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FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

SURVEYING AND

MAPPING HANDBOOK OCTOBER 10, 2016

SURVEYING AND MAPPING HANDBOOK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 13

DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 17

PURPOSE ..................................................................................................................... 19

AUTHORITY ................................................................................................................. 19

SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 19

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 19

REQUIREMENTS FOR SURVEYS ............................................................................... 19

DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................................................. 20

TRAINING ..................................................................................................................... 20

FORMS ......................................................................................................................... 20

SURVEYING AND MAPPING ....................................................................................... 21

1. CONTROL ....................................................................................................... 21

1.1. HORIZONTAL PROJECT CONTROL (27.1).................................................... 21

1.2. VERTICAL PROJECT CONTROL (27.2) ......................................................... 21

1.3. AERIAL NETWORK CONTROL (27.4) ............................................................ 22

2. ALIGNMENT .................................................................................................... 22

2.1. RETRACEMENT .............................................................................................. 22

2.2. MONUMENTATION (27.3) AND REFERENCE POINTS (27.5) ....................... 22

2.3. STATIONING (27.3) ......................................................................................... 22

2.4. DEFINITION OF CURVATURE ........................................................................ 23

2.5. ALIGNMENT SUBMITTAL/APPROVAL ........................................................... 23

3. TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 23

3.1. FIELD DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................... 23

3.2. DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL – 3D (27.6) .......................................................... 24

3.3. ROADWAY CROSS-SECTIONS (27.8) ........................................................... 24

3.4. PLANIMETRIC – 2D (27.7) .............................................................................. 24

3.5. SIDE STREET SURVEYS (27.9) ..................................................................... 25

3.6. UNDERGROUND/SUBSURFACE UTILITIES (27.10) ..................................... 25

3.6.1. SUBSURFACE UTILITY QUALITY LEVELS ................................................... 25

3.7. DESIGN SURVEYS ......................................................................................... 26

3.7.1. OUTFALL SURVEYS (27.11) .......................................................................... 26

3.7.2. DRAINAGE SURVEYS (27.12) ........................................................................ 26

3.7.3. BRIDGE SURVEYS (27.13) ............................................................................. 27

3.7.4. CHANNEL SURVEYS (27.14) ......................................................................... 27

3.7.5. POND SITE SURVEYS (27.15) ....................................................................... 27

4. BOUNDARY SURVEYS (27.22) ...................................................................... 27

4.1. SECTIONAL/GRANT SURVEYS (27.19) ......................................................... 28

4.2. SUBDIVISION LOCATION SURVEYS (27.20) ................................................ 28

4.2.1. WATER BOUNDARY SURVEYS (27.23) ........................................................ 28

5. SPECIFIC PURPOSE SURVEYS .................................................................... 29

5.1. MITIGATION SURVEYS (27.16) ...................................................................... 29

5.2. JURISDICTION LINE SURVEYS (27.17) ......................................................... 29

5.3. GEOTECHNICAL SUPPORT (27.18) .............................................................. 29

6. RIGHT OF WAY............................................................................................... 29

6.1. MAINTAINED RIGHT OF WAY (27.21) ........................................................... 29

6.2. RIGHT OF WAY STAKING, PARCEL/RIGHT OF WAY LINE (27.24) ............. 30

6.3. RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENTATION (27.25) .................................................. 30

7. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS (27.28) ............................................................ 30

8. SUPPLEMENTAL SURVEYS (27.29) .............................................................. 30

9. SURVEY REPORT .......................................................................................... 30

10. OFFICE PROCEDURES ................................................................................. 31

10.1. DOCUMENT RESEARCH (27.30) ................................................................... 31

10.2. TECHNICAL MEETINGS (27.32) ..................................................................... 31

10.3. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (27.33) ................................... 31

10.3.1. QUALITY CONTROL REVIEWS...................................................................... 31

10.3.2. PROPOSED METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION ........................................... 32

10.4. SUPERVISION (27.34) .................................................................................... 33

10.5. COORDINATION (27.35) ................................................................................. 33

11. FIELD PROCEDURES .................................................................................... 33

11.1. FIELD REVIEW (27.31) ................................................................................... 33

11.2. LINE CUTTING (27.26) .................................................................................... 33

11.3. WORK ZONE SAFETY (27.27) ........................................................................ 33

AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY .................................................................................... 35

12. OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 35

12.1. ASPRS HORIZONTAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR GEOSPATIAL

DATA ............................................................................................................... 35

12.2. ASPRS VERTICAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL ELEVATION

DATA ............................................................................................................... 36

12.3. FDOT PROJECT HORIZONTAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR

PHOTOGRAMMETRY ..................................................................................... 36

12.4. FDOT PROJECT VERTICAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR

PHOTOGRAMMETRY ..................................................................................... 36

13. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 37

13.1. DIGITAL CAMERA SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ............................................ 37

13.2. DIGITAL EXPOSURE DOCUMENTATION ...................................................... 37

13.3. AIRBORNE GNSS PROCESSING (28.5) ........................................................ 37

13.4. POST MISSION REPORTING ......................................................................... 38

13.5. AERIAL TRIANGULATION/AEROTRIANGULATION (28.9) ............................ 38

13.6. BEFORE WORK BEGINS ................................................................................ 39

13.6.1. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL PLAN (28.23) ................ 39

13.7. PLANNING (28.1) ............................................................................................ 39

13.7.1. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY MISSION PLAN (28.1) .......................................... 39

13.8. GROUND CONTROL RECONNAISSANCE (28.2) .......................................... 40

14. GROUND CONTROL SURVEY (28.2) ............................................................ 40

14.1. GROUND CONTROL TABLE EXAMPLE ........................................................ 41

14.2. CONTROL SURVEY DELIVERABLES ............................................................ 42

14.3. DIGITAL MEDIA (CONTROL SURVEY) .......................................................... 42

15. ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY (28.11) .................................................................... 43

15.1. HORIZONTAL ACCURACY CLASSES FOR VARYING DIGITAL

ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY RESOLUTIONS ..................................................... 45

16. PLANIMETRIC (28.16) .................................................................................... 45

17. VERTICAL (28.10) ........................................................................................... 46

18. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING (28.15)................................................................. 46

19. DRAINAGE BASIN (28.17) .............................................................................. 46

20. CADD EDIT (28.18) ......................................................................................... 47

21. DATA MERGING (28.19) ................................................................................. 47

22. FIELD REVIEW (28.21) ................................................................................... 47

23. AERIAL SURVEY DELIVERABLES................................................................. 47

23.1. DIGITAL MEDIA ............................................................................................... 48

24. REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 49

25. EXAMPLE ACCURACIES FOR ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY ............................. 50

RIGHT OF WAY MAPPING .......................................................................................... 51

26. MASTER CADD FILE ...................................................................................... 51

26.1. ALIGNMENT (29.1) .......................................................................................... 51

26.2. SECTION AND QUARTER-SECTION LINES (29.2) ....................................... 51

26.3. SUBDIVISIONS (29.3) ..................................................................................... 51

26.4. EXISTING RIGHT OF WAY (29.4) ................................................................... 51

26.5. TOPOGRAPHY (29.5) ..................................................................................... 51

26.6. PARENT TRACT PROPERTIES AND EXISTING EASEMENTS (29.6) .......... 52

26.7. PROPOSED RIGHT OF WAY REQUIREMENTS (29.7) ................................. 52

26.8. LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION (29.8) ............................................................... 52

26.9. JURISDICTIONAL/AGENCY LINES (29.9) ...................................................... 52

27. SHEET FILES .................................................................................................. 52

27.1. CONTROL SURVEY ........................................................................................ 53

27.1.1. GENERAL MAP REQUIREMENTS ................................................................. 53

27.1.2. CONTROL SURVEY COVER SHEET (29.10) ................................................. 53

27.1.3. CONTROL SURVEY KEY SHEET (29.11) ...................................................... 54

27.1.4. CONTROL SURVEY DETAIL SHEET (29.12) ................................................. 54

27.2. RIGHT OF WAY MAP ...................................................................................... 54

27.2.2. RIGHT OF WAY MAP COVER SHEET (29.13) ............................................... 56

27.2.3. RIGHT OF WAY MAP KEY SHEET (29.14) .................................................... 56

27.2.4. RIGHT OF WAY MAP DETAIL SHEET (29.15) ............................................... 56

27.2.5. MAP PROCESSING ........................................................................................ 57

27.2.6. MAP REVISIONS............................................................................................. 57

27.3. MAINTENANCE MAP ...................................................................................... 57

27.3.2. MAINTENANCE MAP COVER SHEET (29.16) ............................................... 58

27.3.3. MAINTENANCE MAP KEY SHEET (29.17) ..................................................... 59

27.3.4. MAINTENANCE MAP DETAIL SHEET (29.18) ............................................... 60

27.3.5. MAP PROCESSING ........................................................................................ 60

27.4. REFERENCE POINT SHEET SET (29.19) ...................................................... 60

27.5. PROJECT NETWORK CONTROL SHEET (29.20) ......................................... 60

27.6. TABLE OF OWNERSHIPS SHEET (29.21) ..................................................... 61

28. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS AND SKETCHES............................................ 61

28.1. PARCEL SKETCHES (29.22) .......................................................................... 61

28.2. TIITF SKETCHES (29.23) ................................................................................ 61

28.3. OTHER SPECIFIC PURPOSE SURVEYS (29.24) .......................................... 61

28.4. BOUNDARY SURVEY MAP (29.25) ................................................................ 61

28.5. RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENTATION MAP (29.26) ......................................... 61

28.5.1. ADDITIONS TO THE RIGHT OF WAY MAP ................................................... 61

28.5.2. CERTIFICATIONS ........................................................................................... 62

29. MAP PREPARATION ...................................................................................... 63

29.1. SIZE & FORMAT .............................................................................................. 63

29.2. MATERIAL ....................................................................................................... 63

30. TITLE SEARCH AND DOCUMENT PREPARATION (29.28) .......................... 63

30.1. TITLE SEARCH MAP (29.27) .......................................................................... 64

30.2. RIGHT OF WAY MAPPING RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................ 64

30.3. ORDERING A TITLE SEARCH ........................................................................ 64

30.4. CERTIFICATION OF UPDATE ........................................................................ 65

31. LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS (29.29) ..................................................................... 65

31.1. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................... 65

31.2. INFORMATION FOR WRITING LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS ............................... 65

31.3. EARLY INVOLVMENT IN MAP PREPARATION ............................................. 65

31.4. ASSIGNMENT OF PARCEL NUMBERS ......................................................... 66

31.5. VESTING OF TITLE TO ROADS ..................................................................... 66

31.6. PREPARATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS ................................................. 66

31.6.1. BASIC METHODS ........................................................................................... 67

31.6.2. AREA ............................................................................................................... 67

31.6.3. METES AND BOUNDS DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................ 67

31.6.4. SURVEY ALIGNMENT DESCRIPTION ........................................................... 68

31.6.5. WHOLE AND PARTIAL TAKINGS................................................................... 70

31.7. MULTIPLE DESCRIPTIONS, LIMITED ACCESS & FREE ACCESS .............. 70

31.8. EASEMENTS ................................................................................................... 71

31.8.1. TEMPORARY EASEMENTS ........................................................................... 71

31.8.2. PERPETUAL EASEMENTS ............................................................................ 71

31.9. VERIFICATION ................................................................................................ 71

31.10. CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 71

32. MISCELLANEOUS .......................................................................................... 72

32.1. ROAD TRANSFERS ........................................................................................ 72

33. OFFICE PROCEDURES ................................................................................. 72

33.1. TECHNICAL MEETINGS (29.32) ..................................................................... 72

33.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (29.33) ................................... 72

33.3. SUPERVISION (29.34) .................................................................................... 72

33.4. COORDINATION (29.35) ................................................................................. 72

33.5. SUPPLEMENTAL MAPPING (29.36) ............................................................... 73

33.6. FINAL MAP/PLANS COMPARISON (29.30) .................................................... 73

34. FIELD PROCEDURES .................................................................................... 73

34.1. FIELD REVIEWS ............................................................................................. 73

TERRESTRIAL MOBILE LiDAR .................................................................................. 74

35. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 74

36. TERRESTRIAL MOBILE LIDAR METHODS ................................................... 74

36.1. TYPES OF TML SURVEYS ............................................................................. 74

37. TML PROJECT SELECTION ........................................................................... 75

38. TML EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................... 75

38.1. MINIMUM TML SYSTEM SENSOR COMPONENTS ...................................... 76

39. TML PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES .............................. 76

39.1. TML MISSION .................................................................................................. 76

39.2. PROJECT BASE STATION CONTROL ESTABLISHMENT ............................ 77

39.3. EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND BORE SIGHT CALIBRATION ................ 78

39.4. REDUNDANCY ................................................................................................ 78

39.5. MONITORING DATA COLLECTION ............................................................... 78

39.6. PROJECT CONTROL AND VALIDATION POINTS ......................................... 78

39.6.1. TYPICAL TML TYPE “A” PROJECT CONTROL AND VALIDATION POINT

LAYOUT .......................................................................................................... 80

39.6.2. TML SURVEY SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 80

39.7. ACCURACY ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 83

39.8. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL ................................................ 83

40. TML DELIVERABLES AND DOCUMENTATION ............................................. 83

40.1. ALL TML TYPE DELIVERABLES .................................................................... 84

40.1.1. LiDAR POINT CLASSES ................................................................................. 85

40.2. TML SURVEY REPORT .................................................................................. 87

APPENDIX A – NOTES, DATA COLLECTION AND DATA PROCESSING ..............A-1

1. NOTES AND NOTEKEEPING ........................................................................A-1

1.1. CERTIFIED FIELD BOOK ...............................................................................A-3

1.2. FIELD WORK BOOK ......................................................................................A-3

2. ELECTRONIC SURVEY DATA COLLECTION ...............................................A-3

2.1. CALIBRATION ................................................................................................A-3

2.2. CONTROL CHECK-IN ....................................................................................A-4

2.3. ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT METHODS .................................................A-4

2.3.1. TOPOGRAPHY, DTM, AND R/W CONTROL SURVEY DATA .......................A-4

2.3.2. HD MODE .......................................................................................................A-4

2.3.3. HVD MODE ....................................................................................................A-4

2.3.4. SOR MODE ....................................................................................................A-4

3. TOPOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................A-5

3.1. CHAINS ..........................................................................................................A-5

3.1.1. GROUND ........................................................................................................A-5

3.1.2. BREAK LINES ................................................................................................A-5

3.2. POINTS ...........................................................................................................A-5

3.2.1. GROUND ........................................................................................................A-5

3.2.2. FEATURE .......................................................................................................A-6

3.2.3. SPOT ELEVATIONS .......................................................................................A-6

3.3. CHECK CROSS-SECTIONS ..........................................................................A-6

4. SEGMENTING ................................................................................................A-6

5. DATA PROCESSING .....................................................................................A-7

6. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................A-7

7. QUALITY CONTROL ......................................................................................A-7

8. DELIVERABLES .............................................................................................A-8

APPENDIX B – GNSS GUIDELINES ..........................................................................B-1

1. TYPES OF GNSS SURVEYS .........................................................................B-1

2. NETWORK DESIGN PLAN ............................................................................B-1

2.1. REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................B-1

3. GNSS EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................B-2

4. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................B-2

5. POINT TYPES ................................................................................................B-2

5.1. STATEWIDE NETWORK CONTROL (FPRN) ................................................B-2

5.2. PRIMARY PROJECT CONTROL (PPC) .........................................................B-2

5.2.1. OBSERVATIONS............................................................................................B-2

5.2.2. LOCALIZATION ..............................................................................................B-2

5.2.3. DELIVERABLES .............................................................................................B-2

5.2.4. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................B-2

5.2.5. BEST PRACTICES .........................................................................................B-3

5.3. SECONDARY PROJECT CONTROL .............................................................B-3

5.3.1. OBSERVATIONS............................................................................................B-3

5.3.2. LOCALIZATION ..............................................................................................B-3

5.3.3. DELIVERABLES .............................................................................................B-3

5.3.5. BEST PRACTICES .........................................................................................B-3

5.4. PROJECT VALIDATION CONTROL ...............................................................B-3

5.4.1. ESTABLISHMENT OF VALIDATION POINTS ...............................................B-3

5.4.2. OBSERVATIONS............................................................................................B-4

5.4.3. LOCALIZATION ..............................................................................................B-4

5.4.4. DELIVERABLES .............................................................................................B-4

5.4.6. BEST PRACTICES .........................................................................................B-4

5.5. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY ...................................................................B-4

5.5.1. VALIDATION POINT CHECK-IN ....................................................................B-4

5.5.2. OBSERVATIONS............................................................................................B-5

5.5.3. DELIVERABLES .............................................................................................B-5

5.5.5. BEST PRACTICES .........................................................................................B-5

5.6. SURVEY REPORT .........................................................................................B-5

APPENDIX C – ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ C-1

APPENDIX D – FORMS ............................................................................................. D-1

APPENDIX E – SURVEY REPORTS...........................................................................E-1

ABBREVIATIONS

2D – 2 Dimensional

3D – 3 Dimensional

ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASPRS – American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

