global geodetic observing system (ggos): status and future
DESCRIPTION
GG S 2020. Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS): Status and Future Markus Rothacher, Ruth Neilan, Hans-Peter Plag GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) AOGS 5 th Annual Meeting 2008 June 16-20, 2008 Busan, Korea. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS):Status and Future
Markus Rothacher, Ruth Neilan, Hans-Peter Plag
GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ)Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008June 16-20, 2008
Busan, Korea
GG S 2020
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
• Motivation
• Monitoring and Modeling the Earth System
• Structure of GGOS
• GGOS Instrumentation / Infrastructure
• GGOS Data Flow and Portal
• Processing, Analysis, Combination
• Modeling and Interpretation
• Conclusions
Contents
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Motivation: Missing Understanding of Key Processes
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Global Monitoring Information about Earth System
InterpretationInnovative Technologies
Space Techniques
VLBISLR/LLR
GNSSDORIS
AltimetryInSAR
Gravity/Magnet. Missions
Terrestrial Techniques
LevellingGravimetry
Tide Gauges
Geometry
Station Position/Motion,
Sea Level Change,Deformation
Earth Rotation
Precession/Nutation,
Polar Motion,
UT1, LOD
Gravity
Geocenter
Gravity Field,
Temporal Variations
Earth System
Sun/Moon
(Planets)
Atmosphere
Ocean
Hydrosphere
Cryosphere
Crust
Mantle
Core
COMBINATIONS
INTE RACTIONS
GGOS: Monitoring and Modelling the Earth‘s System
Reference frames: highest accuracy and long-term stability
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
GGOS Chronology
• July 2003: Decision of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) to establish a Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)
• April 2004: IAG/GGOS becomes participating organization of GEO (Group on Earth Observation) for the realization of GEOSS (Global Earth Observing System of Systems)
• May 2006: GGOS becomes official member of IGOS-P (Integrated Global Observation Strategy Partnership)
• July 2007: GGOS becomes an official component of the IAG, the observing system of the IAG
• GGOS2020 reference document is almost complete, is in the review process (~ 200 pages)
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
IAG Services: Backbone of GGOS
IERS: International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
IGS: International GNSS Service
IVS: International VLBI Service
ILRS: International Laser Ranging Service
IDS: International DORIS Service
IGFS: International Gravity Field Service
BGI: Bureau Gravimetrique International
IGeS: International Geoid Service
ICET: International Center for Earth Tides
ICGEM: International Center for Global Earth Models
IDEMS: International Digital Elevation Models Service
PSMSL: Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
IAS: International Altimetry Service (in preparation)
BIPM: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
IBS: IAG Bibliographic Service
Ge
om
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ean
Std
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Coordination Office
Bureau for Networks and Communication
Bureau for Satellite and Space Missions
Bureau for Conventions and Standards
Regional and Global Data and Product Centers
Archiving and Dissemination
Global Networks of Observing Stations
Earth Observation Satellites / Planetary Missions
Mission-specific Data and Product Centers
Archiving and Dissemination
Data Analysis Centers
Combination Centers
Modeling Centers
Users, Science & Society
GGOS Portal
Access to all information, data,
products
Meta data; information Real data; information
Structure of the Future GGOS
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
GGOS Instrumentation: 5 Levels of Objects
5:
Level 4:Moon,Planets Moon
Planets
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
VLBI
Tide GaugesSLR/LLR
GPS
DORIS
Sup.Grav.
Abs.Grav.
Level 1: Ground-Based Component
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Future Core Ground-Based Infrastructure
Core Network (~ 40 Stations):• 2-3 VLBI telescopes for continuous observations
• SLR/LLR telescope for tracking of all major satellites
• At least 3 GNSS antennas and receivers (controlled equipment changes)
• DORIS beacon of the most recent generation
• Ultra-stable oscillator for time and frequency keeping and transfer
• Terrestrial survey instruments for permanent/automated local tie monitoring
• Superconducting and absolute gravimeter (gravity missions, geocenter)
• Meteorological sensors (pressure, temperature, humidity)
• Seismometer for combination with deformation from space geodesy and GNSS seismology
• Additional sensors: water vapor radiometer, tilt-meters, gyroscopes, ground water sensors, …
General Characteristics: highly automated, 24-hour/365 days, latest technologies
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Ground-Based Infrastructure: Innovation
Galileo Experimental Sensor Station (GESS)
VLBI Twin Telescope (Wettzell)
VLBI:• High slew rates (> 5 deg/s)• 1-3 small telescopes at a site• Continuous frequency range
(2-18 GHz)
GNSS:• GPS, Glonass, Galileo,
Compass, … • Sampling > 10 Hz• Real-time• 3 antennas/receivers
SLR:• kHz laser technology• 2 frequency systems• Higher quantum efficiency
DORIS:• 3rd generation DORIS
systems
kHz Laser: Lageos Spin (Graz)
DORIS Beacon (Thule)
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Level 2: Satellite Mission Component
CHAMP GRACE GOCE
COSMIC
TerraSAR-X
SWARM
JASON-1 TanDEM-X
GRACE Follow-on ?
