the business of science ® © oxford instruments 2009 oxford instruments industrial analysis oxford...

The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009

Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis

Oxford Instruments Analytical GmbH

Wellesweg 31

D- 47589 Uedem (Germany)

Jochen Meurs

Senior Product Manager OES

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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009

Industrial Analysis

OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

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Industrial Analysis

It is all about light, wavelength and peaks

In 1666 Isaac Newton collected sunlight with a magnifying glass, sent these beams of light through a prism and observed the passing light on a screen. He noticed a separation into colours. This colour ribbon is called a spectrum.

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Industrial Analysis

Physical basics - Atoms

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Physical basics - Atoms

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Physical basics - Atoms

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Physical basics – emission of light

Energy

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Physical basics – emission of light

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Industrial Analysis

Physical basics - Light

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What is Light and what is a SpectrumLight :

• General definition: light is what we can see

• But light is a wave (energy) where different colours have different wavelengths (energy)

Spectrum :• Is a continuous range or sequence

defined in a particular order. • The colours available in a rainbow

and visible by the human eye define a spectrum in which the individual colours has a defined appearance order and going from lower to higher wavelength (blue to red)

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The Light Spectrum

• The human eye is only able to see the spectral colours in the rainbow.

• Beside the visible part of the spectrum, the light spectrum has areas of „waves“ the human eye can not determine.

• Only spectrometers are able to observe the entire range.

100 nm

1000 nm

400 nm

800 nm

Ultraviolet

Infrared

Violet 380 nm

Blue 460 nm

Green 510 nm

Yellow 560 nmOrange 610 nm

Red 660 nm

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Industrial Analysis

Physical basics - Light

c / Conversion Frequency / Wavelength (c = speed of light)

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Principal of a Spectrometer

Power

CCD for the readout of the light-intensity

Printout or storage of data

Light Emission

Sample

Diffraction Grating, works similar like a prism

Polychrome light

Source and Ignition

ComputerReadout of the CCD, calculation of the results, steering of the source and printout/storage of the data

316

Steering of the source

Readout of the Intensity, calculation of the results

The light is reflected andseparated by the diffractiongrating. The spectra appears onthe Rowland Circle.

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Schematic view of optical systemPolychrome light, emitted during spark process, passes through the entrance slit and falls on the grating. The light is reflected and dispersed into individual spectral lines. The separated light is corresponding to particular wavelength of elements. The light than falls simultaneously on the CCD sensors.

Entrance Slit

Grating

CC

D C

hip

s

130 – 800 nm

Diffraction Grating:Is like a concave mirror, but with rules on it. Modern Gratings have up to 4000 rules/mm. The incoming light is reflected and diffracted. The spectra appears.

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Industrial Analysis

It is all about light, wavelength and peaks

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Elements and Wavelength

• Why do all elements have many different spectral lines?• ....simply - each transition of an electron corresponds to a

spectral line of a different wavelength• The intensity relates to the probability of a transition

• Example: Aluminium about 400 lines• Ferrum about 4500 lines• Uranium about 5000 lines• Chromium about 2000 lines

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Spectrum of different samplesRE12: approx. 120 ppm C

BAS 406: 0.173 % C

BAS 407: 0.49 % C

BAS 408: 0.289 % C

BAS 409: 0.086 % C

C – 193.1 nm

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Visible spectrum

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The Spectrum of Fe – matrix between 268 nm and 273nm

Fi nger P r i nt M ode (FP M ) - Sc an Over l ay Spec tr a

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

268. 000 268. 500 269. 000 269. 500 270. 000 270. 500 271. 000 271. 500 272. 000 272. 500 273. 000

Lambda

RE13

RH12

RH18

RH31

RN16

RN17

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intensitiy

con

cen

trat

ion

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PMT System – limited element analysis

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CCD: coverage of the entire range multi matrix capable

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Fields of use for spark-OES

1. Steel plant laboratories

High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (ARL 4460)

• Vacuum optical system

• LOD‘s < 10 ppm, 1 ppm typical

• determination of gases like N2 and O2 possible

• T(ime) R(esolved) S(pectrometry)

• PMT detectors

• laboratory automation

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Fields of use for spark-OES

2. Foundry laboratories

High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (OI FOUNDRY-MASTER Pro)

• Vacuum optical system

• LOD‘s < 50 ppm, 10 ppm typical

• determination of N2 possible

• CCD detectors

• good price / performance ratio

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Fields of use for spark-OES

3. semi-finished products (e.g. tube manufacturers)

Rugged mobile SPARK OES spectrometer (OI TEST-MASTER Pro)

• dust proof system

• LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical

• determination of C, P, S possible

• CCD detectors

• 4 – 10 m probe umbilical

• in-line automation

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Fields of use for spark-OES

4. Fabricators (incoming inspection)

Versatile mobile / stationary SPARK OES spectrometer

• multi-matrix (all technical metals)

• LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical

• determination of C, P, S possible

• CCD detectors

• grade identification

• easy adaption to irregular shapes

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Industrial Analysis

Fields of use for spark-OES

5. PMI-testing (refineries, power plants, ship yards)

Versatile mobile SPARK OES spectrometer

• multi-matrix (all technical metals)

• LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical

• determination of C, P, S possible

• CCD detectors

• grade identification

• easy adaption to irregular shapes

• battery operation

P ositive

M aterial

I dentification

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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009

Industrial Analysis

Fields of use for spark-OES

6. Scrap sorting

Handheld OES spectrometer

• multi-matrix (all technical metals)

• LOD‘s < 1000 ppm, 500 ppm typical

• CCD detectors

• grade identification

• easy adaption to irregular shapes

• battery operation

• Carbon determination not possible

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Industrial Analysis

Oxford Instruments – Distinction by Innovation