AT – Aerial Triangulation or Aerotriangulation

BM – Bench Mark

BSM – Bureau of Survey and Mapping

CADD – Computer Aided Design and Drafting

CORS – Continuously Operating Reference Station

CSDGM – Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

CSMO –Central Surveying and Mapping Office

DEM – Digital Elevation Model

Department – Florida Department of Transportation

DMI – Distance Measuring Instrument

DSMO – District Surveying and Mapping Office

DTM – Digital Terrain Model

EFB – Electronic Field Book

EOR – Engineer of Record

F.A.C. – Florida Administrative Code

FDEP – Florida Department of Environmental Protection

FDOT – Florida Department of Transportation

FGDC - Federal Geographic Data Committee

FHWA – Federal Highway Administration

FKP - Flachen Korrektur Parameter

FPRN – Florida Permanent Reference Network

F.S. – Florida Statutes

GDOP – Geometric Dilution of Precision

GLONASS – Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System

GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS – Global Positioning System

GSD – Ground Sample Distance

iMAC – Individualized Master Auxiliary Concept (iMAX)

IMU – Inertial Measurement Unit

INS – Inertial Navigation System

LiDAR – Light Detection and Ranging

MOT – Maintenance of Traffic

MAC – Master Auxiliary Concept (MAX)

MHWL – Mean High Water Line

MSTS – Mobile Survey Tracking System

NAD – North American Datum

NAVD – North American Vertical Datum

NDP – Network Design Plan

NGS – National Geodetic Survey

NGVD – National Geodetic Vertical Datum

NSRS – National Spatial Reference System

NSSDA – National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy

OHWL – Ordinary High Water Line

OPUS – Online Positioning User Service (NGS Web-based Software)

OPUS-P – Online Positioning User Service Projects (NGS Web-based Software)

OPUS-RS – Online Positioning User Service Rapid Static (NGS Web-based

Software)

PC – Point of Curvature

PDOP – Positional Dilution of Precision

PI – Point of Intersection

PNC – Project Network Control

POC – Point on Curve

POT – Point on Tangent

PT – Point of Tangency

PSM – Professional Surveyor and Mapper

QA/QC – Quality Assurance/Quality Control

RGNSS – Real-Time GNSS

RINEX – Receiver Independent Exchange Format

RMS – Root Mean Square

RMSE – Root Mean Square Error

RS – Rapid Static

RSGNSS – Rapid Static GNSS

RT – Real-Time Positioning

RTK – Real-Time Kinematic

RTN – Real-Time Network

R/W – Right of Way

Scope – Project Scope of Services

SGNSS – Static GNSS

SMO – Surveying and Mapping Office

SRD – State Road Department

SUEL – Safe Upland Elevation Line

TBM – Temporary Bench Mark

TIITF – Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund

TRB – Transportation Research Board

USGS – United States Geological Survey

VRS – Virtual Reference System

X,Y,Z – Cartesian Coordinates

DEFINITIONS

Accuracy – Degree of conformity with a standard or accepted value. Accuracy

relates to the quality of a result, and is distinguished from precision which relates

to the quality of the operation by which the result is obtained.

Artifacts – Erroneous data points that do not correctly depict the scanned area.

Objects moving through the scanner’s field of view, temporary obstructions, highly

reflective surfaces, and erroneous measurements at edges of artifacts (also known

as “edge effects”) can cause artifacts.

Axis Test – Method of calibration in which multiple direct and reverse angular

readings are used to correct systematic errors in a total station.

Bathymetry – The art or science of determining ocean depths.

Image - A pattern formed by electromagnetic radiation that approximately

duplicates the pattern formed by a real object or a physical field detectable by the

radiation. This definition is more general than the usual definition because many

instruments used for detection operate at other than light frequencies but in ways

similar or analogous to those used for forming optical images. The kind of radiation

forming an image is usually specified by adding a word that identifies the part of

the spectrum involved, e.g., radio image, infrared image, optical image, and X-ray

image. However, the terms "radar image" and "X-ray image" are used to refer to

optical images of the images formed by radar or X-ray. Source: National Geodetic

Survey: Geodetic Glossary. Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 86-

61105. 1986. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS-

Proxy/Glossary/xml/NGS_Glossary.xml

LAS – A binary file standard supported by the American Society of

Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) for storing point location and

attribute information primarily used for LiDAR data.

LiDAR – An active optical remote sensing technology which measures the return

properties of scattered light to determine range, direction, and other information of

a distant line-of-sight object

Localization – A coordinate transformation from the GNSS reference system to

the project specified system as defined by Department approved control.

Mean High Water (MHW) – The average height of the high waters over a 19 year

period.

Mean High Water Line (MHWL) – The intersection of the tidal plane of mean high

water with the shore.

Ordinary High Water (OHW) – The highest reach of a navigable, nontidal

waterbody as it usually exists when in its ordinary condition.

Ordinary High Water Line (OHWL) – The intersection of the plane of ordinary

high water with the shore in areas without tidal influence.

Orthophotograph - A photographic copy, prepared from a perspective

photograph, in which the displacements of images due to tilt and relief have been

removed. (Source: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping and the

American Society of Civil Engineers. Definitions of Surveying and Associated

Terms. Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 72-76807. Washington 1972,

1978.)

Point Cloud - A relatively precise group of three dimensional point data collected

by a laser scanner from a single observation session. A point cloud may be merged

with other point clouds to form a larger composite point cloud.

Point Density - The number of points per unit area; can also be expressed as the

average distance between points in a point cloud. National Cooperative Highway

Research Program (NCHRP) : Report 748. (2013). Guidelines for the Use of

Mobile LIDAR in Transportation Applications. Washington D.C.: Transportation

Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences.

Positional Accuracy – A statistical estimate of how close the measured position

of a point or object is to its true location in a defined spatial system or datum.

Precision – A measure of the uniformity or reproducibility of the result. Precision

relates to the quality of the operation by which the result is obtained and is

distinguished from accuracy which relates to the quality of the result.

Project Specific Datum – Datum/Realization used for project monumentation

(date specific) or specified by the Scope of Services.

PURPOSE

This handbook sets forth basic guidelines for performing surveying and mapping

activities, developing products, and quality assurance/quality control for the Department.

It is not intended to be a comprehensive technical manual but is to act as a directive for

requirements, guidelines, and best practices. For specific project instructions, see the

AUTHORITY

Sections 20.23(4)(a), F.S. and 334.048(3), F.S.

This handbook applies to anyone performing surveying and mapping services for the

Department under the Surveying and Mapping Workgroup or referenced or as directed in

other guidelines, specifications, or contract requirements.

REFERENCES

Chapter 20, F.S. – Organizational Structure Chapter 177, F.S. – Land Boundaries

Chapter 287, F.S. – Procurement of Personal Property and Services Chapter 334, F.S. – Transportation Administration

Chapter 337, F.S. – Contracting; Acquisition; Disposal; and Use of Property

Chapter 472, F.S. – Land Surveying and Mapping

Rule Chapter 5J-17, F.A.C. – Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers

Rule Chapter 14-75, F.A.C. – Qualification, Selection and Performance Evaluation

Requirements for Professional Consultants to Perform Work for DOT

Surveying and Mapping Procedures, Topic No. 550-030-101-c

CADD Manual, Topic No. 625-050-001

EFB User’s Handbook

Survey Safety Handbook

GENERAL

This handbook supersedes the previous Surveying Handbook dated 10/31/2003 and

the Right of Way Mapping Handbook dated January 2003.

REQUIREMENTS FOR SURVEYS

All surveys done for the Department will be conducted in accordance with the Standards

of Practice set forth in Rule Chapter 5J-17, F.A.C., pursuant to Section 472.027, F.S.

There may be requirements set forth by the Department that are more stringent than

those defined in the Standards of Practice that must be adhered to as well.

DISTRIBUTION

This handbook will be made available by the CSMO. The Department will consider input

from all users concerning the regular upkeep of this handbook. Appropriate contact

information will be included in the handbook for users to submit suggestions for revisions

to the handbook. Items warranting immediate revision, or revisions mandated by state or

federal law, will be made to the handbook after review by the State Surveyor, in the form

of revisions to this handbook or Surveying and Mapping Bulletins. These revisions

may be temporary in nature or may carry over until the next handbook revision.

TRAINING

See Maintenance of Traffic Training, Topic No. 625-010-010 for information on

Maintenance of Traffic training and certification.

See the DSMO for applicable forms.

SURVEYING AND MAPPING

1. CONTROL

1.1. HORIZONTAL PROJECT CONTROL (27.1)

Horizontal positions are referenced to the Florida State Plane Coordinate System, NAD

83, 1990 or later readjustment or realizations. Some existing projects may be referred to

NAD 27. When two or more datums are encountered on a project, additional survey may

be required to determine their relationship.

In some jurisdictions there are control points which are on a local or assumed datum. A

local or assumed datum will only be used with written authorization from the DSMO.

Exercise caution when using a local or assumed datum.

Since there is no direct mathematical method to accurately transform coordinates from

one system to the other, the use of data conversion programs, such as NADCON and

CORPSCON, is discouraged. However, they could be used for specific projects where a

general accuracy of ±0.5 ft. is acceptable. This will require written authorization from the

Project Network Control Data Sheets will be filled out for all primary control set for a

project. See the DSMO for data sheets and instructions.

Note: The Department strongly encourages its consultants to report to NGS and the

DSMO any destroyed monuments that are recorded in the published data.

See Appendix C for horizontal control accuracy requirements.

1.2. VERTICAL PROJECT CONTROL (27.2)

Elevations are referenced to NAVD 88. Some existing projects may be referred to NGVD

29. When two or more datums are encountered on a project, additional survey may be

required to determine their relationship.

In some jurisdictions, there are bench marks which are on a local or assumed local datum.

A local or assumed datum will only be used with written authorization from the DSMO.

Exercise caution when using a local or assumed datum.

Since there is no direct mathematical method to accurately transform elevations from one

system to the other, the use of data conversion programs, such as VERTCON, is

discouraged. However, they could be used for specific projects where the required

project accuracy could be met using this method. This will require written authorization

from the DSMO.

Note: The Department strongly encourages its consultants to report to NGS and the

DSMO any destroyed monuments that are recorded in the published data.

See Appendix C for vertical control accuracy requirements.

1.3. AERIAL NETWORK CONTROL (27.4)

Place, locate, and maintain aerial targets and/or photo identifiable points. This includes

analysis and processing of all field collected data, existing maps, and/or reports.

Placement of these targets will be at the direction of the aerial firm.

See Appendix C for horizontal and vertical accuracy requirements.

2. ALIGNMENT

2.1. RETRACEMENT

The suggested order of importance is:

1. Alignment monumentation as shown on previous Department surveys or right of

way maps

2. Alignment reference points from previous projects

3. SRD and FDOT right of way monuments

4. Subdivision monuments and land lines shown on previous Department surveys

5. Significant improvements shown on the existing construction plans

6. Evidence along the right of way not shown on previous Department surveys

7. State plane coordinates from previous right of way documents

2.2. MONUMENTATION (27.3) AND REFERENCE POINTS (27.5)

Set suitable marks at PC’s, PT’s, PI’s, and POT’s and POC’s at ±1000 foot intervals;

reference these points as required. Reference points should be set at right angles or

radial to the baseline whenever possible.

2.3. STATIONING (27.3)

Survey stationing proceeds from south to north and from west to east on Department

projects. The prevailing direction of the route governs the direction of the survey and the

stationing. Thus, all surveys for a particular route are stationed in the same direction.

If the survey begins on an existing route, then the existing stationing is normally used.

2.4. DEFINITION OF CURVATURE

Arc definition curves are the standard used on current Department projects. On older

projects, chord defined curves may have been used. Where chord defined curves are

encountered on existing maps, it is necessary to convert the curve data to the arc

definition. The most practical method is to compute new curve data, holding the central

angle and tangents.

2.5. ALIGNMENT SUBMITTAL/APPROVAL

The deliverable includes:

a description of all points found.

a comparison of the field data to the record data.

a report or narrative describing the process by which the alignment was retraced.

a sketch or map of the preliminary alignment, including the alignment geometry

which consists of stationing, bearings, distances, complete curve data, and

coordinates.

When the preliminary alignment has been approved, a final alignment can be shown in

the field book with complete geometry and pertinent notes.

3. TOPOGRAPHY

3.1. FIELD DESCRIPTIONS

All surfaces should be identified, e.g., sod, pavement type, rock, and soil. Be specific in

the description.

Buildings and improvements within 50 feet for urban projects, or 100 feet for rural projects,

outside of the existing or proposed right of way line should be located, unless otherwise

instructed. Buildings (including overhangs where pertinent) should be listed by type, use,

and street address.

When locating fences, describe the kind, type, height, and condition since these fences

are usually moved, salvaged, or rebuilt during construction.

Wood lines, changes in types of cultivation, and breaks in terrain should all be indicated.

In orchards and groves where trees are spaced in rows, it is necessary to locate the trees

affected by the design. Indicate the type of trees and their diameter. Measure tree

diameter at breast height (4 ½ feet above the ground on the uphill side). All ties are to be

made to the center of the tree. Locate all landscaping such as shrubs, flower beds and

hedgerows.

All above ground utility features should be located and identified.

When measuring to any improvement which is circular, e.g., poles, manholes, tanks, fire

hydrants, ties should be made to the center.

3.2. DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL – 3D (27.6)

DTM’s are used when both horizontal and vertical data are required to fix known drainage

or slope issues, to redesign or adjust slope/drainage conditions, and for new design.

DTM’s are derived from points and breaklines, and are developed from data collected by

ground or aerial survey. All pertinent features and improvements should be located with

a density sufficient enough to produce an accurate DTM.

Check cross-sections or profiles should be performed to verify the accuracy of the DTM.

See Section 3.3 for more information on cross-sections

3.3. ROADWAY CROSS-SECTIONS (27.8)

Cross-sections are an organized field data collection technique used for obtaining 3D

data along linear features such as roadways, ditches, and embankments.

Cross-sections provide information for:

surface model creation or verification

cross-slope inspection

sign placement

comparison to proposed typical sections

specific point elevations

side street returns

contour generation

earthwork calculation

bathymetry

drainage structures

3.4. PLANIMETRIC – 2D (27.7)

Planimetric surveys are used when no vertical data is required for design. This is

sufficient when existing slope/drainage data is available and only minor changes are

being performed to a road section, such as resurfacing. In these instances, all above

ground features and improvements are located horizontally.

See Appendix C for horizontal accuracy requirements.

3.5. SIDE STREET SURVEYS (27.9)

Side street surveys are necessary when design will continue beyond the project specific

corridor width. In these instances data is collected per the requirements in either Section

3.2 or Section 3.4, depending on the application.

3.6. UNDERGROUND/SUBSURFACE UTILITIES (27.10)

Subsurface utility locations are needed on most projects, in support of design criteria

decisions that reduce construction delays and financial risks as well as enhance jobsite

safety. For subsurface utilities, the research information, locating tools, and methods used

dictate the accuracy of the utility data. Subsurface utilities within the project limits should

be identified, and/or located, and properly depicted with their proper “quality levels” so

that the engineer can make informed decisions through all phases of a project by having

confident knowledge of the utility data accuracy. Only subsurface utilities are referenced

to quality levels. The project engineer should depict in the scope what and where

differentiating quality level data is needed for the project. Additional

underground/subsurface utilities may be located in advance of geotechnical operations.

See Section 5.3 for geotechnical support.

3.6.1. SUBSURFACE UTILITY QUALITY LEVELS

QL D Information obtained solely from a review of utility records. The

comprehensiveness and accuracy of such information is highly limited.

Even when existing information for a utility in a particular area is

accurate, there are underground systems that are not shown on any

records. Level D may be appropriately used in the early development of

a project to determine the presence of utilities.

QL C Information obtained to augment level D information. This involves

topographic surveying of visible, above ground utility features, e.g.,

poles, hydrants, valve boxes, circuit breakers, etc., and entering the

topographic data into the CADD system. Level C may be appropriately

used early in the development of a project and will provide better data

than level D information alone. Designers must be very cautious when

working on projects using information for underground utilities that is

based only on level C and D locates.

QL B Information obtained through the use of designating technologies, e.g.,

geophysical prospecting technologies. This is a field activity using

remote sensing geophysical scanning technologies, most of which have

very specific capabilities and offer various strengths and weaknesses.

Applying a variety of techniques is essential to the process of preparing

a comprehensive horizontal map of utilities and other underground

structures on the site as these tools may react differently to the type of

utility conductor, soil conditions, and adjacent utilities or surrounding

environments that impact accuracy and disrupt electromagnetic radio

frequencies. Designating technologies are capable of providing marginal

to good horizontal information but provide limited vertical information and

therefore vertical accuracy is not suitable to address potential conflicts in

vertical design.

QL A Provides the highest level of accuracy of utility locations in three

dimensions. This level may apply to manual, mechanical, or

nondestructive, e.g., vacuum excavation, methods to physically expose

utilities for measurement and data recording. Levels B, C, and D are

incorporated into level A locates. The designer should obtain level A

locates at highway and utility conflict points where verified information is

needed to make confident design decisions.

3.7. DESIGN SURVEYS

3.7.1. OUTFALL SURVEYS (27.11)

Outfall surveys are conducted to measure the size, shape, flow, capacity and locate the

destination of an above ground storm drainage system. This may be required for an

existing ditch.

3.7.2. DRAINAGE SURVEYS (27.12)

Drainage surveys are conducted to determine the description of, location, flow and

capacity of storm water structures, within project specific limits. This will require the 3D

location of the flowline(s) of the structure, as well as the size, material, and condition. It

is most important to show the nominal pipe size, do not give the skew width or the bell

diameter.

