system investment strategy through market turbulence
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Systematic Investment Strategy Through Market
Turbulence
By : Peter LimCFP, RFP, CFA Level 2 Candidate
Topic Contents:• Learning about History• Quiz : Guessing the market’s direction• What we can learn from the past?• Systematic Investment Strategy:
– Why we should invest systematically?– Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)– Value Averaging (VA)– Dynamic Asset Allocation (DAA)– Exercise, Advantages and Disadvantages of various
methods.
• Conclusion
Source: Frank Armstrong’s 21st Century Investments
Source: Frank Armstrong’s 21st Century Investments
Equity Fund : Historical Charts
Source: Quarter 4, 2007 Quarterly Fund Review of Public Mutual
Equity Fund : Historical Returns
Source: Quarter 4, 2007 Quarterly Fund Review of Public Mutual
Annual Return of PSF
-60.00%
-40.00%
-20.00%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
Source: Frank Armstrong’s 21st Century Investments
Source: Frank Armstrong’s 21st Century Investments
Source: Frank Armstrong’s 21st Century Investments
Quiz : Guess the market
• There’s 10 KLCI charts, all ranges from 1st Jan to 31st Dec on the same year.
• There’s 5 Years which is higher, and 5 which is lower.
• Given is the 1st half of the year.
• Guess the following half of the year (whether 31st Dec is higher or lower than 30th June)
Question 1
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 1 :
Will Market be
higher 46.7% ?
Question 2
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 2 :
Will Market be
higher -14.91% ?
Question 3
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 3 :
Will Market be
higher -0.79% ?
Question 4
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 4 :
Will Market be
higher 24.67% ?
Question 5
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 5 :
Will Market be
higher 2.23% ?
Question 6
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 6 :
Will Market be
higher 13.96% ?
Question 7
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 7 :
Will Market be
higher -12.45% ?
Question 8
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 8 :
Will Market be
higher -20.34% ?
Question 9
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 9 :
Will Market be
higher -0.06% ?
Question 10
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 10 :
Will Market be
higher -11.05% ?
Question 1 : 1981, Lower to 3.39%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 2 : 1984, Lower to -25.77%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 3 : 1986, Higher to 14.87%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 4 : 1989, Higher to 57.33%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 5 : 1990, Lower to -11.53%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 6 : 1993, Higher to 101.53%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 7 : 1997, Lower to -51.69%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 8 : 1998, Higher to 2.48%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 9 : 2000, Lower to -18.5%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Question 10 : 2001, Higher to 4.42%
-50.00%
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Quotes from Warren Buffett
• ”We make no attempt to predict how security markets will behave”
• “Successfully forecasting short term stock market stock price movement is something we think neither we nor anyone else can do”
Quotes from Warren Buffett
• “We believe that short term forecasts of stock or bond prices are useless. The forecasts may tell you a great deal about the forecaster; they tell you nothing about the future.”
Quotes from Warren Buffett
• Even Now, Charlie and I continue to believe that short-term market forecasts are poison and should be kept locked up in a safe place, away from children and also from grown-ups who behave in the market like children.”
• Forecasting short term price movement is no difference with gambling.
• Investing doesn’t have to be that way.
Imagine you own a casino table:
• Odds for Casino Owner (in a round) : 52%
• Odds for Gambler (in a round) : 48%
• In Short term, either the Owner or Gambler might win (by a lot, too)
• In Long term, it’s the odds that counts.
• The best way to win in Casino, is to own it.
• Better, own it for long term (so that odds is on your side).
• Forecasting the short term direction of the market is a gambler’s game. It’s much better to own the casino (and banks, utilities, food companies… etc) instead.
• Instead of looking for one night stand, I prefer to look for life long partner.
What can we learn from the past?
• Money flows into most funds after good performance, and goes out when bad performance follows.
Humans Are EMOTIONAL !
Systematic Investment Strategy
• What is needed (for most people), is a systematic way of investing, which remove “Emotions” out of investing.
• A good “system” is the one that “force” investors to buy (more) when prices are low.
• DCA , VA and DAA are examples of systematic Investment Strategy.
Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)
• An easy to implement strategy that combines – a fixed regular investment amount, with – a lower cost acquisition of units than constant
units strategy.
Average ?
Month Invested Amount
Unit
Price
1 $ 100 $ 1.00
2 $ 100 $ 0.50
Average ?
1. What is the Average Cost Per Unit ?(during the 2 months).
Average Cost < Average Price
Month Invested Amount
Unit
Price
Units Bought
1 $ 100 $ 1.00 100
2 $ 100 $ 0.50 200
Total $ 200 300
Average Price = $ 0.75 per unit,
Average Cost = $ 0.67 per unit only !
