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Technology and Academic Integrity
Cheating Goes CyberISECON 2003
Therese DonGiovanni O’NeilIndiana University of Pennsylvania
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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THE PROBLEM
1992 Cheating was rampant among North American University students
1996 APA survey showed that 50% of undergraduates admitted having cheated more than once
1999. McCabe study: over 75% of students on most campuses admit to some cheating.
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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HI-TECH CHEATING?
Has the Internet sparked a new dimension of cheating?
January, 2003: 12 students allegedly using their cell phones, dialed up all the right answers during fall exams (Maryland)
Two Columbia University undergrads were arrested for allegedly using high-tech transmitters and walkie-talkies to cheat on the GREs.(2002)
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Indiana University of Pennsylvania
2002-2003 School Year– In all of the Academic Integrity Level IV
hearings, the Graduate Students were most numerous in violating the Campus Academic Integrity Policy
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Is technology making it more convenient to cheat?
Another student asked for help from his buddy in the school library, using his Blackberry wireless e-mail device.
Another girl sold her lab assignment to the highest bidder on e-bay.
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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There are many faces of Academic Integrity
(outlined in detail in the paper)
CheatingFabricationFacilitating Academic DishonestyMultiple submissionsPlagiarismCopyright ViolationComputer dishonesty
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Why do Students Cheat?
McCabe survey (2001)– 32% because of laziness/they didn’t study/not
prepared– 29% to pass and get good grades– 12% pressures to succeed– 9%, they just didn’t know the answers or
understand– 5%, time pressure, too much work, etc– 13% ‘other’
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Has the advances in technology added fuel to the problem?
Wireless technologyCell phonesEbayText messaging
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Online Plagiarism just a click away
Need a term paper? Just point your browser to: http://www.mightystudents.com http://www.essaymill.com http://www.essaysonfile.com http://www.termpapers-on-file.com/ http://www.collegetermpapers.com http://www.12000papers.com http://
www.academictermpapers.com http://www.geniuspapers.com http://www.researchpaper.com
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Anti-Plagiarism WebSites
Many websites fight plagiarism Turnitin.com
– Checks papers against public available websites and other electronic sources available to students. The service keeps student papers in order to enlarge its database of manuscripts, books and journals.
Copycatch.com, Eve2.com More sites listed in the paper
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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PROFESSOR BEWARE
PlagiServe.com (since the writing of this paper, Plagiserve.com has been sold to
another company and is discontinued)
New site: MyDropBox.com
EduTie.com
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Helping?????
PlagiServe and EduTie
Appear to help check student papers for plagiarism, but have ties to websites that sell term papers to students.
Sites may be selling the very term papers they claim to check.
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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STRATEGIES TO DETER PLAGIARISM
Assign narrow and specific research topicsDon’t allow last-minute changes of topicsRequire outlines, 3-4 weeks prior to the
deadline, and draftsGive written or oral pop quizzes Put your school’s academic integrity policy
in your syllabusClearly explain your expectations
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Encourage students to come to you if they are confused about citation practices
Be a good role model, cite sources in your lectures Talk about academic honesty Teach students what plagiarism is and how to avoid it Create meaningful assignments Create clear parameters Limit sources Hand out a model paper to emulate
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Honor Code
Students cheat less often at schools with an honor code and peer culture that condemns dishonesty.
Serious test cheating on campuses with honor codes is typically 1/3 to ½ lower than the level on campuses that do not have honor codes.
Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Therese DonGiovanni O'Neil, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
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Top Ten Ways You Know a Paper is Plagiarized
10 The student asks you for a good website that sells papers
9 Mixed citation styles – MLA mixed with APA
8 Lack of reference or quotations7 Off topic/on topic
– The student probably used cut and paste
6 Signs of datedness– Data table offers a company’s sales from 1989 to 1994.
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5 Anomalies of diction– Mixing Paragraphs of varying levels together
4 Anomalies of style– Mixture of British and American punctuation or spelling
3 Unusual formatting– Strange margins, skewed tables, lines broken in half.
2 Anachronisms– If the paper refers to long-past events as current
• “Why isn’t the Carter Administration taking action on this”?• “Only after the Gulf War is over will we see lower oil prices”
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The Number 1 Reason to suspect Plagiarism
1 Smoking Guns Labels left at the end of papers
– (true stories) “Thank you for using TermpaperMania.com Title pages stapled to Web Printouts, complete with
dates and URL in the corners Title pages claiming the paper is by Tom Jones when
subsequent pages say “Smith, page 2” Papers with whiteout over the previous author’s
name
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Ten Principles of Academic Integrity
1. Affirm the importance of Academic Integrity2. Foster a love of learning3. Treat students as ends in themselves4. Promote an environment of trust 5. Encourage responsibility6. Clarify expectations7. Develop fair and relevant forms of assessment8. Reduce opportunities to engage in academic dishonesty9. Challenge academic dishonesty when it occurs10. Help define and support campus-wide academic integrity
standards
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Conclusion
Today’s technology has increased the capability of students’ cheating platform.
There is no solution to the problem of cheating, whether online or not.
There are strategies that we as professors can follow to deter academic integrity.
“…knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.” Samuel Johnson:
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Questions?
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