To understand the drainage information required on a particular job, discussion with the

DSMO and the District Drainage Engineer may be required.

3.7.3. BRIDGE SURVEYS (27.13)

Bridge surveys are conducted to gather data pertaining to bridge structures within project

specific limits. This will require the location of above ground features and improvements

for the project limits. Requirements for bridge surveys are project specific.

It may also be necessary to perform water boundary surveys in conjunction with bridge

surveys in order to satisfy project requirements. See Section 4.2.1 for information on

water boundary surveys.

3.7.4. CHANNEL SURVEYS (27.14)

Channel surveys are conducted to determine the description, location, and capacity of

water features, manmade or natural, to/from or through specific projects limits. This will

require the location of features and improvements both above ground and/or below the

water’s surface for the project limits.

Requirements for channel surveys are project specific.

It may also be necessary to perform water boundary surveys in conjunction with channel

surveys in order to satisfy project requirements. See Section 4.2.1 for information on

water boundary surveys.

3.7.5. POND SITE SURVEYS (27.15)

Pond site surveys are used to determine the capacity & capability of a specific storm

water retention area. This will require the location of features and improvements, both

above ground and/or below the water’s surface for the project limits.

4. BOUNDARY SURVEYS (27.22)

Boundary surveys for the acquisition or disposal of a parcel of land may be required.

Specifications for this work will be defined by the Standards of Practice adopted by the

Florida State Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers.

4.1. SECTIONAL/GRANT SURVEYS (27.19)

Sectional/Grant surveys include field location/placement of monumentation for section

corners, quarter-section corners, and fractional corners where pertinent, and includes

analysis and processing of all field collected data and/or reports.

4.2. SUBDIVISION LOCATION SURVEYS (27.20)

Subdivision location surveys include field location/placement of monumentation along

existing recorded subdivision/condominium boundaries, tracts, units, phases, blocks,

street right of way lines, common areas, etc., and includes analysis and processing of all

field data and/or reports. If an unrecorded subdivision is on file in the public records of

the subject county, any existing monumentation of its parent tract should be located.

4.2.1. WATER BOUNDARY SURVEYS (27.23)

4.2.1.1. MEAN HIGH WATER LINE SURVEYS

The MHWL establishes the boundary between state sovereignty lands and those of

private ownership in areas of tidal influence.

All MHWL surveys must be performed in accordance with Chapter 177 Part II, F.S.;

FDOT; and the FDEP, BSM standards. Contact FDEP, BSM for MHWL elevations and

information.

4.2.1.2. ORDINARY HIGH WATER LINE SURVEYS

The OHWL is the point up to which the presence and action of the water is so continuous

as to destroy the value of the land for agricultural purposes by preventing the growth of

vegetation constituting what may be termed an ordinary agricultural crop. This

establishes the boundary between state sovereignty lands and private ownership in areas

of navigable waters.

Contact FDEP, BSM for OHWL elevations and information.

4.2.1.3. SAFE UPLAND ELEVATION LINE SURVEYS

In the course of obtaining an easement over sovereign submerged lands a SUEL survey

may be performed rather than a MHWL or OHWL survey, at the direction of FDEP BSM.

A SUEL is a line that is landward of the sovereign boundary and is used in the easement

legal description to ensure all the interest of the sovereign is obtained.

SUEL are not to be considered a sovereignty submerged land boundary and will not be

recognized by FDEP for use in controlling future development or for any other use or

purpose unless specifically stated by FDEP. Contact FDEP, BSM for SUEL elevations

and information.

5. SPECIFIC PURPOSE SURVEYS

5.1. MITIGATION SURVEYS (27.16)

Mitigation surveys are conducted to locate areas where any given type of environmental

impact must be averted or minimized for its protection or the protection of the public.

Design professionals frequently rely on these for planning and site design.

5.2. JURISDICTION LINE SURVEYS (27.17)

Jurisdiction line surveys are conducted to locate limits of wetlands, usually to satisfy the

requirements of governmental authorities. Perform 2D field location of jurisdictional limits

as defined by respective authorities. This includes field edits, analysis and processing of

all field collected data and/or reports.

5.3. GEOTECHNICAL SUPPORT (27.18)

Perform 3D field location, or stakeout, of boring sites established by a geotechnical

engineer. This includes field edits, analysis, and processing of all field collected data

and/or reports.

6. RIGHT OF WAY

6.1. MAINTAINED RIGHT OF WAY (27.21)

Perform 2D field location of maintained right of way limits as defined by the maintaining

authority. This includes field edits, analysis and processing of all field collected data

and/or reports.

See Section 26.3 for information on maintained right of way surveys.

6.2. RIGHT OF WAY STAKING, PARCEL/RIGHT OF WAY LINE (27.24)

Perform field staking and calculations of existing and/or proposed right of way lines for

on-site review purposes.

6.3. RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENTATION (27.25)

Set right of way monumentation as depicted on final right of way maps for corridor, water

retention areas, and perpetual easements.

7. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS (27.28)

On occasion, it may be necessary to perform surveys other than those previously covered

herein. Specifications for this work will be defined by the Standards of Practice adopted

by the Florida State Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers.

8. SUPPLEMENTAL SURVEYS (27.29)

Incidental surveys that cannot be readily anticipated when scoping the project.

9. SURVEY REPORT

The purpose of a survey report is to adequately communicate the survey methods and

results as judged by the surveyor and mapper. To accomplish this, information may be

needed such as: data sources, measurement methods, history and lineage of data,

limitations pertaining to the information presented, and a list of all included deliverables.

Reports should give a clear description of the methodology used as it relates to both field

and office procedures. There should be no doubt in the reader’s mind as to the intent of

the survey and how it was accomplished.

All survey reports should contain standard content that satisfies the requirements of the

Standards of Practice adopted by the Florida State Board of Professional Surveyors

and Mappers and those of the Department. Nothing precludes the Department from

requiring more stringent standards than those set forth in the Standards of Practice.

See Appendix E for the survey report format.

Report items are information, as required by other parts of this rule, such as:

abbreviations, legends, accuracy statements, feature lists, datums used, and things done

or not done as part of the surveying and mapping process. Text report items shall be

displayed either through notes on the map, report, or in a text report delivered with the

When the report is produced as a text document and a map is attached, the report shall

be signed and sealed. When the map is delivered in digital form only, then a report is

required. For digital map deliveries all notes formerly shown on paper maps should be

included in the report. Each surveying entity submitting electronic data to the Department

must prepare a survey report.

When a survey project involves multiple surveyors or firms, a lead surveyor will be

identified. A comprehensive survey report will be prepared by the lead surveyor and

should detail the total survey, describing the roles and responsibilities of each surveying

entity and will reference and include as attachments, all survey reports prepared by the

other surveyors involved in the project.

10. OFFICE PROCEDURES

10.1. DOCUMENT RESEARCH (27.30)

Perform research of documentation to support field and office efforts involving surveying

and mapping.

10.2. TECHNICAL MEETINGS (27.32)

Attend meetings as required and negotiated by the DSMO.

10.3. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (27.33)

A QA/QC plan is required from the consultant for each project prior to the commencement

of work. This details the proposed methods of providing quality control for all work

products. This plan will be kept current with the work requirements.

The main objective of QA/QC is to provide a mechanism by which all products for the

DSMO can be subject to a systematic and consistent review. The QA/QC review

minimizes errors and creates a quality survey.

A secondary objective is to provide for a well-documented trail of the survey process. A

properly documented project file should be a by-product of the QA/QC plan. The

Department should be able to substantiate its position from properly documented project

files if any legal, social or procedural issues arise regarding the project.

10.3.1. QUALITY CONTROL REVIEWS

Every product will undergo a QA/QC review by the consultant as part of the QA/QC plan.

The reviewer should be experienced in QA/QC review. Procedures for these quality

control reviews are discussed in the sections below.

10.3.1.1. CHECKING SURVEY REPORTS

Once the report writing has progressed to an appropriate stage of development, a draft

is sent to the reviewer. Review comments and corrections are marked on the review draft

in red. Upon completion of the review, the reviewer signs and dates the cover page of

the draft and returns the draft to its originator. The originator then confirms or revises the

corrections and comments, adds their own corrections and comments, and makes the

corrections to the text. The marked-up draft is placed in the project file after the document

is finalized. This marked-up draft is submitted to the Department as part of the final

project deliverables.

10.3.1.2. CHECKING DRAWINGS

Drawings are developed progressively by an interactive process using sources of

information such as survey data, reports, record data, preliminary sketches, samples,

official maps, etc., in conformance with the requirements, survey criteria, and standards

and guidelines required by the Department. Before a drawing is considered final, it will

be independently checked for:

Conformance with the mapping criteria and project requirements, including CADD

standards

Completeness and clarity

Coordination with other aspects of the project

Compatibility standards and good mapping practice

10.3.1.3. CHECKING SURVEY DATABASES

The project surveyor and survey technician will develop a checklist pertaining to the

survey database. The checklist will be updated using comments from Department

reviewers throughout the life of the project.

10.3.1.4. CHECKING CORRESPONDENCE

All correspondence will include the financial project number as well as a local name when

referring to a project. Any correspondence that is prepared for external customers should

be reviewed by another employee for spelling and grammar mistakes.

10.3.2. PROPOSED METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION

10.3.2.1. DOCUMENTATION OF COMMENTS AND RESPONSES

All comments made by external reviewers will be recorded either by copy of memos, e-

mail, letters or marked drawings. In the event that comments are received through

meetings, there will be minutes prepared that summarize the comments received. All

comments will be responded to in writing in a format that identifies the document review

date, reviewer’s comments and responses to the comments. All comment/response drafts

will be added to the project file.

10.3.2.2. QA/QC RECORDS

The project surveyor will be responsible for maintaining the QA/QC records. At any point

in the surveying process, the project surveyor will make records available to the DSMO

for a QA/QC review. All submittals may be subject to QA/QC audits by the Department.

When any review by the Department is performed, consultants must not rely on the

Department as a part of their QA/QC plan either formally or informally. Survey consultants

are expected to follow their own QA/QC plan.

Strong emphasis will be placed on coordination with all of the sub-consultants throughout

the project. Particular attention will be placed on critical path activities and on the sub-

consultant’s needs for information required for participating in these and other activities

in a timely manner. Regular meetings will take place in order to facilitate this coordination.

All sub-consultants will be required to conform to the QA/QC plan and provide their

supplement to the plan if they are performing a specialized service that is not adequately

addressed in the plan. Problem areas will be discussed with the sub-consultant and

agreed upon remedial actions will be taken by the sub-consultant.

10.4. SUPERVISION (27.34)

Perform all activities required to supervise and coordinate project. These activities must

be performed by the project supervisor, PSM, or their delegate as approved by the DSMO.

10.5. COORDINATION (27.35)

Coordinate survey activities with other disciplines. These activities must be performed by

the project supervisor, PSM, or their delegate as approved by the DSMO.

11. FIELD PROCEDURES

11.1. FIELD REVIEW (27.31)

Perform verification of the field conditions as related to the collected survey data.

11.2. LINE CUTTING (27.26)

Perform all efforts required to clear vegetation from the line of sight.

See the Survey Safety Handbook for line cutting safety procedures.

11.3. WORK ZONE SAFETY (27.27)

Work zone safety is the first consideration. Project location and scope dictate the

measures needed to maintain a safe workplace. Work should not begin at the site until

proper traffic control devices, e.g., signs and cones, have been placed and other safety

precautions taken. Please refer to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

(MUTCD), Part VI for information on traffic control devices.

Appropriate MOT certification should be maintained. See Maintenance of Traffic

Training, Topic No. 625-010-010.

Every employee should watch for hazards along the highway, and if one is noted, should

act to eliminate it promptly. If it cannot be eliminated, appropriate traffic control devices

should be placed to protect the public.

The Survey Safety Handbook outlines the Department’s survey safety program, and is

available through the FDOT SMO website. Specific attention should be paid to the

placement of control to ensure that consultants, DOT employees, and the public are

protected to the greatest extent possible. The historic placement of control on or near the

pavement in high traffic areas is discouraged.

AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

12. OVERVIEW

Photogrammetry is one of many valuable remote sensing methods available to today’s

surveying and mapping professionals, and has a long history of use on transportation

projects. This section sets forth basic guidelines for performing manned aerial

photogrammetric surveys for the Department.

The requirements herein are at the discretion of the Department and may be waived under

certain circumstances such as but not limited to: post disaster mapping, research and

development, and equipment testing / calibration. Any deviation from these requirements

must be addressed in the scope of services.

This document is organized into sections related to the typical tasks and deliverables

associated with a transportation project employing Aerial Photogrammetric technologies.

“Photogrammetry is the art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information

about physical objects and the environment through processes of recording, measuring,

and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and

other phenomenon.” (Slama, 1980)

With the advent of digital cameras and digital photography/softcopy image processing we

are moving away from film based products and the traditional photo scale requirements.

Since we can easily view and work with digital imagery in differing scales, the film and

paper based criteria have little meaning. The productivity and accuracy improvements of

current digital sensor systems over film based systems especially in the support of 3D

design methods are also moving the survey industry away from traditional imagery

collection.

Much of the following accuracy standards are based on the ASPRS Positional Accuracy

Standards for Digital Geospatial Data, “This standard defines accuracy classes based on

RMSE thresholds for digital orthoimagery, digital planimetric data, and digital elevation

data.” (American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014). See tables

below.

12.1. ASPRS HORIZONTAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR GEOSPATIAL

Horizontal

Accuracy

Absolute Accuracy Orthoimagery

Mosaic Seamline

Mismatch (cm) RMSEx and

RMSEy (cm) RMSEr (cm)

Horizontal Accuracy at 95%

Confidence Level (cm)

X-cm ≤ X ≤ 1.414*X ≤ 2.448*X ≤ 2*X

12.2. ASPRS VERTICAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL

ELEVATION DATA

Vertical

Accuracy

Absolute Accuracy Relative Accuracy (where applicable)

RMSEz Non-

Vegetated (cm)

NVA1 at 95%

Confidence

Level (cm)

VVA2 at 95th

Percentile

Within-Swath

Hard Surface

Repeatability

(Max Diff) (cm)

Swath-to-Swath

Non-Vegetated

Terrain

(RMSDz) (cm)

Swath-to-

Swath Non-

Vegetated

Terrain

(Max Diff) (cm)

X-cm ≤ X ≤ 1.96*X ≤ 3.00*X ≤ 0.60*X ≤ 0.80*X ≤ 1.60*X

The focus in the following pages will be on three key elements; image resolution or GSD,

measurement RMSE, and finally the resulting estimate of positional error of the final

photogrammetry product based on the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy

(Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1998).

12.3. FDOT PROJECT HORIZONTAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

(Orthophotography and Planimetric)

12.4. FDOT PROJECT VERTICAL ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Horizontal

Accuracy

Project Horizontal Accuracy

Orthoimagery

Mosaic Seamline

Mismatch (ft) RMSEx and

Horizontal Accuracy at 95%

Confidence Level (ft)

X-feet ≤ X ≤ 1.414*X ≤ 2.448*X ≤ 2*X

Vertical

Accuracy

Project Vertical Accuracy

Non-Vegetated

Vertical Accuracy at 95% Confidence Level (ft)

Z-feet ≤ Z ≤ 1.96*Z

13. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Unless otherwise stated, this section identifies the general requirements common to all

aerial photogrammetric products and services performed for the Department.

All photogrammetric products submitted shall be supported by a survey report containing

at a minimum all information necessary to support the precision and accuracy of

measurements and products, and meets the Standards of Practice adopted by the

Florida State Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers. To this end the survey report

shall include but is not limited to the documentation and references to digital reports,

products and media, identified in this document.

13.1. DIGITAL CAMERA SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

A digital metric camera system with forward motion compensation and a gyro-stabilized camera mount, capable of producing raw source imagery resolutions with horizontal and vertical accuracies necessary to meet project scope.

Geometric distortions induced by the camera’s optical system shall be corrected during post processing using valid calibration data obtained from the camera manufacturer or a facility authorized by the camera manufacturer to provide such data.

13.2. DIGITAL EXPOSURE DOCUMENTATION

Flight lines shall be numbered from south to north and west to east with the highest numbers ending on the north and east.

All digital photographic image files shall be saved to final media using the following file naming convention: AAAABB_CCCC (A=MSTS number, B=Flight Line number, C=Exposure number). Example: 492201_0010.tif Digital data shall be provided to the Department in a format which is immediately readable by the Surveying and Mapping Office and the Department.

Meta Data – All final image files provided to the Department shall have a corresponding named metadata file in Extensible Markup Language (xml) format that meets the CSDGM.

Example: 492201_0010.xml

13.3. AIRBORNE GNSS PROCESSING (28.5)

Airborne GNSS a.k.a. INS based camera orientation is vital to today’s softcopy

photogrammetry where typically less ground control is used. Solving for the trajectory of

the sensor using post processing technique provides position and orientation of the

camera at the time of each exposure.

The required INS accuracies vary depending on the photogrammetric product and are

detailed in the appropriate sections. The INS shall be performed such that the resulting

accuracy of the mapping meets ASPRS standards from Section 7.7 of the “Accuracy

Requirements for Aerial Triangulation and INS-based Sensor Orientation of Digital

Imagery” (American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014).

13.4. POST MISSION REPORTING

Post mission reporting shall, at a minimum, consist of:

A graphical representation of the vehicle trajectory. Sufficient documentation to verify positional accuracy of camera at exposure events.

