teaching veterinary forensics: chalenges and...
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Teaching Veterinary Forensics:Chalenges and Perspectives in Brazil
Paulo César Maiorka
DVM – MSc – PhD
Department of Pathology
São Paulo University (USP)
• Associate Professor of Veterinary Pathology and
Veterinary Forensics
• Scientific Director – Brazilian Asssociation of Veterinary
Pathology
• Member of Brazilian Commission for
Veterinary Education (CNEMV) at the
Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine
(CFMV)
BIODIVERSITY
•Hundreds of undescribed
species
•Rich and endangered
environment
•Large area of water and
land still not inhabited
•Lungs of the earth?
Domestic/Domesticated
Large Animals
• First in cattle production
• First in poultry production
• Third in swine production
• Still possibility to grow
• (water & land)
Pet in Numbers
• Brazil has 32 milions of dogs
and 16 milions of cats
*According to the National Association of Food
Industry for Pets (Anfal Pet).
- It’s belived to be the second
largest population of these
animals in the planet,
* but more than 30% of animals do not consume
rations...
Brazil:
100 years of officialteaching ofVeterinaryMedicine
2011: World Veterinary Year
250 years of official teaching of Veterinary MedicineLyon – France
Claude Bourgelat
Veterinary Forensics in Brazil
Federal Law n. 5517, October 23ª, 1968:
-Professional Legal Competence and
establishes privative competence for:
- Expert examination in:
• animals, animal identification, disease status, defects and
accidents
and: techincal interpretation in legal issues:
- Expert Examination: Identification of frauds and and ilegal precedures in
sportive competitions and expositions
Veterinary Forensics
• Expert Examination for administrative
procedures: Credit and Insurance;
• Technical and Sanitary Examination of
products of animal origin.
Teaching Veterinary Forensics
• First Veterinary School:
– 1989 - UNESP – Botucatu,
Dr. ÊNIO PEDONE BANDARRADepartament of Veterinary Clinics
Section of Patology.
(Insurance – Horses)
MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA LEGALVPT0348
OPTIONAL VACATION COURSE(July, Since 2006 - WINTER )
USP
Aims:
• To introduce basic aspects oflegislation in Veterinary Medicine,and Veterinary Forensics
• To present professional areas ofactivity for Veterinarians in Forensics
Aims:
• To document cruelty and
environmental crimes involving
animals.
• To perform and report basictechniques of Crime Scene Investigationand writing official documents and
technical reports for Justice.
Program:
• *Law and Criminalistics
• *Identification and e Genealogy
• *Tanatology
• *Forensic Pathology
• *Traumatology
• *Forensic Toxicology
Program:
• *Laboratorial Exams in
Forensics
• *Legislation on products of
animal origin
Program:
• *Legislation and Exams to determineResidues of Veterinary Drugs
• Legislation related to control of
veterinary drugs/medicaments and
immunobiological products.
Rave Parties – Veterinary Drugs-Ketamine-
http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Brasil/foto/0,,14683870,00.jpg
special k
Imprisoned for Drug Traffiking
Program/Cruelty:
• * Maltreatment/mistreatment/Cruelty
towards animals and environmental
crimes
• * Expert Criminal Analysis performed
by Veterinarians
• * Prepareation of reports, and legal
documents
Program:
• *Legislation related to nacional
and internacional transport of
animals
Identification
• First step.
Recognition of species by bones/DNA
Marcelo Bittencourt Contieri
• Residence Trainning in Animal Pathology
• 2004 :Master in Experimental andComparative Pathology
Domestic cat
Domestic dog
Bovine
Swine
Ovine
Alouatta guariba-Bugio - Brown howler
Bank of bones - species
Resultados
Bush Dog: Cachorro do mato Opossum: Gambá Rabbit: Coelho
Horses
Domestic Cat Domestic Dog Bovine
Swine Ovine
Mitochondrial DNA
Alouatta guariba- Bugio -
Brown howler
Bush Dog –Cachorro do mato
Oposum: Gambá Rabbit: Coelho
Mitochondrial DNA
2010: Slaughtered Dogs in oriental
restaurants
Slaughterhouse
Convicted:Crime to Public Health
(No Federal Inspection)
Cruelty to animals
Cruelty to animals
Legislation on crime and cruelty
towards animals
• Decree 24.645/34 (Getúlio Vargas) that
determines what atitudes are considered
mistreatment (cruelty).