More vs Less
Month Unit
Price
Units Bought
1 $ 1.00 100
2 $ 0.50 200
Total 300
Month Unit
Price
Units Bought
1 $ 0.80 125
2 $ 0.70 143
Total 268
Fund A-ggresive Fund B-oring
a) Both Funds are invested RM 100 Monthly
b) Both Funds have the same average price per unit (RM 0.75)
c) Fund A is more “Aggressive”, and Fund B is more “Stable”
DCA - Application
• Best applied over 3 years or more to take advantage of the market’s fluctuation.
• Use Funds that fluctuates a lot for maximum advantage
– PEF, PFES, PITTIKAL, PFEDF, PDSF
DCA - Summary
• It is simple to implement as the amount to invest every month is fixed.
• Encourage a person to save regularly.
• However, it does not have an “exit” point to sell.
Start as soon as possible
Value Averaging (VA)
• Value Averaging is a formula strategy that
– is more flexible and
– has a lower average per-unit purchase price (and usually a higher rate of return) than dollar cost averaging.
Value Averaging (VA) cont.
• Instead of a “fixed dollar” rule as with DCA, the rule under VA is to
make the value of each of your unit holdings
go up by $ 100 (or some other amount) each month.
VA Average Cost < DCA Average Cost
Month Unit
Price
Total Value
# Units To Own
Units Obtained
Amount Invested
1 $ 1.00 $ 100 100 100 $ 100
2 $ 0.50 $ 200 400 300 $ 150
Total 400 $ 250
DCA Average Cost = $ 0.67 per unit,
VA Average Cost = $ 0.625 per unit only !
VA Summary
• By focusing on predetermined value goal that increases over time, you take the DCA philosophy of “buy more cheap units” a step further.
• Returns are generally higher, and risk are generally lower (because you’re buying more when prices are low, and possibly sell when prices are high).
• Features of VA makes it more complicated, and tedious to monitor.
Dynamic Asset Allocation (DAA)
• An investment strategy, allocating our investments into various asset classes. Personally, I use Equity Fund and Bond Fund.
• Allocation to Equity Fund will be more when market is “undervalued”, with the balanced into Bond Fund, and vice versa.
• Switching is done periodically.
Ideas behind DAA
Market’s Valuation Equity Fund
Bond Fund
Over Valued 0% 100%
Slightly overvalued 25% 75%
Fairly Valued 50% 50%
Slightly undervalued 75% 25%
Under Valued 100% 0%
Benefits of DAA
• It’s to cater for “big” Lump Sum investment.
• Instead of switching funds, we can also “re-allocate” funds by doing topup to the Asset Class that the portfolio recommends.
• Sell Winners, Buy losers(In other words, you’re selling High and, buying Low)
• Lower Risk, Higher Return
Application of DAA
3 months ago (market is
fairly valued)
Fixed I ncome Equity
Today (market is
slightly overvalued)
Fixed I ncome Equity Equity to Bond
Exercise
• Fill up the blanks on various Systematic methods of Investing.
• While doing it, try to think of the advantages/ disadvantages of each methods.
Constant Unit Purchase (Fixed # of Units Obtained)
Constant Unit Purchase
Month Unit PriceAmount Invested
Units Obtained
1 RM 1.00 RM 1,000.00 1000
2 RM 0.60 RM 600.00 1000
3 RM 1.40 RM 1,400.00 1000
Total RM 3,000.00 3000
Average cost per unit RM 1.0000
Dollar Cost Averaging (Fixed Amount Invested)
Dollar Cost Averaging
Month Unit PriceAmount Invested
Units Obtained
1 RM 1.00 RM 1,000.00 1000.00
2 RM 0.60 RM 1,000.00 1666.67
3 RM 1.40 RM 1,000.00 714.29
Total RM 3,000.00 3380.96
Average cost per unit RM 0.8873
Value Averaging(Increase the Value by a fixed Amount)
Value Averaging
Month Unit Price
Total Value(RM)
# of Units to Own
Units Obtained
Amount Invested
(RM)
1 1.00 1,000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1,000.00
2 0.60 2,000.00 3333.33 2333.33 1,400.00
3 1.40 3,000.00 2142.86 -1190.48 (1,666.67)
Total 2142.86 733.33
Average cost per unit
RM 0.3422
Thoughts and consideration before applying DCA, VA and DAA
• Choosing the right vehicle(Unit Trust instead of individual stocks)
• Choosing the right Unit Trust(choose an equity fund that reflects the benchmark that we wanted)
• Switching Fee
• Investment Time Horizon
• Time involved vs. income earned to monitor and switch funds
What would Benjamin Graham thought about it
• “The majority of investors should be satisfied with the reasonably good return obtainable from a defensive portfolio”
• “To achieve satisfactory investment results is easier than most people realize”
Lessons Learned
• Lesson No 1: Start Invest Early
• Lesson No. 2: Plan for a Reasonable Rate of Return
• Lesson No. 3: Use a system (DCA, VA or DAA), and not “guessing” the market’s direction.
• Lesson No. 4: Force Yourself
• “The Greatest Enemy of a good plan, is the dream of a perfect plan”
Carl von Clausewitz
Questions
&
Answers
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