A text file with final post processed exposure events with camera position and

orientation (Omega Phi, Kappa and associated accuracies) sufficient for inclusion

into an AT adjustment.

13.5. AERIAL TRIANGULATION/AEROTRIANGULATION (28.9)

The required AT accuracies vary depending on the photogrammetric product and are

detailed in the appropriate sections. The AT shall be performed such that the resulting

accuracy of the mapping meets ASPRS standards from Section 7.7 of the “Accuracy

Requirements for Aerial Triangulation and INS-based Sensor Orientation of Digital

Imagery” (American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014).

“Accuracy of aerial triangulation designed for digital planimetric data

(orthoimagery and/or digital planimetric map) only:

RMSEx (AT) or RMSEy (AT) = ½ * RMSEx (Map) or RMSEy (Map)

RMSEz (AT) = RMSEx (Map) or RMSEy (Map) of orthoimagery

Note: The exact contribution of aerial triangulation errors in z to the

overall horizontal error budget for the products depends on ground point

location in the image and other factors. The relationship stated here for

an RMSEz (AT) of twice the allowable RMSE in x or y is a conservative

estimate that accommodates the typical range of common camera

geometries and provides allowance for many other factors that impact

the horizontal error budget.

Accuracy of aerial triangulation designed for elevation data, or

planimetric data (orthoimagery and/or digital planimetric map) and

elevation data production:

RMSEx (AT), RMSEy (AT) or RMSEz (AT) = ½ * RMSEx (Map), RMSEy

(Map) or RMSEz (DEM).”

Aerotriangulation adjustment reporting shall consist of a text file containing sufficient

information to independently process raw imagery to verify accuracies achieved.

13.6. BEFORE WORK BEGINS

When a contract is awarded and before any work begins, the consultant will contact the

DSMO to request the MSTS number. The MSTS number shall be included in all image

file names to facilitate inclusion in the CSMO image library without modifications. The

MSTS number should be referenced in all correspondence and project deliverables.

13.6.1. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL PLAN (28.23)

All survey projects must have a detailed QA/QC plan developed by the consultant and

provided to the DSMO for approval before work begins. See Section 10.3 for additional

details and requirements.

13.7. PLANNING (28.1)

Planning is critical to the success of any survey project. The planning activities should

begin with reviewing the project scope and location to develop the detailed aerial survey

approach. The approach activities will vary based on project requirements; however there

are important elements common to all aerial survey approaches that are worth noting

13.7.1. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY MISSION PLAN (28.1)

A graphic aerial mission plan (see below) based on the location and scope of the project

should be developed. The mission plan should show proper stereo image model coverage

of the project area, as well as other pertinent information supporting the flight mission with

the understanding that properly executed, the flight will provide results necessary to

achieve the desired survey products.

13.7.1.1. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY MISSION PLAN EXAMPLE

13.8. GROUND CONTROL RECONNAISSANCE (28.2)

Suitable locations for the ground control and validation point locations should be chosen

by the photogrammetrist and identified on a control reconnaissance map for later use by

survey crews in the field. The allowable tolerance for moving the control point locations

without loss of model adjustment accuracy should be provided.

Targeting of control points should be performed for most large scale mapping projects

especially those requiring accurate surface compilation. Photo identifiable (Photo ID)

points may be used on small scale mapping projects, or when targeting is not possible.

14. GROUND CONTROL SURVEY (28.2)

Project ground control should be used to establish horizontal and vertical positions on

targeted and/or well-defined photo identifiable points. These values will be used as control

or check points for aerial photogrammetric mapping.

The activity of establishing ground control falls under Work Type 8.2 and Tab 27, while

the coordination of the size, type, and placement of the ground control by the

photogrammetrist is covered in Work Type 8.3 Tab 28. The following requirements apply

specifically to ground control for aerial mapping purposes. The appropriate surveying &

mapping methods referenced in Appendix C shall be performed such that the resulting

accuracy of the ground control meets Section 7.8 of the “Accuracy Requirements for

Ground Control Used for Aerotriangulation” (American Society for Photogrammetry

and Remote Sensing, 2014).

“Ground control points used for aerial triangulation should have higher accuracy than the expected accuracy of derived products according to the following two categories:

Accuracy of ground control designed for planimetric data (orthoimagery and/or digital planimetric map) production only: RMSEx or RMSEy = 1/4 * RMSEx (Map) or RMSEy (Map), RMSEz = 1/2 * RMSEx (Map) or RMSEy (Map)

Accuracy of ground control designed for elevation data, or planimetric data and elevation data production: RMSEx, RMSEy or RMSEz= 1/4 * RMSEx (Map), RMSEy (Map) or RMSEz (DEM)”

New photo control point positions shall be identified in the field by a survey mark. When

aerial panels are used, the vertical offset from top of mark to the panel surface shall be

measured and recorded. In rare circumstances where the photo identifiable control point

cannot be occupied directly, a horizontal offset from the occupied survey mark may be

computed for orthophotography or planimetric mapping only. Field survey measurements

of sufficient precision must be collected and recorded to allow accurate coordinate

computation of the photo identifiable point from the offset mark. The higher accuracy

orthophotography required for many transportation projects may preclude the use of

offset control points and post identified control.

14.1. GROUND CONTROL TABLE EXAMPLE

(Portion of County Orthophoto Control)

Note: In this example the horizontal accuracy required for the orthophotography was 5.06 feet.

The higher accuracy orthophotography required for many transportation projects may preclude

the use of offset control points and post identified control.

All established control shall be referenced to the FDOT FPRN and/or the project control

network through redundant survey measurements.

Proposed control point locations may be moved up to the allowable tolerance provided

by the photogrammetrist to insure safety. If the proposed point is ambiguous or no longer

exists, it shall be documented as moved.

A field sketch with information necessary to properly identify and recover the aerial

mapping control point, along with the date and weather conditions at the time of survey

measurement collection must be provided. Digital photo(s) shall also be taken when

establishing post aerial mapping photo identifiable control points. Photos should show the

exact location of the control point, preferably while the point is being measured to avoid

misidentification. Digital photo filenames shall include the control point name.

14.2. CONTROL SURVEY DELIVERABLES

The Professional Surveyor and Mapper in responsible charge of the control survey will

prepare a certified survey report identifying the level of accuracy (see Appendix C) met

by the control survey. In addition to these requirements the survey report shall also

include the following:

Project title, Financial Management Number, and MSTS number

Name and address of corporation including certificate of authorization number

Statement cross referencing digital media as part of the report by referencing

media drive label items. See Section 15.3.

An index of files on digital media listed by filename, file location (path), and brief

description.

Accuracy reporting will be according to Appendix C of this handbook.

Describe and list the geodetic control (existing and newly-established), displaying

the horizontal and vertical coordinates and Datum referenced.

Describe monumentation recovered and set

Map displaying the following:

Existing horizontal and vertical geodetic control

New control established for photogrammetric mapping

14.3. DIGITAL MEDIA (CONTROL SURVEY)

The ground control data shall be submitted to the Department on digital media format

agreed upon in project scope. All digital products submitted, along with any digital and

hardcopy media shall become the property of the FDOT. The digital media shall be

labeled in such a way as not to impede its use, and shall display the following information:

Statement cross referencing digital media as part of the survey report by including

survey report title, Financial Management Number, MSTS number, and date of

survey information from the survey report.

Digital media make, model, and serial number

Consultant name and contact information.

The digital media shall contain at a minimum:

Digitally signed copy of the control survey report

Existing geodetic control recovery/to-reach descriptions, sketches, field notes,

photographs, etc.

Sketches of photo control point sites identifying measured point location and type

of mark including target size and material if applicable.

Digital pictures if post mapping photo identifiable control established.

A Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet file list of final control with datum header

information along with point name, geographic (Latitude, Longitude), grid (State

Plane Zone Northing and Easting), and elevation values for control points. Grid

coordinates and elevations shall be in units of US survey feet. Any horizontal and

vertical mark offsets measured shall be identified and applied to the aerial panel

or photo identifiable feature surface. Offset measurements shall be included to

verify computations. See Section 15.1.

15. ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY (28.11)

Modern digital orthophotography is often described in terms of resolution using the GSD

of the final orthophoto product. GSD is the ground distance represented by a single pixel

on the final orthophoto product and the original source imagery that was used to create

it. The raw camera GSD or “source imagery” GSD is governed by the camera focal length,

the flying height, and the size of a pixel in the camera CCD (Charged Coupled Device).

The acceptable range of the final orthophoto product GSD a.k.a. product Ground Pixel

Resolution (GPR) that should be derived from a specific source imagery GSD a.k.a.

Original Image Resolution, can be seen in the USGS table on the right (Rufe, 2014). It is

generally accepted that the source imagery may be re-sampled to produce an

orthophotography product with a larger GSD thus resulting in a product with less

f = Focal Length

H = Height above ground,

Ps = Camera Pixel Size

GSD = Ground Sample Distance (source imagery)

resolution than the source imagery.

However the reverse is not prudent

i.e. an orthophotography product

should not be re-sampled to have a

smaller GSD (higher resolution) than

the original source imagery. There

can be some exceptions to this due

to site conditions. Occasionally the

altitude necessary for a camera to

achieve the desired source GSD is

compromised either by terrain or

airspace restrictions. The USGS

table allows for this by up to 10

percent. This 10 percent over

sampling may be allowed on certain

FDOT orthophotography products

with written approval from the FDOT

project manager as long as it does not violate the accuracy requirements. Now that we

have discussed the imagery resolution, let us go back and look at our accuracy definitions

again. Unlike measurement RMSE and positional accuracy which can be directly related,

orthophoto resolution is often desired for sharpness of imagery rather than for a specific

accuracy. For this reason orthophotography resolution and accuracy often need to be

defined separately. For example the positional accuracy for the orthophotography might

be 3 feet while the GSD resolution desired is 1.0 feet. This is not to say the image

resolution does not affect accuracy. It is accepted that the image resolution GSD may be

smaller than or equal to the desired RMSE, however it cannot be larger. Thus, when the

accuracy requirements are dictating the resolution to be acquired, oversampling is not

permitted.

“Given current sensor and processing technologies for large and medium format

metric cameras, an orthoimagery accuracy of 1-pixel RMSEx and RMSEy is

considered achievable, assuming proper project design and best practices

implementation.” (American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,

Section 16.1 shows the horizontal accuracies of orthophotography in terms of final image

pixels. The highest accuracy orthophotography has a one to one or smaller ratio of

orthophoto GSD to RMSE.

15.1. HORIZONTAL ACCURACY CLASSES FOR VARYING DIGITAL

ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY RESOLUTIONS

Orthoimage

RMSEx and

RMSEy in

terms of

Pixels

Maximum

Orthoimage

Mosaic

Seamline

Mismatch

(2 x Pixel*)

Allowable

Aerotriangulation (AT)

or INS-based (Pixels)

Allowable Ground

Control RMSE (pixels)

Horizontal

Accuracy at

the 95%

Confidence

Level (Pixels)

(2.4477 x

Pixel*)

RMSEx and

(0.5 x

Pixel*)

Horizontal

x and y

(0.25 x

Pixel*)

Vertical

(0.5 x

Pixel*)

1 2 0.5 1 0.25 0.5 2.448

2 4 1.0 2 0.50 1.0 4.895

3 6 1.5 3 0.75 1.5 7.343

4 8 2.0 4 1.00 2.0 9.791

Pixel* = Orthoimage RMSEx and RMSEy in terms of pixels

Orthophotography produced for the Department shall meet the appropriate “Orthophoto

Horizontal Accuracy Class” necessary to fulfill project requirements. See Section 25 for

typical horizontal accuracy and quality standards associated with Digital

Orthophotography produced for a sample of GSD pixel sizes.

In addition to meeting the accuracy requirements for INS processing in Section 14.3 and

the adjustment accuracy requirements in Section 14.5, the final quality control verification

shall be a comparison of the horizontal positions of a sample subset (minimum twenty-

five) clearly photo-identifiable features with ground positions for these features

independently collected to a higher horizontal accuracy. The resulting check point

comparisons shall meet the check point distribution and positional accuracy requirements

for the map at the 95% confidence level based on the NSSDA (Federal Geographic Data

Committee, 1998) and shall be included in the survey report.

A metadata file must be delivered for each image file and each surface file used in

orthophotography production.

16. PLANIMETRIC (28.16)

The project horizontal accuracy of photography must meet or surpass the required project

horizontal accuracy class of the planimetric data compiled from the imagery. The imagery

GSD resolution shall be equal to or smaller than the required project horizontal accuracy,

AND must be of sufficient resolution to clearly define the features to be mapped.

shall be a comparison of the horizontal positions of a sample subset (minimum twenty-

five) of features with ground positions for these features independently collected to a

higher horizontal accuracy. The resulting check point comparisons shall meet the check

point distribution and horizontal positional accuracy requirements for the map at the 95%

confidence level (Accuracy r = 1.7308 * RMSEr) based on the NSSDA (Federal

Geographic Data Committee, 1998), and shall be included in the survey report.

17. VERTICAL (28.10)

The vertical accuracies of data compiled from aerial imagery shall meet the Department

project scope requirements. When the vertical accuracy is of primary importance, the

horizontal accuracy will equate to that which results from using the same AT/INS solution.

“For elevation data derived using stereo photogrammetry, the horizontal accuracy

equates to the horizontal accuracy class that would apply to planimetric data or digital

orthoimagery produced from the same source imagery, using the same aerial

triangulation/INS solution.” (American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,

shall be a comparison of the vertical positions of a sample subset (minimum twenty-five)

of features with ground positions for these features independently collected to a higher

vertical accuracy. The resulting check point comparisons shall meet the check point

distribution and vertical positional accuracy requirements for the map at the 95%

confidence level (Accuracy z = 1.9600 * RMSEz) based on the NSSDA (Federal

Geographic Data Committee, 1998), and shall be included in the survey report.

When verifying corridor surfaces cross-section measurements may be used with or

instead of check points, as long as cross sections cover the surface and are spaced

appropriately.

18. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING (28.15)

When performing topographic mapping from aerial photography where both horizontal

and vertical accuracy is important, the more stringent aerial accuracy requirements shall

be followed. Requirements of topographic map products are addressed in Section 3 and

in the CADD Manual, Topic No. 625-050-001.

19. DRAINAGE BASIN (28.17)

Usually this is specific topographic mapping of additional storm water retention areas

outside of the main mapping corridor. Often the surface model accuracies are less

stringent than those required within the corridor. As with other topographic surveys the

mapping methods used must meet the accuracy requirements for the model.

20. CADD EDIT (28.18)

Cartographicedits are performed after the field reviews. The aerial mapper receives

information from the field review and updates the map database. The optimal method is

for surveyor to update the map directly during the field review, or place a waypoint where

features exist that need to be searched for in the imagery or possibly statically surveyed.

21. DATA MERGING (28.19)

When merging files from photogrammetry, field survey, and data from other sources to

develop a complete survey project database, it is critical for the all the project surveyors

to coordinate data exchange to create deliverables. This effort can be reduced

significantly if all consultants use the standard Department feature codes listed in the

CADD Manual, Topic No. 625-050-001 before merging data.

22. FIELD REVIEW (28.21)

This review of field conditions by the surveyor allows for identifying object attributes such

a traffic sign type and wording, which cannot be discerned from the aerial imagery, or in

some cases identify a feature that should have been collected but was missed by the

aerial mapping operator. Traditionally this was performed by marking up map sheets to

be transcribed in the office by the mapper. Today this process can be performed much

more efficiently using an electronic field device which allows the field reviewer to make

edits directly to the map using Department feature codes. This eliminates the need to

transcribe information reducing time and errors.

23. AERIAL SURVEY DELIVERABLES

The PSM in responsible charge will prepare a certified survey report that shall at a

minimum include the following items:

Project title, Financial Management Number, and MSTS number

Name and address of corporation including certificate of authorization number

Name and address of the surveyor in responsible charge

Abbreviations; data sources; etc.

Description and scope of work

Describe equipment, software; specifications, calibration, etc.

Statement cross referencing digital media as part of the report by referencing

media drive label items. See Section 24.1 for information on digital media.

A reference citing ground control survey accuracies. If ground control survey

performed by others a reference to the control survey report as well as a certified

copy of the report is needed.

An index of files on digital media listed by filename, file location (path), and brief

description. The imagery and metadata files need only be referenced by directory,

and not individually.

Describe the planning, collection, processing, adjustment, and quality control

methodology used to produce aerial surveying and mapping product(s)

Appropriate horizontal and/or vertical NSSDA accuracy reporting.

List the field and office personnel who worked on project, and their responsibilities.

Field date of aerial survey (First and last imagery acquisition flight date(s)).

Map displaying the project location

23.1. DIGITAL MEDIA

The project data shall be submitted to the Department on digital media format agreed

upon in project scope. All digital products submitted, along with any digital and hardcopy

media shall become the property of the FDOT.

The digital media shall be labeled in such a way as not to impede its use, and shall display

the following information:

Statement cross referencing digital media as part of the survey report by including

survey report title, Financial Management Number, MSTS number, and date of

survey information from the survey report.

Digital media make, model, and serial number

Consultant name and contact information.

The digital media shall contain at a minimum:

Final photogrammetric product(s); survey scope items, i.e., orthophotography,

planimetric map, topographic map, surface, etc.