• IMPROVED BY:
• Federal Law 9605/98:
• (Law of Enviromental Crimes)
COLLABORATIONS:
• Centre of Zoonosis Control (CCZ) - São
Paulo (State Shelter).
• CZCs from the State of São Paulo
• Institut of Crime Investigation (Branch of
Enviromental crimes )
• State Police of São Paulo
• Federal and State Council of Veterinary
Medicine
Meeting important people in a congress in
Brazil
Wild Life
Forensics
Miguel Bernardino dos Santos - IBAMA
Brazilian Institute of Environment
SUPERINTENDÊNCIA DO
IBAMA EM SÃO PAULO
Alameda Tietê , 637
Cerqueira César
CEP 01417-020
Tel (11) 3066-2633
www.ibama.gov.br/sp
Species in danger of Extinction
Environmental Crime: Wild Life
• According to INTERPOL
• Environmental crime is a serious and growing international problem, and one which takes many different forms.
• Pushing commercially valuable wildlife species closer to extinction.
• http://www.interpol.int/Public/EnvironmentalCrime/Default.asp
Environmental Crime: Wild Life
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/CITES_logo.png
FAUNA
FAUNA
WILD LIFE
NATIVE
Wild Life
EXOTIC
Wild Life
FAUNA
DOMESTIC
Aspects of Ilegal Trade/Traffic of
animals
Indigenous population: food, decoration and domestication.
Local impact. Low incidence. Criteria.
Brazil – Terra Papagalis (Land of Parrots)
Contact with settlers:
Changes and:
Animals sent to the Old World –Pets, decoration hunting...
Modern routes of traffic
Report of ApprehensionDiagnostic by Regions:
Sudeste
44%
Nordeste
41%
Centro Oeste
5%
Norte
5%
Sul
5%
Fonte: CGFIS/ IBAMA
NorthSouth
Northeast Southeast
Center-West
São Paulo andRio de Janeiro
PI
BA
PB
CE
PE
MA
GO
TO
MT
MS
MG
RS
SP RJ
PI
BA
PB
CE
PE
MA
GO
TO
MT
MS
MG
RS
SP RJ
PI
BA
PB
CE
PE
MA
GO
TO
MT
MS
MG
RS
SP RJ
ROUTES OF THE TRAFFIC
International Routes
What wild animalscan be comercialized?
-Animals born in official commercial breeders
- Those that are ruled by specifications of law 117/
98
- In case of endangered species: Just after F2
generation
Identification of Wild Birds Born in
Captivity: Ring
Tarsal fracture due to forced ringingFraud and Cruelty
LINKING WITH OTHER ILEGAL
ACTIVITIES:
Traffic of drugs & animals
Apprehension of Boa constrictor(jibóias) in Miami, with cocaine
Traffic of Gemstone and
animals:
Ex: Eggs of rare birds withgemstones
CRUELTY: Ways of transport
REPTILES: vipers, snakes, jacare, tourtles, lizzards
Major species for international traffic
Ara ararauna Ara macao e Ara chloroptera
Major species for international traffic
Arara azul – Blue Macau - Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
Most wanted species
BIRDS: passerines, psitacidae, Tucan,mutuns, owl, Hummingbird, etc.
FINAL DESTINATION
80%
Numbers of Traffic
Produces around US$ 10 bilionsto US$ 20 bilions per year.
Terceira maior atividade ilícita do mundo,
Is linked to traffic of
Drugs and weapons
Brazil is 10% of this marketWith US$ 1 bilion to US$ 2 bilions.
Is responsible for loss of 38 milions of animalsform the nature.
There are more than 400 specialized gorups (gangs) in action
Biopiracy and bioprospecting
• A situation where indigenous knowledge of nature is exploited for commercial gain.
• Many animal poisons can become medicines, or industrial/commercial products
Typification of traffic:
Qualification of Experts, international agencies
(investigation & science)
Massive Educational Program (Governamental
politics)
Politics for sustainable development and
protection of environment
Shelters for apprehended animals, end of
impunity.
URGENT ACTIONS
One World One Health
Office International des Epizooties (OIE) – 2010World Health Organization
UN