…
Topex/Pos. JASON-2
CHAMP
…
…
CHAMP
…
MetOp
IceSat-2IceSat-1 Cryosat-2
…
…
… and new mission concepts
Gravity Field
Ice Altimetry
Atmosphere
Ocean Altimetry
Earth Surface
Magnetic Field
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
New Mission Concepts: Constellations and Formations
Formation flying, swarms
Satellite Constellations
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Future satellite constellation as a component of a Multi-Hazard Early Warning System ?
New Mission Concepts: GNSS Reflectometry
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
RO Antenna POD Antenna Star Sensors SLR Retro-Reflector VLBI Sender
3 GPS Receiver Board (Redundancy)
Micro- Satellite
New Mission Concepts: Co-location Micro-Satellite(s)
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Level 3, 4, 5: GNSS + Extraterrestrial
GNSS and SLR Satellites:
• More than 100 GNSS satellites in 2020: GPS (24/32) , GLONASS (24/19), GALILEO (30/1), QZSS (3/0), COMPASS (30/4), …
• Cheap LAGEOS-type satellites with laser retro-reflectors and with GNSS receivers forming a network in space with internally 1 mm accuracy (distances up to 14’000 km)
Geodetic Planetary Missions:
• Bepi Colombo, Mars missions, lunar exploration (GRAIL, LEO), …
Stars (observed with CCD cameras or in future with GAIA)
Quasars
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
GGOS Data Flow and Portal
Network Synergies:
• Common data communication and infrastructure for all techniques (archiving, …)
• Real-time data transfer
• New communication technologies for remote areas
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Processing, Analysis, Combination
Processing and Analysis:
• Fully automated processing in near real-time or even in real-time (early warning systems, GNSS seismology, atmosphere sounding, …)
• Full reprocessing capabilities for all data available, long consistent time series for long-term trends
• Combination of all data types on the observation level
• Combination with LEO data (co-location, gravity, geocenter, atmosphere, …)
• Combination with satellite altimetry data (and with InSAR ?)
• Combination with terrestrial data (e.g. gravity field, …)
• Combination of different analysis centers (redundancy, reliability, accuracy, …)
Improvements in modeling, parameterization, conventionsSupercomputers, visualization
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Combination: Tsunami Early Warning System
GNSS receivers
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Combination of GNSS / Seismology
• Earth`s motion during the earthquake combination with seismometers• Deformation due to the earthquake (magnitude determination, rupture process)
He
igh
t [m
]
E
ast
[m
]
N
ort
h [
m]
Sumatra Earthquake of September 12, 2007
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Tsunami Buoy: GPS / OBPU / Seismometer
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Filtered GPS HeightsOcean Bottom PressureOcean Tidal Model (GOTT)
Tsunami Buoy: Sea Level Height
RMS: ~ 2-3 cmTsunami: ~ 50 cm
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Combination of Geometry and Gravity (IERS/IGFS)
GEOMETRYGPS, Altimetry,
INSARRemote Sensing
LevelingSea Level
EARTH ROTATION
VLBI, SLR, LLR,GPS, DORIS
Classical: AstronomyNew: Ringlasers, Gyros
GRAVITY FIELD
Orbit AnalysisSatellite Gradiometry
Ship-& Airborne GravimetryAbsolute Gravimetry
Gravity Field Determination
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
VLBI, SLR, LLR,GPS, DORIS
IERS
IGFS
Physical heights, geoid
Ellipsoidal heights
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Orientation of theEarth
Precession,NutationPolar motionLength of day
Deformation of theEarth
Tidesof the
solid EarthLunisolar
Gravitationalacceleration
Atmospherictides
Atmosphericloading
Global vegetation
Global ground water
Oceanictides
Ocean circulation
Angular momentum
variationof the
atmosphere
Angular momentum
variationof the
oceans
Oceanloading
Effects from
Earth interior
Snow
Postglacialland uplift
…
Tectonicplate motion
Volcanism
EarthquakesPole tides
Angulartorques
Gravity Field of theEarth
Density variations
in theatmosphere
Earth System Modelling
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Example: Sea-Level Change & Ice-Mass Balances
Glacial-isostatic adjustment
Altimetry missions
Envisat Jason-1
ICESat CryoSat II
Gravimetry missions
GRACE
Terrestrial networks
Tide gauge GPS
Ocean modeling
Sea-level change (mm/a)
Data processing
Geodynamic modeling
Geoid change (mm/a)
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
• Geodesy can contribute significantly to the monitoring and understanding of the Earth system
• Integration of a multitude of different and innovative sensors on the ground and in space into a GGOS
• Complete and consistent data processing chains ranging from the acquisition to the processing of vast amounts of observational data
• Combination and assimilation of the geodetic/geophyiscal parameters into complex numerical models of the Earth system
• This will finally allow the understanding and prediction of the processes in the Earth system for the benefit of human society.
Conclusions
AOGS 5th Annual Meeting 2008, June 16-20, 2008, Busan, Korea GG S
Thank you for your attention !