Digitally signed copy of the control survey report

All raw imagery

Sketches and digital pictures of base station sites identifying measured point

location and identification of mark.

Copies of field notes or GNSS data logs/static occupations.

All airborne system (GNSS/INS) data observed including the raw observation data

and processed sensor trajectory information including reports.

24. REFERENCES

American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. (2014, November). ASPRS

Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data. Photogrammetric

Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. A1–A26. Retrieved from

http://www.asprs.org: http://www.asprs.org/PAD-Division/ASPRS-POSITIONAL-

ACCURACY-STANDARDS-FOR-DIGITAL-GEOSPATIAL-DATA.html

Federal Geographic Data Committee. (1998). Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data

Accuracy. Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards. Retrieved from

http://fgdc.er.usgs.gov/fgdc.html.

Rufe, P. P. (2014). Digital orthoimagery base specification V1.0. In U. S. Survey,

Chapter 5 of Section B, U.S. Geological Survey Standards Book 11, Collection

and Delineation of Spatial Data (p. 13). Reston, Virginia: USGS;

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm11B5.

Slama, C. (Ed.). (1980). Manual of Photogrammetry (Fourth ed.). Falls Church, Virginia,

USA: American Society of Photogrammetry.

25. EXAMPLE ACCURACIES FOR ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY

Final Ortho Image Pixel Size (ft)

Horizontal Accuracy

Class RMSEx

and RMSEy (ft)

Ortho Image

RMSEx and

RMSEy in

terms of

pixels

Horizontal Accuracy RMSEr (ft)

Maximum Ortho Image Mosaic

Seamline Mismatch (Pixels)

Maximum Ortho Image Mosaic

Seamline Mismatch

Allowable AT or INS-based

Allowable Ground Control RMSE (ft) NSSDA

Horizontal Accuracy at

the 95% Confidence

Level (ft)

and RMSEy

Horizontal x and y

Vertical z

0.05 ≤1-pixel 0.071 2 0.10 0.025 0.05 0.013 0.025 0.12

0.10 2-pixels 0.141 4 0.20 0.050 0.10 0.025 0.050 0.24

0.15 3-pixels 0.212 6 0.30 0.075 0.15 0.038 0.075 0.37

0.20 4-pixels 0.283 8 0.40 0.100 0.20 0.050 0.100 0.49

0.10 ≤1-pixel 0.141 2 0.20 0.050 0.10 0.025 0.050 0.24

0.20 2-pixels 0.283 4 0.40 0.100 0.20 0.050 0.100 0.49

0.30 3-pixels 0.424 6 0.60 0.150 0.30 0.075 0.150 0.73

0.40 4-pixels 0.566 8 0.80 0.200 0.40 0.100 0.200 0.98

0.25 ≤1-pixel 0.354 2 0.50 0.125 0.25 0.063 0.125 0.61

0.50 2-pixels 0.707 4 1.00 0.250 0.50 0.125 0.250 1.22

0.75 3-pixels 1.061 6 1.50 0.375 0.75 0.188 0.375 1.84

1.00 4-pixels 1.414 8 2.00 0.500 1.00 0.250 0.500 2.45

0.35 ≤1-pixel 0.495 2 0.70 0.175 0.35 0.088 0.175 0.86

0.70 2-pixels 0.990 4 1.40 0.350 0.70 0.175 0.350 1.71

1.05 3-pixels 1.485 6 2.10 0.525 1.05 0.263 0.525 2.57

1.40 4-pixels 1.980 8 2.80 0.700 1.40 0.350 0.700 3.43

0.5 ≤1-pixel 0.707 2 1.0 0.250 0.50 0.125 0.250 1.22

1.0 2-pixels 1.414 4 2.0 0.500 1.00 0.250 0.500 2.45

1.5 3-pixels 2.121 6 3.0 0.750 1.50 0.375 0.750 3.67

2.0 4-pixels 2.828 8 4.0 1.000 2.00 0.500 1.000 4.90

1.0 ≤1-pixel 1.414 2 2.0 0.5 1.00 0.250 0.500 2.45

2.0 2-pixels 2.828 4 4.0 1.0 2.00 0.500 1.000 4.90

3.0 3-pixels 4.243 6 6.0 1.5 3.00 0.750 1.500 7.34

4.0 4-pixels 5.657 8 8.0 2.0 4.00 1.000 2.000 9.79

2.0 ≤1-pixel 2.828 2 4.0 1.0 2.0 0.50 1.0 4.90

4.0 2-pixels 5.657 4 8.0 2.0 4.0 1.00 2.0 9.79

6.0 3-pixels 8.485 6 12.0 3.0 6.0 1.50 3.0 14.69

3.0 ≤1-pixel 4.243 2 6.0 1.5 3.0 0.75 1.5 7.34

6.0 2-pixels 8.485 4 12.0 3.0 6.0 1.50 3.0 14.69

9.0 3-pixels 12.728 6 18.0 4.5 9.0 2.25 4.5 22.03

5.0 ≤1-pixel 7.071 2 10.0 2.5 5.0 1.25 2.5 12.24

10.0 2-pixels 14.142 4 20.0 5.0 10.0 2.50 5.0 24.48

15.0 3-pixels 21.213 6 30.0 7.5 15.0 3.75 7.5 36.72

RIGHT OF WAY MAPPING

26. MASTER CADD FILE

A master CADD file will be created for all right of way related maps prepared for the

Department. Files will be delivered in a format that adheres to the CADD Manual, Topic

No. 625-050-001.

Master CADD files may contain any number of the following elements as directed by the

26.1. ALIGNMENT (29.1)

The line work along with all required data will be placed in this file. Required data includes

bearings on tangent lines, stationing, all curve elements and points of intersection station

value with deflection angle left or right.

26.2. SECTION AND QUARTER-SECTION LINES (29.2)

labeling of bearings/distances and ties by station/distance to the survey alignment.

Closure reports, if required, will be calculated from this file.

26.3. SUBDIVISIONS (29.3)

name, recording data, boundaries (with arrow indicators), lot/block lines, lot/block

numbers, street names, alleys, and platted easements. Subdivisions will be tied to the

survey alignment with station values. The DSMO will determine the method of ties,

whether by 90 degree offsets or by straight-line extension. Closure reports for each block,

if required, will be calculated from this file.

26.4. EXISTING RIGHT OF WAY (29.4)

The line work for existing right of way by deed, maintenance or dedication for mainline

corridor and/or side streets will be determined, verified and placed in this file. Required

data includes name of the street, width (or varies) and source of creation, i.e., plat, deed,

maintenance map.

26.5. TOPOGRAPHY (29.5)

The topographic elements will be referenced to this file at the desired scale. Elements will

be adjusted and modified as necessary. Required elements include, but are not limited

to, buildings, canopies, signs, fences, groves, parking/pavement, above ground utilities,

and bodies of water. Dimensional data required by the Survey and Mapping

Procedures, Topic No. 550-030-101 will be shown on the Right of Way Map Detail

Sheets.

26.6. PARENT TRACT PROPERTIES AND EXISTING EASEMENTS (29.6)

A title search analysis will be performed to determine the location of parent tract

boundaries and existing easements. The line work will be shown and identified by the

appropriate symbology, e.g., cell/block, and be placed in this file. A parcel identification

number depicted in a parcel bubble will be placed and assigned in accordance with the

Right of Way Manual, Topic No. 575-000-000.

26.7. PROPOSED RIGHT OF WAY REQUIREMENTS (29.7)

The Roadway Designer or EOR will provide right of way requirements to the PSM. The

EOR, in coordination with the DSMO and the Right of Way Acquisition Manager, will

determine the type of interest required, i.e., fee, permanent or temporary easement, or

license agreement. The line work will be placed in this file. All takes and remainders will

be calculated, labeled and dimensioned with station and offsets designated at each

change in direction of the right of way. Closure reports will be prepared for each take and

remainder area.

26.8. LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION (29.8)

The line work will be provided by the Roadway Designer or EOR and placed in this file.

Coordination with the Roadway Designer or EOR will be required to resolve problem

areas. The line work will be labeled “L.O.C.”. Care will be taken to ensure the limits of

construction do not extend beyond the existing or proposed right of way as well as

insuring the proposed right of way is supported by necessity in the construction plans.

Limits of construction will be shown, at minimum, on all Federal Aid Right of Way projects.

26.9. JURISDICTIONAL/AGENCY LINES (29.9)

The line work for jurisdictional wetlands, water boundaries and city/county limit lines will

be placed in this file. The DSMO will determine how and when these lines or areas will

be depicted on the actual right of way maps.

See Sections 4 and 5 for information on water boundary and jurisdictional surveys.

27. SHEET FILES

Sheet files will be created to form the actual control survey, right of way map, or

maintenance map, in the following designations:

27.1. CONTROL SURVEY

A control survey is prepared to provide horizontal position data for the support of right of

way related maps.

27.1.1. GENERAL MAP REQUIREMENTS

The map will depict, at a minimum, the following:

The survey alignment with reference points

Sufficient land line ties

Recorded subdivisions, condominiums and cooperatives along with recording data

A north arrow and scale of map

County and state lines unless excepted by the DSMO

City names with city limits unless excepted by the DSMO

State, county, or municipal roads intersecting the survey alignment

The bearing basis

The source of dimensions: Field (F), Plat (P), Deed (D), Calculated (C)

Sufficient general notes on sheet 1

The Department standard title block

A legend of abbreviations and symbols

Found monumentation

27.1.2. CONTROL SURVEY COVER SHEET (29.10)

The Department's approved sheet cell/block will be used in preparation of this cover

sheet. The legend, general notes, location map and certifications will be placed on this

sheet.

The following certification by the PSM will be placed on the cover sheet:

I hereby certify this control survey was made for the purpose of surveying, referencing,

describing and mapping the survey alignment, and providing horizontal position data for

the support or control of right of way related maps for the transportation facility shown

and depicted hereon. I further certify said survey was done under my responsible charge

and is in compliance with the Standards of Practice as set forth by the Board of

Professional Surveyors and Mappers in Chapter 5J-17, Florida Administrative Code

pursuant to section 472.027, Florida Statutes.

This drawing, consisting of sheets _____ through _____, is a true, accurate and complete

depiction of a field survey performed under my direction and completed on

______________.

____________________

Florida Professional Surveyor and Mapper No. _____

Address

THIS MAP AND REPORT OR COPIES THEREOF ARE NOT VALID WITHOUT THE

SIGNATURE AND ORIGINAL RASIED SEAL OF A FLORIDA LICENSED SURVEYOR

AND MAPPER.

27.1.3. CONTROL SURVEY KEY SHEET (29.11)

This sheet(s) is derived from the master CADD file at an appropriate scale to show

alignment(s), with reference points; section line ties; subdivisions, condominiums and

cooperatives with recording data; and other elements, including monumentation identified

as to size, type, set or found, as may be required. The relationship of the detail sheets

may also be depicted on this sheet if required by the DSMO. The line work, text, etc. will

be added/modified to fit the key sheet scale.

27.1.4. CONTROL SURVEY DETAIL SHEET (29.12)

This sheet(s) is derived from the master CADD file at an appropriate scale to depict the

field right of way survey data. The line work, text, etc. will be added/modified to fit the

detail sheet scale. The DSMO will determine if detail sheets will be prepared for the entire

project or if only recorded subdivisions will be shown on the detail sheets. All subdivision

block lines will be tied by station and offset to the survey alignment. The DSMO will

determine the method of ties, whether by 90 degree offsets or by straight-line extension.

27.2. RIGHT OF WAY MAP

A right of way map is prepared when real property rights are to be acquired for a

transportation facility. It will be designed to provide a high degree of uniformity and

maximum readability.

At the discretion of the DSMO, a boundary survey or sketch of description, as defined in

Rule Chapter 5J-17, F.A.C., may be used for situations such as advance acquisition,

hardship acquisition, donations, etc., in lieu of preparing a right of way map.

The map will depict, at minimum, the following:

If a control survey was not produced, all control survey elements will be a

requirement of the right of way map.

See Section 27.1 for information on control surveys.

Recorded subdivisions, condominiums, and cooperatives, along with the recording

A north arrow and scale of the map

County lines and state lines unless excepted by the DSMO

State, county, or municipal roads intersecting the survey alignment

The existing right of way

Existing easements with recording data.

Right of way requirements with all data necessary to describe the parcel

The bearing basis

The source of dimensions: Field (F), Plat (P), Deed (D), Calculated (C)

The date of photography on projects using aerial photography

Parent tracts with required geometry and boundaries labeled

The parcel identification number shown in a parcel bubble for each acquisition.

The parcel number assigned will be in accordance with the Right of Way Manual,

Topic No. 575-000-000.

Buildings, improvements and key topographic features, e.g., groves, fences, signs,

bodies of water, etc. within the proposed right of way. Buildings,

canopies/overhangs, and signs, etc. severed by the acquisition will be

dimensioned accordingly. Buildings and improvements located within 50 feet for

urban projects, or 100 feet for rural projects, outside of the proposed right of way

line will be shown graphically only, unless otherwise instructed by DSMO.

Buildings within 25 feet of the proposed right of way will show a distance from the

nearest corner of the building to the proposed right of way line. Buildings will be

labeled to show use if apparent, e.g., residential, commercial.

Encroachments within existing right of way

A table of ownerships

The statement: THIS MAP IS NOT A SURVEY on each sheet

The statement: See sheet 1 for legend and general notes on each subsequent

Additional data required by FHWA on projects that have federal funding, e.g., limits

of construction

27.2.2. RIGHT OF WAY MAP COVER SHEET (29.13)

The Department's approved sheet cell/block will be used in preparation of this cover

sheet. The legend, general notes, and location map will be placed on this sheet. On

projects that do not require a cover sheet, the foregoing information may be shown on the

key or detail sheet(s) as directed by the DSMO.

27.2.3. RIGHT OF WAY MAP KEY SHEET (29.14)

alignment(s), section ties, subdivisions, condominiums and cooperatives with recording

data, large parent tracts and other elements as may be required. The relationship of the

detail sheets may also be depicted on this sheet if required by the DSMO. The line work,

text, etc. will be added/modified to fit the key sheet scale.

27.2.4. RIGHT OF WAY MAP DETAIL SHEET (29.15)

This sheet(s) is derived from the master CADD file at an appropriate scale. The line work,

text, etc. will be added/modified to fit the detail sheet scale. These detail sheets may also

be copied from the existing detail sheets of the control survey. Detail sheets will include

parcel numbering by use of bubbles, complete geometry for all takes and geometry for

remainders as directed by the DSMO, topography, limits of construction, if required and

jurisdictional or agency lines, if required.

27.2.5. MAP PROCESSING

Processing will be as follows:

The designated District authority will approve and date each map sheet.

27.2.6. MAP REVISIONS

Prior to making revisions to approved right of way maps, documentation will be provided

to the project file to identify:

the person(s) requesting the change.

the person(s) authorizing the change.

a detailed description of necessary change(s).

an explanation of why the changes are necessary.

27.3. MAINTENANCE MAP

A maintenance map is prepared and filed with the Clerk of the Circuit Court when the

DSMO has determined that there has been no formal conveyance of right of way or

accepted dedication or there is notification/evidence that a formal conveyance was

ineffectual to pass title to the Department.

The map will depict, at minimum, the following:

A north arrow and scale of map

County and state lines unless excepted by the DSMO

A State, county, or municipal roads intersecting the survey alignment

The existing right of way

The maintained right of way lines with station and offset to the survey alignment

Key topographic features

The bearing basis

The source of dimensions

The date of photography on projects using aerial photography

27.3.2. MAINTENANCE MAP COVER SHEET (29.16)

The Department's approved sheet cell will be used in preparation of this cover sheet. The

legend, general notes, location map and certifications will be placed on this sheet. On

projects that do not require a cover sheet, the foregoing information may be shown on the

key or detail sheet(s) as directed by the DSMO.

The following certifications will be placed on the cover sheet:

1. The Department certification

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that sheets numbered _____ to _____, inclusive, constitute a true

copy of the State of Florida Department of Transportation Maintenance Map for a portion

of State Road __________, designated as __________ in __________ County, Florida.

THE PROPERTY labeled _______________ on said sheets has been vested in the State

of Florida Department of Transportation pursuant to the provision of Section 95.361,

Florida Statutes

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto set our hands and affixed the seal of the

State of Florida Department of Transportation, at __________, Florida, this _____ day of

_____, A.D. 20__.

____________________ ____________________

District Secretary (Witness)

Department of Transportation

State of Florida

2. The recording certificate

Filed for record in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court for the County of __________,

State of Florida, in Road Plat Book _____, Page _____, on the _____ day of __________,

A.D. 20__.

3. The PSM’s certification

This survey was performed for the specific purpose of establishing a survey alignment

and locating the limits of maintained right of way as identified by the Maintenance

Engineer for the transportation facility shown and depicted hereon. I hereby certify to the

best of my knowledge and belief this is a true, accurate and complete depiction of a field

survey performed under my direction and completed on __________. I further certify that

said drawing is in compliance with the Standards of Practice as set forth by the Florida

Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers, in Chapter 5J-17, Florida Administrative

Code pursuant to Section 472.027, Florida Statutes.

____________________

Address

AND MAPPER.

4. If the responsible maintenance engineer or authority has not signed an affidavit, he or

she must certify as follows:

This is to certify that the limits of maintained right of way as shown on this map were

identified by myself as having been maintained continuously for four (4) years without

interruption.

