temperature-humidity controller with fire detector

TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY

CONTROLLER WITH FIRE DETECTOR

Made By:-ANJALI SINGH

OBJECTIVETo decrease the temperature when the temperature set point is crossed.It decreases the moisture content in the room.It increases temperature when the temperature set point is crossed.It controls the fire and alarms the people.It cuts off the gas supply in case of fire which can be uncontrollable up to an extent.It also provide a facility in which cooling, heating process can be more effective by closing the windows.

WHAT IS CONTROLLER

A controller, in a computing context, is a hardware device or a software program that manages or directs the flow of data between two entities.In computing, controllers may be cards, microchips or separate hardware devices for the control of a peripheral device. In a general sense, a controller can be thought of as something or someone that interfaces between two systems and manages communications between them.

TYPES OF CONTROLLER

Temperature ControllerHumidity Controller

TEMPERATURE CONTR0LLERAn on-off controller is the simplest form of temperature control device. The output from the device is either on or off, with no middle state.An on-off controller will switch the output only when the temperature crosses the set point. For heating control, the output is on when the temperature is below the set point and off above set point.

HUMIDITY CONTROLLERHumidity is the presence of water in air. The presence of water vapor also influences various physical, chemical, and biological processes.Humidity measurement in industries is critical because it may affect the business cost of the product and the health and safety of the personnel. Hence, humidity sensing is very important, especially in the control systems for industrial processes and human comfort.To avoid the problems of excess moisture it is necessary to limit or control the amount of water vapor in the house.

• Measurement - Relative humidity (RH) is the amount of water vapor in the air compared with the amount of vapor needed to make the air saturated at the air's current temperature

Example: At 3 p.m. the air has 9 grams of water vapor per cubic meter of air. We divide 9 by 30 and multiply by 100 to get a relative humidity of 30%

What is Relative Humidity (RH)

WHAT IS DETECTOR

A DETECTOR is a device or instrument designed to detect the presence of a particular object or substance

A heat detector is designed to respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element.

The thermal mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element.

WHAT ARE SENSORS

A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in quantities and provides a corresponding output, generally as an electrical or optical signal.

A sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's output changes when the input quantity being measured changes.

TYPES OF SENSORS

Temperature SensorsHumidity SensorsFire Sensors

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

A Temperature Sensor consists of two basic physical types:-

1.Contact Temperature Sensor Types2.Non-contact Temperature Sensor Types

1. Contact Temperature Sensor Types – These types of temperature sensor are required to be in

physical contact with the object being sensed and use conduction to monitor changes in temperature.

They can be used to detect solids, liquids or gases over a wide range of temperatures.

2. Non-contact Temperature Sensor Types – These types of temperature sensor use convection and

radiation to monitor changes in temperature. They can be used to detect liquids and gases that emit radiant

energy as heat rises and cold settles to the bottom in convection currents or detect the radiant energy being transmitted from an object in the form of infra-red radiation (the sun).

HUMIDITY SENSORA humidity sensor senses relative humidity. This means that it measures both air temperature and moisture. Relative humidity, expressed as a percent, is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture air at that temperature can hold.

Sensirion ( SHT Series )

The warmer the air is, the more moisture it can hold, so relative humidity changes with fluctuations in temperature.A humidity sensor, also called a hygrometer, measures and regularly reports the relative humidity in the air. They may be used in homes for people with illnesses affected by humidity; as part of home heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems;

Honeywell ( HIH series )

Humidity Sensor from HoneywellPackages are chemically resistant

operate in ranges of -40 °C to 85 °C ( -40 °F to 185 °F) Response time -15 sec in slowly moving air at 25 °CLow power design – 200 microA @ 5 VdcOperating voltage 4 – 5.8 vOn-chip signal processing ensures linear voltage output versus %RH.

FIRE DETECTOR SENSORA flame detector is a sensor intended to sight and respond to the presence of a flame, such as by turning on a fire suppression system or by turning off a fuel line, sooner than a smoke detector or a heat detector would. Fire sensor

FIRE ALARM SYSTEMA fire alarm system is a set of electric/electronic devices/equipment working together to detect and alert people through visual and audio appliances when smoke/fire is present. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors, heat detectors, water flow sensors, which are automatic or from a manual fire alarm pull station.

BLOCK

DI

AGRA

M

What these states functions

tempcool

HEATER-OFF

AC-ON

GAS PIPELINE-ON

WINDOW-OFFWATER

SPRINKLER-OFF

tempcool

ALARM-OFF

tempheat

tempheat

AC-OFF

GAS PIPELINE-ON

WINDOW-OFFWATER

SPRINKLER-OFF

HEATER-ON

ALARM-OFF

Humid

humid

AC-ON

WINDOW-OFF

GAS PIPELINE-ON

HEATER-OFF

WATER SPRINKLER-

OFF

ALARM-OFF

fire

fire GAS PIPELINE-

OFF

WINDOW-OFF

HEATER-OFF

WATER SPRINKLER-ON

AC-OFF

ALARM-ON

ApplicationHospitalsRestaurantsCinema TheatersSchools and educational institutionsHotelsOfficesRailways and metro servicesMalls and shopping complexesHousing societies

REFRENCESwww.verilog.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.google.comwww.altera.comvol.verilog.comhttp://content.honeywell.comwww.sensirion.com