the cngs operation and perspectives l edda gschwendtner, cern
Post on 19-Jan-2016
24 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
The CNGS Operation and Perspectives
l
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Outline
bull Introductionbull CNGS Facilitybull Performance and Operational Challengesbull Perspectivesbull Summary
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 2
st
LHC
LHC 531015 protons to LHC
1371019 protons to CERNrsquos Non-LHC Experiments
and Test Facilities
North Area
East Area
ADnTOF
CNGSISOLDE
Beam Facilities at CERN2010
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 3
41019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4
producemuon-neutrinos
measuretau-neutrinos
CER
N
Gra
n Sa
sso
732km
~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)
Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA
Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
F Pietropaolo We 950
Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC
OPERA
12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks
5
A Ereditato Tue 1015
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN
CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Outline
bull Introductionbull CNGS Facilitybull Performance and Operational Challengesbull Perspectivesbull Summary
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 2
st
LHC
LHC 531015 protons to LHC
1371019 protons to CERNrsquos Non-LHC Experiments
and Test Facilities
North Area
East Area
ADnTOF
CNGSISOLDE
Beam Facilities at CERN2010
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 3
41019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4
producemuon-neutrinos
measuretau-neutrinos
CER
N
Gra
n Sa
sso
732km
~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)
Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA
Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
F Pietropaolo We 950
Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC
OPERA
12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks
5
A Ereditato Tue 1015
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN
CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
st
LHC
LHC 531015 protons to LHC
1371019 protons to CERNrsquos Non-LHC Experiments
and Test Facilities
North Area
East Area
ADnTOF
CNGSISOLDE
Beam Facilities at CERN2010
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 3
41019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4
producemuon-neutrinos
measuretau-neutrinos
CER
N
Gra
n Sa
sso
732km
~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)
Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA
Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
F Pietropaolo We 950
Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC
OPERA
12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks
5
A Ereditato Tue 1015
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN
CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Neutrino Introduction CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 4
producemuon-neutrinos
measuretau-neutrinos
CER
N
Gra
n Sa
sso
732km
~41019 pyear ~21019 year ~2 year (~11017 year)
Approved for 2251019 protons on target ie 5 years with 451019 pot yr (200 daysyr intensity of 241013 potextraction ) Expect ~10 events in OPERA
Physics started in 2008 today 1271019 pot
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
F Pietropaolo We 950
Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC
OPERA
12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks
5
A Ereditato Tue 1015
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN
CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
F Pietropaolo We 950
Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
ICARUS600 ton Liquid Argon TPC
OPERA
12 kton emulsion target detector~146000 lead emulsion bricks
5
A Ereditato Tue 1015
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN
CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce high energy pions and kaons to make neutrinos
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 6NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERNPS
SPS
LHC
CNGS
Lake Geneva
CNGS Beam at CERN
bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull 2 Extractions separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105sbull Beam intensity 2x 24 1013 pppbull Beam power up to 500kWbull ~05mm
Posccc (arbitrary units)
-fluence
lt17GeVgt
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Neu2012 27-28 Sept 2010 CERNEdda Gschwendtner CERN 8
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 9
CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso 120m long focusing section
Magnet Systembull 73 MBG Dipoles
ndash 17 T nominal field at 400 GeVcbull 20 Quadrupole Magnets
ndash Nominal gradient 40 Tmbull 12 Corrector Magnets
Beam Instrumentationbull 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)
ndash recuperated from LEPndash Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in airndash mechanically coupled to target
bull 8 Beam profile monitorsndash Optical transition radiation monitors 75 m carbon or 12 m titanium screens
bull 2 Beam current transformersbull 18 Beam Loss monitors
ndash SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
1 Target unit 13 graphite rods 10cm1 Magazine 1 unit used 4 in situ spares
994m long 245m 1mbar vacuum
100kW
27
0cm1
12
5cm
Muon detectors2x41 LHC type BLMs
Target chamber 100m
2 HORNS7m long 150180kA pulsedWater cooled Remote polarity change18mm inner conductor
CNGS Secondary Beam Line
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 10NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 11
CNGS Timeline until Today11
Repairs amp improvements
in the horns
Additional shielding
Reconfiguration of
service electronics
Target inspection
Civil engineering
works for the drains
amp water evacuation
2000-2005Civil
Engineering Installation
2011Physics runMTE tests
Modification of
ventilation system
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
404E19 pot
2010 (218days)
352E19 pot2009 (180 days)
178E19 pot2008 (133days)
Nominal (200days) 45E19 potyr
2011 (27 July) 32E19 potyr
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 12NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 13
CNGS duty cycle 100
CNGS duty cycle 66
CNGS duty cycle 24
FixedTarget
2xCNGS LHC
Different CNGS Duty Cycles (2011)
lt57gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHCOperation and Fixed Target program
lt77gt duty cycle for CNGS with LHC Operation
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Examples effect on ντ cc event
horn off axis by 6mm lt 3reflector off axis by 30mm lt 3proton beam on target lt 3off axis by 1mm
CNGS facility misaligned lt 3by 05mrad (beam 360m off)
CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
Geodesic alignment
High intensity high energy proton beam with short beam pulses and small beam spotbull Thermomechanical shocks by energy deposition (target windows etchellip)bull Induced radioactivity bull Remote handling and replacement of equipment
Good tuning and interlock system Monitoring of beam and equipment
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 14