____________________

Name and Title

27.3.3. MAINTENANCE MAP KEY SHEET (29.17)

alignment(s), section line ties, subdivisions, condominiums and cooperatives with

recording data, and other elements as may be required. The relationship of the detail

sheets may also be depicted on this sheet if required by the DSMO. The line work, text,

etc. will be added/modified to fit the key sheet scale.

27.3.4. MAINTENANCE MAP DETAIL SHEET (29.18)

This sheet(s) is derived from the master CADD file at an appropriate scale. The line work,

text, etc. will be added/modified to fit the detail sheet scale. These detail sheets may also

be copied from the existing detail sheets from the right of way control survey. All

maintained right of way along the mainline corridor will be supported by certified field

notes. At the direction of the DSMO, reference to the appropriate field books will be made

either in the general notes on the cover sheet or by reference on the detail sheet. Station

and offsets will be shown at each change in direction of the right of way.

27.3.5. MAP PROCESSING

Processing will be as follows:

After the map has been accepted by the DSMO, the original and 1 set of prints will

be submitted to the appropriate authorities for certification and witnessing.

After the map has been certified and witnessed, the DSMO will obtain 1 film copy

and file the original map with the Clerk of the Circuit Court. The Clerk will affix the

recording information on the set of prints for DSMO records and the recording data

will be placed on the film copy retained by the DSMO.

27.4. REFERENCE POINT SHEET SET (29.19)

This information as derived from field book data or electronic files will be plotted into a

CADD file. The line work, text, etc. will be added/modified to fit the sheet scale, if

applicable. There will be a maximum number of 15 reference points per sheet. Reference

point sheets will be prepared at the direction of the DSMO as appropriate to the project.

This sheet(s) will be included with the control survey, right of way map, and maintenance

27.5. PROJECT NETWORK CONTROL SHEET (29.20)

This information as derived from field book data or electronic files will be plotted into a

CADD file. The line work, text, etc. will be added/modified to fit the sheet scale, if

applicable. Project network control sheet(s) will be prepared at the direction of the DSMO

as appropriate to the project.

This sheet depicts the baseline, benchmarks, primary and secondary control points and

their reference points including the type of material used for each point, their X,Y,Z

coordinates, scale factors and convergence angles. This sheet(s) may be included with

the control survey map, right of way map, and maintenance map.

27.6. TABLE OF OWNERSHIPS SHEET (29.21)

The Department's approved sheet cell will be used in preparation of the ownerships sheet.

Required data will include parcel number, sheet numbers on which the parcel appears,

name of property owner(s), the area in square feet or acres of the part to be acquired and

the remainder (when there is no remainder show 0), any necessary comments, and the

recording data of the executed or condemned parcel when completed.

28. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS AND SKETCHES

28.1. PARCEL SKETCHES (29.22)

Parcel sketches may be prepared for various purposes at the direction of the DSMO.

Purpose, format, scale, etc. are designated in the scope as required.

28.2. TIITF SKETCHES (29.23)

Sketches are prepared for the Department to obtain rights over sovereignty submerged

lands or state owned uplands. Specific requirements, e.g., purpose, format, scale, are

designated in the scope or by the requirements of FDEP, BSM.

28.3. OTHER SPECIFIC PURPOSE SURVEYS (29.24)

These may include preparation of maps for mitigation surveys or jurisdiction line surveys.

Specific requirements, e.g., purpose, format, scale, are designated in the scope.

28.4. BOUNDARY SURVEY MAP (29.25)

This survey may be prepared for any specific need at the direction of the DSMO. Specific

requirements, e.g., purpose, format, scale, are designated in the scope.

28.5. RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENTATION MAP (29.26)

This survey is prepared for the depiction of the field-monumented right of way. The right

of way map set is the basis for this map with minimal adjustments to the cover sheet,

including adding the proper certification. The recording data is shown on the table of

ownerships sheet. It is prepared and filed after the right of way has been monumented.

28.5.1. ADDITIONS TO THE RIGHT OF WAY MAP

The following will be added to the original right of way map:

The appropriate symbol where each right of way monument was set

A note on each map sheet describing the symbol indicating the right of way

monument

The recording data for each parcel acquisition or condemnation in the table of

ownerships

28.5.2. CERTIFICATIONS

A reproducible copy of the original right of way map that meets the requirements of the

appropriate Clerk of Circuit Court will be made after the above is completed and the title

blocks will be revised to show RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENTATION MAP. The note THIS

MAP IS NOT A SURVEY will be removed from all sheets of the reproducible copy and

the following will be added.

The certificate of the PSM in responsible charge on sheet 1 as follows:

This certification is made exclusively to the Florida Department of Transportation.

This survey was performed for the specific purpose of monumenting the existing right of

way only for the transportation facility shown hereon. I hereby certify that to the best of

my knowledge and belief, the right of way monumentation as shown by the symbol for

Permanent Right of Way Markers (P.R/W M.) and depicted on this drawing, consisting of

sheets __________, is a true, accurate, and complete depiction of a field survey

performed under my direction and completed on __________. I further certify that said

drawing is in compliance with the Standards of Practice as set forth by the Florida Board

of Professional Surveyors and Mappers, in Chapter 5J-17, Florida Administrative Code

pursuant to Section 472.027, Florida Statutes.

_______________________

Name of Surveyor

Address

AND MAPPER.

The recording certificate on sheet 1 as follows:

Filed for record in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court for the County of __________,

State of Florida, in Road Plat Book __________, Page __________, on the __________

day of __________, A.D. 20__.

29. MAP PREPARATION

29.1. SIZE & FORMAT

All final right of way related map sheets will be a size which is determined by the DSMO

to be acceptable to the Clerk of the Circuit Court for recording.

All sheet formats will have a standard title block with provision for a federal project

number.

All final right of way maps prepared for the Department are to be delivered in hard copy

and/or electronic format that adheres to the CADD Manual, Topic No. 625-050-001.

29.2. MATERIAL

The map material for all final right of way related map sheets delivered in hard copy will

be submitted on a reproducible material that meets the requirements of both the DSMO

and the Clerk of the Circuit Court.

30. TITLE SEARCH AND DOCUMENT PREPARATION (29.28)

The procurement of lands for transportation facilities requires a current report of the

present ownership and all encumbrances on each parcel to be acquired. This includes,

within the report, a list of all conveyances of the subject land made during the most recent

five year period together with the consideration paid based on documentary stamps. Title

search reports are prepared in accordance with the Right of Way Manual, Topic No.

575-000-000 and based upon a thorough search of the public records, which may require

searching back to the earliest public records. The services of a qualified title company or

title examiner are usually obtained for this purpose. In Districts where the Department has

qualified personnel experienced in title examination, the DSMO may elect to obtain its

own updates and to do some or all original title searches.

Information received from title searches is analyzed by surveying and mapping personnel

in order to make property boundary determinations necessary for adequate map and

document preparation. Specifically, the descriptions of the various ownerships are plotted

to scale for inclusion on the maps. In addition, a determination of the various

encumbrances such as mortgages, liens, easements, etc., of record against each parcel

are identified based upon the report of title search. In some instances the assistance of

the District general counsel and/or the Department's general counsel may be required for

specific interpretations.

Documents of conveyance are prepared in accordance with the Right of Way Manual,

Topic No. 575-000-000.

30.1. TITLE SEARCH MAP (29.27)

This map is prepared utilizing property appraiser maps or preliminary right of way maps.

The purpose of this map is to depict the properties affected by the proposed project

requirements. This map is used to obtain title search reports necessary to develop the

right of way maps. The DSMO directs the schedule of preparation.

30.2. RIGHT OF WAY MAPPING RESPONSIBILITIES

Obtaining, analyzing and processing current title search and updates is the responsibility

of the DSMO under direction of the District General Counsel until delivery of the right of

way project to the Office of Right of Way. Title search reports/updates are certified to

within six months of delivery of the project to the Office of Right of Way. After the project

is delivered the responsibility for updating title is determined by the District.

Title search reports reflect all documents that create, or purport to create, an interest, lien

or encumbrance in the parcel. Title searches should cover a sufficient period of time to

include any existing easements or reservations. A description of all conveyances that

occurred in the five years immediately preceding the completion date of the title search

is also included.

On all title search contracts for the Department, the DSMO serves as contract manager

and has the following responsibilities:

Enforcement of performance of all contract terms and conditions

Liaison between the Department and the title examiner

30.3. ORDERING A TITLE SEARCH

The contract manager furnishes the title company or title examiner with a copy of the title

search map. Occasionally, the title examiner may find a reference to plats and

subdivisions that have not been depicted on the preliminary maps or property appraiser

maps. In such cases, he includes a copy of the plats with the title search so that the maps

can be corrected. When the maps are submitted to the title company or title examiner,

the contract manager may include an estimate on time of completion and an authorized

expenditure with the letter of authorization for the title examiner or title company to

commence work on the project.

The letter of authorization to the title company or title examiner may also provide the

following:

Reference to the title search agreement under which the search is being ordered,

and the amounts quoted for the various types of search under the agreement

The number of copies of the search to be furnished as required by the contract

manager

A tentative due date for the search

30.4. CERTIFICATION OF UPDATE

The title examiner, under the provisions of the title search contract agreement, is required

to certify any update of the original search. The update shows the owner's name and

mailing address. The title examiner also provides specific data as to outstanding

encumbrances not already listed in previous title searches, such as mortgages (with book

and page reference) and satisfaction of mortgages (with book and page reference).

31. LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS (29.29)

31.1. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

All points of commencement, where practical, should be outside of the required right of

way. Descriptions must also be prepared and certified in accordance with the Surveying

and Mapping Procedures, Topic No. 550-030-101. The format will be determined by

the DSMO.

31.2. INFORMATION FOR WRITING LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS

A set of right of way maps that show the required right of way with all necessary

geometry.

Title information from the most recent title search, including any updates. This

information should include the current record owner, the legal description of the

property, and a list of all encumbrances on the property. Easement locations must

be plotted to determine whether they will affect the right of way taking.

Determination may then be made to ascertain if the taking will be subject to an

existing easement, subordinated or fully cleared. Private easements may be

brought to the attention of the DSMO by title examiners, surveyors, appraisers,

and others. This information must also be included on the right of way maps.

Other information may be obtained from additional field survey, local surveyors, or

other sources to clarify the property boundary location and title data. On consultant

prepared projects, the consultant will coordinate this effort with the DSMO.

31.3. EARLY INVOLVMENT IN MAP PREPARATION

Includes analyzing the title search to define parent tracts and ownerships affected

by the proposed right of way acquisition.

Includes reviewing the title search for errors in the legal description or omissions

in the title evidence. Items requiring clarification must be referred promptly to the

title examiner or Title Company to complete the title work before the preparation

of legal descriptions. Title updates may indicate revisions for which the maps

should be adjusted.

The record parent tract legal description for each right of way parcel and the

proposed right of way requirements will be depicted as required on the right of way

map and assigned a numbered parcel bubble in accordance with Section 31.4.

31.4. ASSIGNMENT OF PARCEL NUMBERS

Parcel numbers are assigned conforming to the numbering convention as follows:

Series 1 – 99 is reserved

Series 100 – 699 is used for all parcels to be acquired in fee

Series 700 – 799 is used for temporary easements

Series 800 – 899 is used for perpetual easements, including TIITF parcels

Series 900 – 999 is used for all license agreements

In the event any series exceeds the above range on a project, the series is extended by

beginning with the first number of that series and adding 1000. For example, 100 – 699

would become 1100 – 1699, etc.

Once a parcel number is assigned and transmitted to the Office of Right of Way it may

not be reused or reactivated if voided.

31.5. VESTING OF TITLE TO ROADS

When a state road intersects a street or dedicated right of way owned by a local

governmental agency, that portion of the right of way that is required for maintenance of

the state road after construction should be clearly depicted on the right of way map. If

legal descriptions are required, they are prepared at the direction of the DSMO in

accordance with local agency requirements. If necessary, a parcel number(s) may be

assigned.

31.6. PREPARATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS

Having completed the analysis of the title evidence, plotting of ownerships, reconciling

conflicting information, and showing the information on the right of way map, including

right of way requirements, the legal descriptions can be prepared. The DSMO will

determine the description format.

All data, distances and bearings used in a legal description should be readily discernible

from the right of way map, with all data between the map and the legal description in

complete agreement.

Computations and closure reports are prepared to support the description and provide

additional data that may be required on the right of way map.

31.6.1. BASIC METHODS

The basic methods to be used for the description of real property are:

Metes and bounds

Survey alignment description

Sections, lots, blocks or specific parts thereof

31.6.2. AREA

Areas are shown in all legal descriptions in square feet or acres, usually not both. The

areas agree with the table of ownership sheet and depicted as follows:

Areas of a half-acre or more should be shown in acres, to 3 decimal places. Areas

less than a half-acre should be shown in square feet, to the nearest foot, or as

directed by the DSMO. Areas, both acres and square feet, should be followed by

more or less.

For legal descriptions with multiple parts where some of the parts are less than or

equal to 1/2 acre but the total amounts to more than 1/2 acre, the parts may be

shown to the nearest square foot following each part of the legal description and

the total in acres at the end of the legal descriptions. Parts should be clearly tied

together by “AND” or “ALSO” to clearly show the intent. Care should be taken to

ensure that the “part” areas add up to the total area with no rounding differences,

and there are no discrepancies with the table of ownership sheet. The DSMO

directs the method of depiction on the table of ownership sheet, i.e., total area

only or parts shown.

31.6.3. METES AND BOUNDS DESCRIPTIONS

This type of description is one which requires adequate field survey information to identify

the point of beginning and list the bearings and distances that define the limits of the

parcel. This is the preferred method if a simpler description is not suitable.

Each metes and bounds description should adequately identify the land described and

make the title certain with regard to adjoining ownerships by the use of proper qualifying

language.

31.6.3.1. PARENT TRACT

In some instances minor flaws may be detected in the parent tract description that would

not materially affect the right of way. In such instances, the parent tract should be placed

in direct quotes to indicate the description of the parent tract is being used exactly as the

conveyance was made to the current owner.

However, when major discrepancies are detected such as improper sections, townships

or ranges that would place the property a considerable distance from the actual location

on the ground, the property owner should be advised of the discrepancy and should file

a corrective deed before the Department takes title. In the event this cannot be

accomplished, an alternate method for describing the right of way should be pursued such

as by direct metes and bounds or survey alignment description.

31.6.3.2. EXCEPTIONS TO THE PARENT TRACT

Occasionally, a parent tract description contains one or more areas that are excepted

from it. These may be described by copying the parent tract description and following it

by the description of the exception, clearly denoting it as an exception.

31.6.4. SURVEY ALIGNMENT DESCRIPTION

Where partial takings of a generally constant width are involved throughout a

considerable length of the project, the survey alignment description is often the most

practical type of description. This description is based upon right of way taking of a portion

of land out of a given parent tract that lies within a specific distance of a survey alignment.

31.6.4.1. SURVEY ALIGNMENT TIES

This line may be a survey alignment or a construction centerline tied at both ends to

known land corners such as a section corner, quarter section corner, subdivision block

corner or permanent reference monument. The distance between ties should not normally

exceed one mile except through large acreage tracts where it is permissible to cover the

entire tract without intermediate ties. When crossing large acreage tracts, a beginning tie

to a substantial corner prior to reaching the large tract is required. List the sections that

are being crossed and tie to a substantial corner or just past the ending boundary line for

the tract.

31.6.4.2. SURVEY ALIGNMENT CURVES

Describe by curve data, tangent lengths, and bearings, the survey alignment used in the

description.

The description of the curve should contain the following information:

concave direction

direction of curve

central angle

length

radius

If the curve is non-tangent, additional information to define the curve will be included.

A survey alignment beginning on a curve will have the tangent bearing or chord bearing

at the beginning indicated and the curve data should define only that part of the curve

included in the description.

31.6.4.3. SURVEY ALIGNMENT IDENTIFICATION

The survey alignment, centerline, and construction centerline may or may not be common

lines, so it is important that the line on which the right of way is based be clearly identified

in the description and on the right of way map. Survey alignments should be described

as beginning and ending on a land line, with a bearing and distance to the nearest land

corner. It is most important the bearing of the land line be shown in order to have complete

Many variations of the survey alignment description are used, but the principle remains

the same. Each line is identified by name such as baseline, centerline, survey alignment,

etc. as shown on the maps.

In most cases, especially where the width of the right of way varies, direct metes and

bounds is the best method to describe real property.

31.6.4.4. RIGHT OF WAY WIDTH

After defining the survey alignment, then define the width of the taking. The right of way

map indicates the required width.

Where there is existing right of way, it should be clearly stated in the description, e.g.,

excepting 25 feet of existing right of way on each side of the survey alignment…, and the

area for the taking should also exclude the area of the existing right of way.

31.6.4.5. VARIABLE WIDTH RIGHT OF WAY

Occasionally, a description requires a change of right of way width within the parcel. This

change may be defined by station and offset located in the description of the survey

alignment that follows.

Breaks can be located on property lines, instead of station numbers. Occasionally, a

transition in the right of way may be needed.

31.6.4.6. DESCRIPTIONS FOR FEDERAL LAND TRANSFERS

Where survey alignment descriptions are utilized to describe parcels for federal land

transfers where the taking is uniform throughout, recite the beginning and ending stations

where the survey alignment enters and leaves the federal lands.

In most cases, especially where the width of the right of way varies, direct metes and

bounds is the best method to describe federal lands.

