teaching veterinary forensics: chalenges and...

Teaching Veterinary Forensics:Chalenges and Perspectives in Brazil

Paulo César Maiorka

DVM – MSc – PhD

Department of Pathology

São Paulo University (USP)

• Associate Professor of Veterinary Pathology and

Veterinary Forensics

• Scientific Director – Brazilian Asssociation of Veterinary

Pathology

• Member of Brazilian Commission for

Veterinary Education (CNEMV) at the

Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine

(CFMV)

BIODIVERSITY

•Hundreds of undescribed

species

•Rich and endangered

environment

•Large area of water and

land still not inhabited

•Lungs of the earth?

Domestic/Domesticated

Large Animals

• First in cattle production

• First in poultry production

• Third in swine production

• Still possibility to grow

• (water & land)

Pet in Numbers

• Brazil has 32 milions of dogs

and 16 milions of cats

*According to the National Association of Food

Industry for Pets (Anfal Pet).

- It’s belived to be the second

largest population of these

animals in the planet,

* but more than 30% of animals do not consume

rations...

Brazil:

100 years of officialteaching ofVeterinaryMedicine

2011: World Veterinary Year

250 years of official teaching of Veterinary MedicineLyon – France

Claude Bourgelat

Veterinary Forensics in Brazil

Federal Law n. 5517, October 23ª, 1968:

-Professional Legal Competence and

establishes privative competence for:

- Expert examination in:

• animals, animal identification, disease status, defects and

accidents

and: techincal interpretation in legal issues:

- Expert Examination: Identification of frauds and and ilegal precedures in

sportive competitions and expositions

Veterinary Forensics

• Expert Examination for administrative

procedures: Credit and Insurance;

• Technical and Sanitary Examination of

products of animal origin.

Teaching Veterinary Forensics

• First Veterinary School:

– 1989 - UNESP – Botucatu,

Dr. ÊNIO PEDONE BANDARRADepartament of Veterinary Clinics

Section of Patology.

(Insurance – Horses)

MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA LEGALVPT0348

OPTIONAL VACATION COURSE(July, Since 2006 - WINTER )

USP

Aims:

• To introduce basic aspects oflegislation in Veterinary Medicine,and Veterinary Forensics

• To present professional areas ofactivity for Veterinarians in Forensics

Aims:

• To document cruelty and

environmental crimes involving

animals.

• To perform and report basictechniques of Crime Scene Investigationand writing official documents and

technical reports for Justice.

Program:

• *Law and Criminalistics

• *Identification and e Genealogy

• *Tanatology

• *Forensic Pathology

• *Traumatology

• *Forensic Toxicology

Program:

• *Laboratorial Exams in

Forensics

• *Legislation on products of

animal origin

Program:

• *Legislation and Exams to determineResidues of Veterinary Drugs

• Legislation related to control of

veterinary drugs/medicaments and

immunobiological products.

Rave Parties – Veterinary Drugs-Ketamine-

http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Brasil/foto/0,,14683870,00.jpg

special k

Imprisoned for Drug Traffiking

Program/Cruelty:

• * Maltreatment/mistreatment/Cruelty

towards animals and environmental

crimes

• * Expert Criminal Analysis performed

by Veterinarians

• * Prepareation of reports, and legal

documents

Program:

• *Legislation related to nacional

and internacional transport of

animals

Identification

• First step.

Recognition of species by bones/DNA

Marcelo Bittencourt Contieri

• Residence Trainning in Animal Pathology

• 2004 :Master in Experimental andComparative Pathology

Domestic cat

Domestic dog

Bovine

Swine

Ovine

Alouatta guariba-Bugio - Brown howler

Bank of bones - species

Resultados

Bush Dog: Cachorro do mato Opossum: Gambá Rabbit: Coelho

Horses

Domestic Cat Domestic Dog Bovine

Swine Ovine

Mitochondrial DNA

Alouatta guariba- Bugio -

Brown howler

Bush Dog –Cachorro do mato

Oposum: Gambá Rabbit: Coelho

Mitochondrial DNA

2010: Slaughtered Dogs in oriental

restaurants

Slaughterhouse

Convicted:Crime to Public Health

(No Federal Inspection)

Cruelty to animals

Cruelty to animals

Legislation on crime and cruelty

towards animals

• Decree 24.645/34 (Getúlio Vargas) that

determines what atitudes are considered

mistreatment (cruelty).