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 15
Beam Position on Target
bull Excellent position stability ~50 (80) m horiz (vert) over entire run
bull No active position feedback is necessaryndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
Horizontal and vertical beam position on the last Beam Position Monitor in front of the target
shielding
shielding
horntarget
collimator
BPM
beam
Vertical beam position [mm]Horizontal beam position [mm]
RMS =54m RMS =77m
Beam trajectory tolerance on target must be below 05mm
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
CNGS Performance Monitoring
shielding
shielding
horn
ionization chamber
ionization chamber
target TBIDcollimator
BPM
beam
Intensity on TBID vs BPM
BPM [mm]
14mm collimator opening
5mm target
Intensity on Ionization Chambers vs BPM
BPM [mm]
5mm target
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 16
20090337 plusmn 0002 chpot
Central muon detector stability
Muon detector
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
FermiLab 20 October 2009Edda Gschwendtner CERN 17ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Muon Monitors Online Feedback
270cm
1125cm
Muon Detector
Very sensitive to any beam changes Online feedback on quality of neutrino beam
ndash Offset of target vs horn at 01mm levelbull Target table motorizedbull Horn and reflector tables not
Muon Profiles Pit 1
Muon Profiles Pit 2
ndash Offset of beam vs target at 005mm level
Centroid = sum(Qi di) sum(Qi)Qi is the number of chargespot in the i-th detectordi is the position of the i-th detector
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 18NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
CNGS Radiation Issues I
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence)
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area
large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector 1
muon detector 2
No surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Failure in ventilation system installed in the CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU-Single Event Upsets- from high energy hadrons)
ventilationunits
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 19
Modifications during shutdown 0708
ndash Move most of the electronics out of CNGS tunnel area
ndash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS
ndash Add shielding 53m3 concrete up to 6m3 thick shielding walls
triggered a huge radiation to electronics campaign at LHC
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 20
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
De
gre
e C
els
ius
Temperature at 1st Helium Tube Window
Stop of ventilation
Alarm in CCC
horntarget
collimator
beamHelium tube
Temperature probes
shielding
shielding
Temperature probes reacted immediately on failure of the ventilation systemAlarm in CERN Control CentreSwitch off beam
CNGS Radiation Issues II
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
21
CNGS Radiation Issues IIISump and Ventilation System
After 1st year of high intensity CNGS physics run Modification needed for bull Sump system in the CNGS area
avoid contamination of the drain water by tritium produced in the target chamber
ndash Try to remove drain water before reaches the target areas and gets in contact with the airndash Construction of two new sumps and piping work
bull Ventilation system configuration and operationndash Keep target chamber under under-pressure with respect to all other areasndash Do not propagate the tritiated air into other areas and being in contact with the drain water
Add 2 new small sumps (1m3) pump out water immediately
Target chamber
Edda Gschwendtner CERN
Radiation monitors
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
2011 2012 47E19 pot2013 0 pot2014 23E19 pot2015 47E19 pot
Physics program would finish in 2015
By end 2012 we would have reached ~19E19 pot
Approved for 225 1019 protons on targetie 5 years with 451019 pot year Expect ~10 events in OPERA
225E19 pot
LS1
CNGS ndash Perspectives
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 22NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
Intensity per PS batch PS batches
Int per SPS cycle
200 days 100 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency no sharing
200 days 55 efficiency 60 CNGS sharing
[prot6s cycle] [potyear] [potyear] [potyear]
24times1013 - Nominal CNGS 2 48times1013 138times1020 76times1019 456times1019
35times1013 - Ultimate CNGS 2 70times1013 (202times1020) (111times1020) (665times1019)
Design limit for target horn kicker instrumentation
CNGS working hypothesis
Working hypothesis for RP calculations
Design limit for horn shielding decay tube hadron stop
Design of secondary beam line elements RP calculations (Horn designed for 2E7 pulses today we have 15E7 pulses spare horn)
Intensity upgrade from the injectors are being now evaluated within the LHC Injector Upgrade Project (LIU)
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 23NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Summary
bull Beam performance since start of physics run in 2008 CNGS is very goodndash Today we have already delivered more than half of the approved total protons on targetndash Looking forward to seeing more tau-neutrinos
bull CNGS program beyond 2013 not yet approvedndash Statement from OPERA in summer 2012
bull Operating and maintaining a high-intensity facility is very challengingndash Possibility for early repair must existndash Consider radiation effects on nearby electronicsndash Intervention on equipment lsquoimpossiblersquo after long operation
Remote handling replacement
ndash Ventilation system is a key itembull Temperature and humidity controlbull Radioactive air management
ndash H-3 creation in air and water is an issuendash Keep redundancy of monitoringndash Beam-line instrumentation is crucial
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 24NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
Additional Slides
NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 GenevaEdda Gschwendtner CERN 25
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
2006008E19 pot
2007008E19 pot
2008 (108 days)
178E19 pot
2009 (151 days)352E19 pot
2010 (192 days)404E19 pot
Physics runbullBeam commissioningbullFinishing OPERA 2011 today
32E19 pot
Total today 127E19 pot(Approved for 225E19 pot)
Start-up Issues
Total Integrated Intensity since CNGS Start 2006
Edda Gschwendtner CERN 26NuFactrsquo11 1 ndash 6 August 2011 Geneva
- The CNGS Operation and Perspectives l Edda Gschwendtner CERN
- Outline
- Slide 3
- Neutrino Introduction
- Neutrino Detectors in Gran Sasso
- CNGS Conventional method to produce neutrino beam
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- CNGS Primary Beam Line
- Slide 10
- CNGS Timeline until Today
- CNGS Physics Run Comparison of Yearly Integrated Intensity
- Slide 13
- CNGS Challenges and Design Criteria
- Beam Position on Target
- CNGS Performance Monitoring
- Slide 17
- Muon Monitors Online Feedback
- Slide 19
- CNGS Radiation Issues II
- CNGS Radiation Issues III Sump and Ventilation System
- Slide 22
- CNGS Facility Intensity Limitations
- Summary
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
-
top related