31.6.5. WHOLE AND PARTIAL TAKINGS

31.6.5.1. WHOLE TAKING

An entire ownership as described in the title evidence may be used if all the land is

acquired and the description is correct in all respects.

31.6.5.2. PARTIAL TAKING

Partial takings may be defined in various ways; however, the intent should be clear.

These various ways are:

By recited dimension in a designated direction, sometimes called a strip

description

By area, specified or proportionate

By exception of portion not conveyed

By division line between parcels

Care should be exercised in describing partial takings, especially with parcels that do not

lie in cardinal directions, and those with irregular shapes.

31.6.5.3. SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS

Surveyors should follow best practices for referencing lands defined by the Public Land

Survey System as defined by the Manual of Survey Instructions for the Survey of the

Public Lands of the United States, 2009.

31.7. MULTIPLE DESCRIPTIONS, LIMITED ACCESS & FREE ACCESS

A description may consist of more than one area of land to be included in the parcel. It is

most important the descriptions of these parts be tied together by "AND" or "ALSO" in

order to clearly show the intent. Care should be exercised to ensure the separate parts

do not overlap as this can cause confusion as to the intent and possible duplication of

acreage.

Locations where access rights are acquired must be defined and clearly separated from

free access and other interest included in the same document. Limited access takings

must include the following language: “Together with all rights of ingress, egress, light, air

and view between the above described property and the Grantor’s remaining property.

31.8. EASEMENTS

31.8.1. TEMPORARY EASEMENTS

A time limit is used on temporary easements for stockpiles, detours, construction

easements, and other easements required during the period of construction. These time

limits run from the date of execution of the instrument unless otherwise noted.

31.8.2. PERPETUAL EASEMENTS

Perpetual easements are generally used for drainage outfalls, drainage inlets, slopes,

wall maintenance, ingress/egress and other easements that need to be permanent.

31.9. VERIFICATION

Verification of all descriptions, original or revised, will be included as part of the QA/QC

31.10. CERTIFICATION

The description for each parcel must be certified, i.e., signed, sealed, and dated, by a

professional surveyor and mapper as meeting the Standards of Practice pursuant to

Section 472.027, F.S., and must also be prepared in accordance with the Surveying

and Mapping Procedures, Topic No. 550-030-101.

Unless each description is certified individually, the professional surveyor and mapper will

prepare a certification letter as follows:

I hereby certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the attached legal

descriptions of parcels _______as shown on the right of way maps designated as

_______________ are true, accurate, and were prepared under my direction.

I further certify that said legal descriptions are in compliance with the Standards of

Practice as set forth by the Florida Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers in

Chapter 5J-17, F.A.C., pursuant to Section 472.027, F.S.

________________________________

Name of Surveyor

Florida Professional Surveyor and Mapper No. _________

Address

AND MAPPER.

32. MISCELLANEOUS

32.1. ROAD TRANSFERS

After notice has been given, pursuant to Transportation System Jurisdiction and

Numbering, Topic No. 525-020-010, that a state road has changed jurisdictional

classification, the orderly transfer of rights of way by deed or the filing of a right of way

map must be initiated. The use of right of way maps is the preferred method. Below is the

certificate to be used.

This right of way map, when recorded, is an instrument of conveyance, transferring in

accordance with Section 337.29(3), F.S., all right, title and interest of the Florida

Department of Transportation in the road, street, highway, set forth on this map

to_____________ County.

Recorded in Public Records of County, Florida, this day of

___ , A.D. 20 , in Road Plat Book , Page ______.

______________________________

Clerk of the Circuit Court

County, Florida

33. OFFICE PROCEDURES

33.1. TECHNICAL MEETINGS (29.32)

Attend meetings as required and negotiated by the DSMO.

33.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (29.33)

See Section 10.3 for information on the QA/QC Plan.

33.3. SUPERVISION (29.34)

Perform all activities required to supervise and coordinate project. These activities must

be performed by the project supervisor, PSM, or their delegate as approved by the DSMO.

33.4. COORDINATION (29.35)

Coordinate survey activities with other disciplines. These activities must be performed by

the project supervisor, PSM, or their delegate as approved by the DSMO.

33.5. SUPPLEMENTAL MAPPING (29.36)

This task is to cover efforts resulting from major design and/or development changes after

60% map development that affect the right of way requirements/parent tract property lines

and may include any number of tasks. Request and approval to utilize the supplemental

mapping hours will be in writing and approved by the DSMO prior to any work being done

under this task.

33.6. FINAL MAP/PLANS COMPARISON (29.30)

The PSM will perform a comparison of the final right of way maps, with the available

construction plans, to review the correctness of the type of parcel to be acquired and the

stations/offsets to the required right of way. The PSM will coordinate with the EOR to

resolve any conflicts or discrepancies and provide documentation of the review.

34. FIELD PROCEDURES

34.1. FIELD REVIEWS

Perform verification of the field conditions as related to the survey data.

TERRESTRIAL MOBILE LiDAR

35. INTRODUCTION

The intent of this document is to provide guidelines to help insure proper and efficient use

of TML technology in support of Department projects.

This document was adapted from CALTRANS Surveys Manual 2011.

http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/row/landsurveys/SurveysManual/Manual_TOC.html

Where possible this document is intended to coincide with the

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) :

Report 748. (2013). Guidelines for the Use of Mobile LIDAR in

Transportation Applications. Washington D.C.: Transportation

Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences.

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_748.pdf

36. TERRESTRIAL MOBILE LIDAR METHODS

TML uses a laser scanner(s) in combination with GNSS receivers, IMU, and DMI to

produce accurate and precise geospatial data from a moving terrestrial platform.

LiDAR sensors use an active (projected) light signal to measure the relative x, y, z,

position and reflective properties of a point on an object. In practice this results in a point

cloud with image qualities similar to other remote sensing technologies. This allows the

value of a point cloud to be extended when it is mined for topographic features and

information beyond what was required of the intended survey. However, the origin and

accuracy of the point cloud data must be supported by a survey report for it to be used

with confidence and to ensure the survey information with any byproducts are not

misused.

36.1. TYPES OF TML SURVEYS

The focus in this document is on three major survey categories of TML. The examples

given here are not intended to be exhaustive.

Type A – High Accuracy Surveys:

Design engineering topographic

As-built

Structures and bridge clearance

Deformation surveys

Type B – Medium Accuracy Surveys:

Design engineering topographic corridor study/planning

Detailed asset inventory and management surveys

Environmental

Earthwork

Urban mapping and modeling coastal zone erosion analysis

Type C – Lower Accuracy Mapping:

Preliminary planning

Transportation statistics

General asset inventory surveys

37. TML PROJECT SELECTION

The following are some of the key factors to consider when determining if TML is

appropriate for a particular survey project:

Safety

Project deliverables desired

Budget

Project time constraints

GNSS data collection environment

Terrain and length/size of project

Traffic volumes and available observation times

38. TML EQUIPMENT

All of the equipment in the TML system used to collect, process, and adjust data must be

of sufficient precision to meet the accuracy requirements of the project and applicable

accuracy standards described in this document. This determination can be made from

the stated specifications of the equipment by the manufacturers, analysis of the systems

performance on projects with similar requirements, and the expert opinion of the

Professional Surveyor and Mapper in responsible charge of the project survey data and

supporting survey report.

38.1. MINIMUM TML SYSTEM SENSOR COMPONENTS

LiDAR sensor

Follow OSHA Regulation 1926.54 and manufacturers’ recommendations

when using any laser equipment. Never stare into the laser beam or view laser

beams through magnifying optics, such as telescopes or binoculars.

Additionally, the eye safety of the traveling public and other people should be

considered at all times and the equipment operated in a way to ensure the eye

safety of all.

GNSS receivers

One or more onboard (roving) GNSS dual frequency receiver(s) capable of

RTK data and kinematic data that can be post processed.

One or more static GNSS dual frequency receiver(s) at base station(s) capable

of simultaneous collection and storage of RTK data and kinematic data that can

be post processed.

An IMU which typically consists of an electronic gyro within a sealed unit mounted

securely on or near the primary sensor.

A DMI typically mounted near vehicle wheel housing. It is used primarily as a

supporting measurement that allows for sensor collection at relative distance

intervals and can suspend measurements while the vehicle is motionless due to

vehicle traffic stops during collection.

The collection rate (epoch) of the TML system sensors must be sufficient to meet project

accuracy and point density requirements.

39. TML PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES

39.1. TML MISSION

When a contract is awarded and before any work begins, the consultant will contact the

DSMO to request the MSTS number. The MSTS number shall be included in point cloud

data file names so the data can be included in the CSMO image data management

system. The MSTS number should be referenced in all correspondence and project

deliverables.

To maximize the quality and production of measurements, mission planning should be

conducted before the collection of TML project data commences.

During a TML data collection mission, simultaneous GNSS signals from a minimum

constellation of 5 satellites should be maintained between at least one GNSS base station

receiver, and the GNSS roving receiver(s). The GNSS constellation PDOP should be 5

or less at the base and roving units during data acquisition. The occasional momentary

loss of GNSS signals, also known as cycle slips, may occur. In these cases, the position

of the LiDAR sensor is dependent on the IMU, and degrades quickly over time from the

last corrected GNSS position. To avoid poor and erroneous measurements the period of

lost GNSS corrections should never exceed the IMU’s ability to accurately position the

sensor over this time interval. The inadvertent scanning of moving targets such as traffic

and pedestrians will adversely affect measurements, as well as the texture, shape, and

color of the surface being scanned.

The accuracy of a project point cloud is affected by many error factors. Some of these

factors can be mitigated while others can be eliminated through proper procedures. Two

important factors impacting accuracy related to sensor specifications that can be

controlled are; the effective range of sensor and the resulting point density.

LiDAR sensor measurement precision diminishes as the distance from the sensor

increases. The effective range of the LiDAR sensor, for purposes of this document, is

determined by the sensor manufacturer specifications of precision as they relate to the

accuracy requirements of the project or specific areas of the project.

Point density is primarily determined by the measurement distance to object,

measurement rate of the sensor and speed of the sensor platform during measurement.

The point density must be sufficient to identify and extract physical detail to the accuracy

specified for the project while meeting the TML application requirements in Section

39.6.2.

All points with compromised accuracies, especially those collected outside the effective

range of the scanner, shall be classified as erroneous.

Projects with difficult TML survey conditions should be reconnoitered first to identify as

many of these variables as possible and develop a plan to mitigate their effect on the

data. Usually this will require additional control to ensure the TML measurements in these

areas meet the project accuracy requirements.

39.2. PROJECT BASE STATION CONTROL ESTABLISHMENT

The project base station control that will be used to post-process the TML GNSS data

shall be placed at intervals to ensure that no processed baseline exceeds the survey type

requirements listed in Section 39.6.2 Short baselines contribute to the best possible

positional accuracy outcome. During TML collection two or more GNSS base station

occupations are highly recommended to guard against the possibility of wasted effort and

useless data from base station failure due to equipment, accident or human error in

station setup, and also allow redundant post-processing. Base stations shall be

appropriately spaced along the corridor to meet the baseline length limitations listed in

Section 39.6.2 for the project area to be mapped. This limitation does not apply to data

collected outside of the project as often happens during vehicle staging at the beginning

and ending of each pass. All control set shall be done in accordance with the

Department’s GNSS Guidelines listed in Appendix B.

39.3. EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND BORE SIGHT CALIBRATION

All of the sensor equipment in the TML system shall have records documenting

maintenance to the manufacturer’s recommendation, including all repairs and

adjustments to the sensors.

Sensor alignment (bore sighting) procedures sufficient to meet project accuracy

requirements shall be performed and documented immediately before and after collecting

the TML data for a project. This must be performed on site if the system has been

disassembled for transport.

39.4. REDUNDANCY

TML data collection shall be conducted in such a manner as to ensure redundancy of the

data. This means that more than one scan pass is necessary. The data shall be collected

so that there is overlap between scan passes. The minimum amount of overlap along the

sides of the scan passes should be 20%. More overlap is often necessary to cover critical

areas where high accuracy surfaces are needed. The redundant passes can be made in

the same direction or in opposite directions. A minimum of 15 minutes between the end

of one pass and the beginning of the next overlapping pass is required. The objective is

to ensure sufficient satellite constellation changes have occurred between passes,

reducing the opportunity for bias in the GPS measurements.

39.5. MONITORING DATA COLLECTION

Monitoring various component operations during the scan session is an important step in

the QA/QC process. The following is a list of minimum items that should be monitored

and documented during TML data collection:

Loss of GNSS reception

Uncorrected IMU drift both in distance and time

Proper functioning of the laser scanner

Vehicle Speed

The system operator should be aware and note when the system encountered the most

difficulty and be prepared to take appropriate action in adverse circumstances.

39.6. PROJECT CONTROL AND VALIDATION POINTS

In order to improve the project accuracy of the collected TML point cloud data, a project

geometric correction must be applied. The two leading methods currently employed for

this process both require targeted project control points visually identifiable in the TML

point cloud (see Section 39.6.1), measured independently, and having higher project

accuracies than required for the TML data.

The preferred method incorporates simultaneous adjustment (least squares) of the raw

navigation trajectory with weighted (constrained) project control points. This establishes

the best trajectory and exterior orientation parameters for the LiDAR sensor (and any

other sensors such as a camera). The best trajectory method produces improved results

over the second method, and allows for sound relationships between multiple sensor data

collected from the moving vehicle.

The other method is a least squares adjustment of the horizontal and vertical residuals

between established project control points, and the corresponding values from the point

clouds to produce the transformation parameters of translation, rotation, and scale for the

horizontal values and an inclined plane for the vertical values. These parameters are

then applied to the point cloud to produce more accurate final geospatial data within the

localized area of control. This method should be used with caution especially in longer

projects that may require segmented adjustments.

Check points must be established with the same project accuracies as the control. Check

points by definition are not constrained in the adjustment of the TML data to project control

points. Check points are to be used for statistical accuracy computations validating the

adjusted TML point cloud.

Control and check point targets for Type A and Type B TML surveys must be of sufficient

size and reflectivity to ensure identification and correct measurement within the point

cloud.

The recommended geometry of Primary Project Control pairs should be located at the

beginning, end, and evenly spaced throughout the project to ensure that the project TML

collection area is bracketed. The recommended maximum distance with respect to route

centerline stationing spacing between these points shall be based on the type of survey

as defined in Section 36.1. See Section 39.6.2 for TML survey specifications.

Check point pairs are used to check the geospatial data adjustment. Check points should

be located at the beginning, end, and evenly spaced throughout the project. The

recommended maximum distance with respect to route centerline stationing spacing

between these points shall be based on the type of survey as defined in Section 36.1

portion of this handbook. See Section 39.6.2 for TML survey specifications.

39.6.1. TYPICAL TML TYPE “A” PROJECT CONTROL AND VALIDATION

POINT LAYOUT

Note: Since all projects are different, these are only recommendations. The Surveyor & Mapper

in responsible charge of the TML must choose the appropriate accuracy and geometry of the

Project Control Points and Validation Points to insure the TML survey data and products meet or

surpass accuracy requirements of the project.

39.6.2. TML SURVEY SPECIFICATIONS

Operation/Specification

TML Survey

Type A Type B Type C

Bore sight calibration of TML system per

manufacturers’ specifications before and after

project data collection.

Required

Dual-frequency GNSS Required; See Note 6

IMU Required; See Note 6

DMI Required; See Note 6

GNSS positioning shall be constrained to

project control. Yes

Note 10

Minimum horizontal (H) and vertical (V)

accuracy for GNSS control base stations.

Must be of higher project accuracy than

required for TML data.

Minimum accuracy of Project Control Points

and Validation Points See Note 5

H ≤ 0.06 ft H ≤ 0.10 ft H and V

TML Survey

TML positional accuracy requirements relative

to Project Control Points and Validation Points V ≤ 0.06 ft V ≤ 0.10 ft See Note 5

Maximum post-processed baseline length 5 miles 10 miles

Minimum number of common healthy satellites

in view for GNSS base stations and mobile

scanner

See Notes 1 thru 4

Maximum PDOP during TML data acquisition 5

Allow sufficient time between overlapping

collection passes to ensure change in satellite

constellation. Recommend at least 3 different

satellites in view.

Each Overlapping Pass

Minimum overlapping coverage between

adjacent runs 20%

Minimum orbit ephemeris for kinematic post-

processing Broadcast

Observations – sufficient point density to model

objects Each pass

Vehicle speed – limit to maintain required point

density Each pass

Minimum number of project transformation

points required 4

LiDAR point density requirements (see note 8) ( ≥ 20 pts/ft²) ( ≥ 10 pts/ft²) See note 9

Recommended maximum spacing for Project

Control Point pairs along the project corridor.

Project Control Points should be located on each

side of scanned roadway.

1000 ft

intervals

See Note 5

1500 ft

intervals

See Note 5

See note 5

Recommended maximum Validation Point

spacing along the project corridor for QA

purposes as safety conditions permit. (See Note

1000 ft

intervals

See Note 5

1000-2500 ft

intervals

See Note 5

TML Survey

Minimum NSSDA Horizontal and Vertical Check

Points 20 points - see note 7

TML survey specifications notes:

1. Areas in the project that have poor satellite visibility should be identified and a

plan to minimize the effect on the data developed.

2. If necessary project area shall be reconnoitered to determine the best time to

collect the data to minimize GNSS outages and excessive artifacts in the data

collection from surrounding traffic or other factors.