• IMPROVED BY:

• Federal Law 9605/98:

• (Law of Enviromental Crimes)

COLLABORATIONS:

• Centre of Zoonosis Control (CCZ) - São

Paulo (State Shelter).

• CZCs from the State of São Paulo

• Institut of Crime Investigation (Branch of

Enviromental crimes )

• State Police of São Paulo

• Federal and State Council of Veterinary

Medicine

ANIMAL CSI LAB

YouTube/Facebook

37

Meeting important people in a congress in

Brazil

Wild Life

Forensics

Miguel Bernardino dos Santos - IBAMA

Brazilian Institute of Environment

SUPERINTENDÊNCIA DO

IBAMA EM SÃO PAULO

Alameda Tietê , 637

Cerqueira César

CEP 01417-020

Tel (11) 3066-2633

www.ibama.gov.br/sp

Species in danger of Extinction

Environmental Crime: Wild Life

• According to INTERPOL

• Environmental crime is a serious and growing international problem, and one which takes many different forms.

• Pushing commercially valuable wildlife species closer to extinction.

• http://www.interpol.int/Public/EnvironmentalCrime/Default.asp

Environmental Crime: Wild Life

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

(CITES)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/CITES_logo.png

FAUNA

FAUNA

WILD LIFE

NATIVE

Wild Life

EXOTIC

Wild Life

FAUNA

DOMESTIC

Aspects of Ilegal Trade/Traffic of

animals

Indigenous population: food, decoration and domestication.

Local impact. Low incidence. Criteria.

Brazil – Terra Papagalis (Land of Parrots)

Contact with settlers:

Changes and:

Animals sent to the Old World –Pets, decoration hunting...

Modern routes of traffic

Report of ApprehensionDiagnostic by Regions:

Sudeste

44%

Nordeste

41%

Centro Oeste

5%

Norte

5%

Sul

5%

Fonte: CGFIS/ IBAMA

NorthSouth

Northeast Southeast

Center-West

São Paulo andRio de Janeiro

PI

BA

PB

CE

PE

MA

GO

TO

MT

MS

MG

RS

SP RJ

PI

BA

PB

CE

PE

MA

GO

TO

MT

MS

MG

RS

SP RJ

PI

BA

PB

CE

PE

MA

GO

TO

MT

MS

MG

RS

SP RJ

ROUTES OF THE TRAFFIC

International Routes

What wild animalscan be comercialized?

-Animals born in official commercial breeders

- Those that are ruled by specifications of law 117/

98

- In case of endangered species: Just after F2

generation

Identification of Wild Birds Born in

Captivity: Ring

Tarsal fracture due to forced ringingFraud and Cruelty

LINKING WITH OTHER ILEGAL

ACTIVITIES:

Traffic of drugs & animals

Apprehension of Boa constrictor(jibóias) in Miami, with cocaine

Traffic of Gemstone and

animals:

Ex: Eggs of rare birds withgemstones

CRUELTY: Ways of transport

REPTILES: vipers, snakes, jacare, tourtles, lizzards

Major species for international traffic

Ara ararauna Ara macao e Ara chloroptera

Major species for international traffic

Arara azul – Blue Macau - Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus

Most wanted species

BIRDS: passerines, psitacidae, Tucan,mutuns, owl, Hummingbird, etc.

FINAL DESTINATION

80%

Numbers of Traffic

Produces around US$ 10 bilionsto US$ 20 bilions per year.

Terceira maior atividade ilícita do mundo,

Is linked to traffic of

Drugs and weapons

Brazil is 10% of this marketWith US$ 1 bilion to US$ 2 bilions.

Is responsible for loss of 38 milions of animalsform the nature.

There are more than 400 specialized gorups (gangs) in action

Biopiracy and bioprospecting

• A situation where indigenous knowledge of nature is exploited for commercial gain.

• Many animal poisons can become medicines, or industrial/commercial products

Typification of traffic:

Qualification of Experts, international agencies

(investigation & science)

Massive Educational Program (Governamental

politics)

Politics for sustainable development and

protection of environment

Shelters for apprehended animals, end of

impunity.

URGENT ACTIONS

One World One Health

Office International des Epizooties (OIE) – 2010World Health Organization

UN

Thank you!

• Paulo César Maiorka

maiorka@usp.br