the coming decade of open access
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The Coming Decade of Open AccessMoving Beyond Traditional Forms
and Functions of Scholarly Communications
Leslie ChanUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughBioline International
Agenda• What is Open Access and its key benefits• Growth of OA in the last ten years• Key trends and developments
– Global and Local trends (Brazil)– New and Exciting Developments
• Areas that are still deficient• Looking to the Future and Suggestions for
Collaborations
• What is Open Access and its key benefits• Growth of OA in the last ten years• Key trends and developments
– Global and Local trends (Brazil)– New and Exciting Developments
• Areas that are still deficient• Looking to the Future and Suggestions for
Collaborations
Key Messages
• Open Access as a philosophical principle and a set of practical tools
• “Journal” no longer serves the needs of networked scholarship
• From “Wealth of Nations” to “Wealth of Networks”• Need to rethink measurements of “impact” and values,
especially for research relevant to development• Innovations are happening in the “peripheries” but there
are gatekeepers and social barriers• Aligning funding and reward policies with new scholarly
practices and inclusive metrics
• Open Access as a philosophical principle and a set of practical tools
• “Journal” no longer serves the needs of networked scholarship
• From “Wealth of Nations” to “Wealth of Networks”• Need to rethink measurements of “impact” and values,
especially for research relevant to development• Innovations are happening in the “peripheries” but there
are gatekeepers and social barriers• Aligning funding and reward policies with new scholarly
practices and inclusive metrics
“By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”BOAI 2002 http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read
“By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”BOAI 2002 http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read
Modes of Open Access
Gratis Libre
GreenAuthor Self-Archiving of published papers or pre-prints in Institutional Repositories
Green-Gratis Green-Libre
GoldAuthor publish in journals that are open access
Gold-Gratis Gold-Libre
User Rights
Venues and Delivery Vehicles
http://www.scielo.org.za/
The World of Journal Publishing According to Thomson’s ISI Science Citation Index
Data from 2002http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=205
OA does not only remove or reduce price barriers for researchers in developing countries, it offers a more equitable model for the exchange of knowledge as a global public good (the philosophical dimension)
Some Key Trends in OA
Institutional and Funder Mandates
Policy Developments
• The World Bank launched an institutional repository and adopted an OA mandate on April 10, 2012
• UNESCO published an OA Policy Guidelines in March 2012
• UK, EU, and the USA are all developing major funding policies on OA
• The World Bank launched an institutional repository and adopted an OA mandate on April 10, 2012
• UNESCO published an OA Policy Guidelines in March 2012
• UK, EU, and the USA are all developing major funding policies on OA
http://thecostofknowledge.com/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/jan/16/academic-publishers-enemies-science
PIPA (Protect IP Act)
Research Works Act
New Ways of thinking about Scholarly Communications
http://www.peerproject.eu/
Key Findings
1. There is no evidence of any harm to publishers as a result of embargoed green OA2. There is evidence of increased total usage through green OA 3. There is evidence that green OA through the PEER project actually drives usage at the publisher site.David Prosser, May 29, 2012
http://total-impact.org/
The IF cannot be reproduced, even if it
reflected actual citations
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/179/6/1091.full
The IF are more eff
http://iai.asm.org/content/early/2011/08/08/IAI.05661-11.full.pdf+html?view=long&pmid=21825063
http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.4328
From “Big” science to Networked science
Knowledge for local problem solving
Convergence
• Brazil, biodiversity and sustainable development
• Information society policy• Free Culture Movement –
Access to Knowledge in Brazil
• Brazil, biodiversity and sustainable development
• Information society policy• Free Culture Movement –
Access to Knowledge in Brazil
Institutional Design
Sustainability as a set of institutional structures and processes that build and protect the knowledge commons (Mook and Sumner 2010)
Sustainability as a set of institutional structures and processes that build and protect the knowledge commons (Mook and Sumner 2010)
Broadening the definition of “prestige”, “impact”, “value” and “capital”
Business value monetary return, financial capital, efficiency, competiveness
Scholarly value Reputation and citation; trust; symbolic capital
Institutional value Public mission, community outreach, intellectual capital
Social value Equity, participation, inclusion, diversity, social capital
Political value Evidence based policy, transparency, accountability, civic capital
Conclusions
• Leverage the various Open movement • Align the values of research with appropriate
incentives and recognition• Also need to align policies that are emerging from the
top with initiatives are rising from the bottom• Support for metadata standards and open licences• Recognition of non-proprietary and collaborative
research output from networked scholarship• Reward dissemination of research findings through
multiple means – beyond the journal• Move Prestige to Open Access
Thank You! chan@utsc.utoronto.ca
http://www.openoasis.org
http://www.bioline.org.br
http://www.openaccessmap.org
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