocks (X) X (X)
(X)
ICR
FITR
F
Earth R
otationG
ravity Field
Atm
osphere
Parameter space for a rigorous combination:
GGOS Forum, EGU, April 17, 2007, Vienna
Orientation of theEarth
Precession,NutationPolar motionLength of day
Deformation of theEarth
Tidesof the
solid EarthLunisolar
Gravitationalacceleration
Atmospherictides
Atmosphericloading
Density variations
in theatmosphere
Global vegetation
Global ground water
Oceanictides
Ocean currents
Angular momentum
variationof the
atmosphere
Angular momentum
variationof the
oceans
Oceanloading
Effects from
Earth interior
Snow
Postglacialland uplift
…
Tectonicplate motion
Volcanism
EarthquakesPole tides
Angulartorques
Gravity Field of theEarth
4D Models of the Earth System Interactionsmodified from H. Schuh
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