3. If safety conditions permit, additional Validation Points should be added in

challenging GNSS environments such as urban canyons.

4. GNSS coverage of less than 5 satellites in view must not exceed the

uncorrected position time or distance travelled capabilities of the TML system

5. Since all projects are different, these are only recommendations. The PSM in

responsible charge of the TML must choose the appropriate accuracy and

geometry of the Project Control Points and Validation Points to insure the TML

survey data and products meet or surpass accuracy requirements of the

project.

6. Manufacturer’s specifications for precision must be sufficient for TML system

to meet or surpass accuracy requirements of the project.

7. Validation Points may also serve as NSSDA check points to meet the

requirements of this section. However, if critical areas of the point cloud are to

be used outside of the locations of the Validation Points, then additional check

points will be needed in those areas to meet this requirement.

8. The PSM in responsible charge must insure the mobile LiDAR collection

achieves sufficient point density to support the required detail and accuracy of

TML survey data and products. Point density should be verified through sample

point spacing analysis using the formula:

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) : Report

748. (2013). Guidelines for the Use of Mobile LIDAR in Transportation

Applications, Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences.

9. Large surveys requiring less accuracy that do not have designated project

control, may use other appropriate published control upon approval by

Department.

39.7. ACCURACY ANALYSIS

The accuracy analysis of TML point cloud data shall conform to the NSSDA requirements

for geospatial data classification as published by the FGDC in document FGDC-STD-

007.3-1998 titled Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards Part 3: National Standard

for Spatial Data Accuracy, http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-

projects/accuracy/part3/chapter3). A minimum of 20 independent horizontal and vertical

check points shall be measured and distributed to reflect the geographic area of interest

and expected distribution of error in the data sets. The resulting comparisons shall meet

or surpass the positional accuracy requirements for the survey at the 95% confidence

level based on the NSSDA and shall be included in the survey report.

39.8. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

Engineering design survey data points collected using TML are checked by various

means including comparing scan points to Validation Points, reviewing the digital terrain

model, reviewing independent cross section data to scan surfaces, and redundant

measurements. Redundant measurements with TML can only be accomplished by

multiple scan runs or passes that offer overlapping coverage.

The TML data provider shall provide a Quality Assurance/Quality Control plan that

includes descriptions of the proposed quality control and quality assurance plan. The plan

shall address the requirements set forth in this document as well as other project specific

QA/QC measures.

See Section 10.3 for more information on Quality Assurance/Quality Control.

40. TML DELIVERABLES AND DOCUMENTATION

As stated earlier the origin and accuracy of the point cloud data must be supported by a

survey report for it to be used with confidence, and to ensure the survey information and

any byproducts are not misused.

Documentation of project TML survey(s) is an essential part of surveying work. The

documentation of a scanning project must show a clear data lineage from the published

primary control to the final deliverables. All project deliverables and documentation shall

be included or clearly identified by reference in the survey report.

40.1. ALL TML TYPE DELIVERABLES

The first product deliverable for all TML Type surveys is an original post-processed geo-

referenced point cloud in the latest (unless otherwise directed) ASPRS published LAS

binary format file. Supporting documentation required but not limited to:

Statistical system reports

PDOP values during the survey

Separation of forward and reverse solution (difference between forward and

reverse post-process roll, pitch, yaw and XYZ positions solution).

Areas of the project that the data collected exceeded the maximum elapsed

time or distance traveled of uncorrected IMU drift due to GNSS signal loss

or obstruction.

Comparison of elevation data from overlapping (side lap) runs

Comparison of points at the area of overlap (end lap) if more than one

GNSS base is used.

NSSDA report comparison

The most developed TML point cloud data has been adjusted, verified, and classified by

subject type. A classified point cloud has the added value of having the individual points

within it identified by class. All required classes should be specified in the contract scope

as this task can be very time consuming.

40.1.1. LiDAR POINT CLASSES

Note: The Department continues to

review classifications for TML

surveys on transportation projects.

The DSMO should be consulted

before point classification begins.

The only required class at this time is “Erroneous” used for points with compromised

accuracies. The ASPRS Classification Value of 64 should be used for this class

Whenever possible the current ASPRS classifications should be followed at this time.

The project digital products shall be submitted to the Department on a portable external

USB or fire wire computer drive accompanied by an itemized transmittal letter. All digital

products submitted, along with any digital and hardcopy media shall become the property

of the FDOT. The digital media drive shall be labeled on the outside with the following

information:

Project title

Survey report title

Date of survey

Financial Management Number

Consultant name

Name of PSM in responsible charge

Central Office Image Tracking Number

The LAS file deliverable for TML Types A and B is the resulting original post processed

point cloud from the sensor. The next form of the TML point cloud data is the

transformed/adjusted point cloud also saved in an LAS specific binary format.

Supporting documentation required but not limited to:

Statistical comparison of point cloud data and finished products to

Validation Points.

Statistical comparison of at least 5 cross sections showing differences

between the surfaces created from adjusted point cloud data to cross

sections collected from independent measurements of equal or higher

accuracy.

The point cloud data is now ready to be imported into various software packages for

further data analysis and feature extraction as well as fusing with other types of data and

analytical tools creating a variety of value-added products.

The following digital products related to TML surveys that are applicable to the project

shall be included:

Binary LAS files of point cloud data from original scans

Binary LAS files of adjusted and classified point cloud data

Digital video or photo mosaic files

FGDC compliant metadata files

Additional digital CADD products as covered in the current CADD Manual, Topic No.

625-050-001.

Topographic design files

Surface / TIN files

40.2. TML SURVEY REPORT

The documentation of a mobile scanning project must show a clear data lineage from the

published primary control to the final deliverables. The data path of the entire process

must be defined, documented, assessable, and allow for identifying adjustment or

modification. 3D data without a documented lineage is susceptible to imbedded mistakes,

difficult to validate, and offers little or no reliability.

General Survey Report Content:

Project name & identification: County, Route, Section, etc.

Survey date, limits, and purpose

Datum, epoch, and units

Control found, held, and set for the survey

Personnel, equipment, and surveying methods used

Problems encountered

Declare what TML Type A, B, or C accuracy was achieved

Project base stations occupied

Identification of control target points (transformation and validation)

Results of constrained adjustment of TML data to project transformation control

points

QA/QC reports as described in Section 39.8 portion of this handbook

NSSDA analysis of Validation Points from Section 39.7 portion of this handbook

All TML Surveying and Mapping products submitted shall be supported by a survey report

containing at a minimum all information necessary to support the precision and accuracy

of TML measurements and products, and meets the Standards of Practice adopted by

the Florida State Board of Professional Surveyors and Mappers. To this end the survey

report shall include but is not limited to the documentation and references to digital

reports, products and media, identified in this document.

APPENDIX A

NOTES, DATA COLLECTION, AND DATA PROCESSING

1. NOTES AND NOTEKEEPING

Whether recorded electronically or by hand, field notes may be used by persons who are

not familiar with the area, and who must rely on what is recorded in the notes. For this

reason, the notes must contain all necessary information and they must be recorded in a

form that will allow for easy interpretation. All field notes must be recorded in the field.

Sketches may be invaluable in clarifying electronically collected data.

The current practice for the Department is to collect survey data electronically.

Topography, cross-section, terrain, and other similar data can be collected and stored

this way. After processing and field verification, the database is exported to Department

approved design software.

The method of collecting data should be reviewed with the Department before the project

is begun to assure compatibility of the digital data with Department approved formats,

notation and other essentials.

Electronic data may be supplemented by notes and sketches in traditional, bound field

books. If field books are submitted as part of the survey record, the following guidelines

apply:

On the front cover of each field book, indicate in ink: the project number, the county

in which the survey is made, and the contents of the book, e.g. Bench Levels and

Cross Sections. On the back edge, in ink, indicate the book number and project

number. See Figure 1 below.

Sample field book certification. See Figure 2 below.

Pages will not be removed from a field book. Incorrect or obsolete notes should

be marked VOID, dated, and initialed. Numerical data will not be erased. If a

number is in error, a single line should be drawn through it, and the correct number

written above.

On the inside fly sheet of each standard bound field book will be a pre-stamped

form with the book number and spaces for other essential identification information

which the user is required to fill in, including the job description exactly as it

appears in the Department’s Financial Management System. See Figure 1 below.

The next page after the identification information will be Page 1. To assure

adequate space, pages 1-5 should be reserved for indexing and other information.

APPENDIX A

The numbering of the pages is continued from page 1 throughout the field book,

numbering the upper right hand page only.

Cross reference all incomplete items when revisions or continuations are made.

Make all subsequent corrections and additions to notes in red.

At the completion of the survey, all field books containing data for the project will

be collected, organized and delivered to the DSMO.

APPENDIX A

1.1. CERTIFIED FIELD BOOK

A certified field book may be kept to record the following information:

Baseline alignment and references

Bench levels and bench mark index

DTM check cross sections

1.2. FIELD WORK BOOK

A segment/project field work book may be kept to record the following information. This

information includes but is not limited to the following:

Project network control, DTM survey, R/W control survey axis test repetitions,

network/traverse repetitions, and control point index/references

Height of instrument and height of target for each setup

A sketch of the topography chains, including DTM break line chains, with labels

and pertinent point names to store the chains

A list of chains containing chain point lists as an aid in the chain revision during

post processing

Notes to aid in post processing such as modifications to a series of points

2. ELECTRONIC SURVEY DATA COLLECTION

Electronic survey data collection applies to all methods of field survey that utilize

electronic means to take measurements relating to land information, including storing,

analyzing, processing, and archiving of that information. This commonly involves the use

of GPS, total stations, data collectors, and software such as, but not limited to, EFB,

CEFB, CAiCE, GEOPAK, VectorNT, MicroStation, and Civil 3D.

2.1. CALIBRATION

Axis tests will be performed when using total stations, as defined in the EFB User

Handbook. The EFB User Handbook is available for download in portable document

format (.pdf) within the file EFB.ZIP at:

http://www.dot.state.fl.us/surveyingandmapping/doc_pubs.shtm

APPENDIX A

2.2. CONTROL CHECK-IN

Control should be re-observed in direct and reverse telescope, recording horizontal angle,

zenith angle, and slope distance as a check. To ensure that the setup is not disturbed,

checking into the control must be done at a minimum of the beginning and end of each

setup, but may need to be done more frequently in high risk areas.

2.3. ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT METHODS

2.3.1. TOPOGRAPHY, DTM, AND R/W CONTROL SURVEY DATA

Right of way control surveys may be collected in HVD or HD mode.

2.3.2. HD MODE

Mode of measurement, normally with a total station, in which the horizontal circle reading

(H) and the horizontal distance (HD) are recorded. Height of instrument, unnecessary for

producing the horizontal position of the setup point, is still measured and recorded in case

more than one measurement mode is used on a particular setup. Height of target is not

measured and is not used in the processing.

2.3.3. HVD MODE

Mode of measurement, normally with a total station, in which the horizontal circle reading

(H), the zenith circle reading (V), and the slope distance (D) are recorded. Horizontal

angles are measured clockwise to the right. Zenith angles are measured from the zenith

at zero degrees. Height of instrument (HI) and the height of the target (HT) are also

measured and recorded. These measurements combine to process the horizontal and

vertical position of a point or a series of points.

2.3.3.1. HVD OBSERAVTIONS

Refer to the EFB User’s Handbook for feature coding and attributing of points and

chains.

2.3.4. SOR MODE

Mode of measurement, normally with a level, level rod, and tape, in which an alignment

station value (S), offset right or left of the alignment (O), and the level rod reading (R) are

recorded. The horizontal and vertical position of a point or a series of points is processed

based on the alignment position and a controlling elevation.

2.3.4.1. SOR OBSERVATIONS

Setup the level and record an observation to a BM or TBM. Measure and record the

required offsets and the corresponding level rod readings.

APPENDIX A

SOR observations are useful when locating topographic features and taking traditional

cross-sections on small special purpose projects and on resurface projects where large

cross-section intervals are employed and a DTM will not be computed.

3. TOPOGRAPHY

All topographic features such as roadbeds, asphalt aprons, curbs and gutters, utility

poles, trees, etc. should be observed in HVD mode. All points and chains relating to the

ground surface model have a ground (G) attribute. Only those points and chains on the

ground surface are used in computing the DTM. Topography and DTM surveys should

be performed in HVD or SOR mode. Horizontal angle, zenith angle, slope distance (HVD)

observations should not be made for distances greater than 500 feet to ensure accurate

trigonometric elevations.

3.1. CHAINS

A chain is the ordered connection of points that define the boundary of an object. The

first step in collecting DTM data is locating all ground topographic chains. This is

accomplished by radially observing all points along each chain (see Section 3.2.1. of

Appendix A). Each point along a specific chain is observed, recording the horizontal and

vertical position. These points are the horizontal and vertical breaks along the chain and

contain point (P) geometry or curve (C) geometry.

3.1.1. GROUND

Ground survey chains are all those break lines, as defined above, that lie on the ground

surface. Ground chains are the profiles along the distinct breaks in the ground surface

model. Ground chains will contain only ground points.

3.1.2. BREAK LINES

A break line is a profile line along a distinct topographic feature or along a distinct

interruption in the continuity of the ground surface. The ground topographic chains are

3-D break lines for the DTM. Some examples include roadbeds, curbs and gutters,

sidewalks, shoulders, tops of endwalls, tops of slopes, ditch bottoms, etc.

3.2. POINTS

3.2.1. GROUND

Ground points are all those X,Y,Z positions that lie on the ground surface. Ground points

include ground chain points as well as random ground positions needed to accurately

generate a DTM. Once the chain points have been recorded, the random ground points

are observed.

APPENDIX A

3.2.2. FEATURE

Feature survey points are those X,Y,Z positions that will not be used in the DTM

generation. An example is a fire hydrant located by placing the target rod on top of the

hydrant. The elevation of this point will not be used when computing the DTM although

its elevation is determined during post processing.

3.2.3. SPOT ELEVATIONS

Spot elevations are the random ground surface observations needed to fill the remaining

areas not covered by the ground chains. These observations should be made at the high

and low points in the remaining areas. Spot elevations are critical in the generation of an

accurate DTM. The location of these points is left to the judgment of the PSM in

responsible charge based on the project requirements of the existing ground surface, and

on knowledge of the data collection/DTM system.

3.3. CHECK CROSS-SECTIONS

To ensure an accurate DTM, independent check cross-sections should be taken. These

check cross-sections may be recorded in the certified field book and may also be recorded

electronically using HVD mode or SOR mode. For further instructions, see the EFB

User’s Handbook. The PSM in responsible charge should meet with the DSMO to set

check cross-section requirements.

4. SEGMENTING

Survey projects involve many points, chains, etc. To keep the data set manageable, the

project is divided into segments.

Segmenting can occur in the field by one of two methods. One is to collect the data on a

computer in which the segmenting is accomplished directly on the pc. The second

method involves seeding the segment forward from the EFB file menu. Now two

segments exist on the data collector, the previously collected segment and the newly

created segment. By seeding the segment forward, the project names and chain names

are copying from the previous segment over to the new segment. This resolves the

segmenting issue and activates the data collection program to begin data collection in the

new segment.

When creating and switching between various segments, avoid point naming conflicts.

One method to avoid point naming conflicts on large projects employing multiple crews is

to use a suitable crew designation, e.g., the party chief’s initials, as a prefix to the segment

names, point names, and chain names. If a crew is assigned a different project, end the

segment by checking into control and downloading and archiving the partial segment.

Download each crew’s data at least daily.

APPENDIX A

5. DATA PROCESSING

Processing begins with downloading the segment data files to a computer and backing

up the files. The data should be downloaded to a separate directory and archived

unedited. Copy the files to the working directory for processing. The EFB field files are

as follows:

filename.SDF – Database format observation file containing all the recorded data

in the segment.

The binary observation file, filename.SDF, is translated to an ASCII file, filename.OBS. A control file, filename.CTL, is created and these two files are used to process the survey data. Revisions are made and documented in filename.OBS and when this file is correct, a least squares adjustment is performed. Revisions are documented in filename.OBS by adding remark records at the corresponding revisions. This procedure ensures an electronic audit trail for quality control. The final result of the least squares adjustment is filename.XYZ. This ASCII file contains X,Y,Z coordinates and all the pertinent attribute data for each point in the segment. The results of the SOR observations are stored in the .SDF file. For a more detailed discussion of processing EFB data, see the EFB User’s Handbook, the EFB Processing System Handbook, and the EFB Processing System Handbook – Technical Reference.

The filename.XYZ file is then imported or merged into a coordinate geometry database imported into the database. The project alignment and other important alignments are computed and/or stored in the database. SOR data is imported into the database after the proper alignments are stored.

6. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

The DTM breaklines are analyzed and edited to ensure accuracy. The survey chains with

ground (G) attributes are DTM breaklines. Intersecting breaklines must have a common

point. Other things to look for during survey chain edits are proper attributes, proper chain

lists, and proper orientation.

The data should be viewed in 3D to confirm that the survey chains are oriented correctly

in the vertical plane. For example, a vertical spike in an edge of pavement chain will not

be apparent in plan view. If apparent discrepancies are noted, the project should be

referred back to the person in responsible charge for further action.

Once the survey chains have been verified and the DTM database has been created, the

DTM triangles should be computed and then verified. The most common method of DTM

verification is by comparing the computed cross-sections with the check cross-sections.

Discrepancies must be investigated and corrected.

7. QUALITY CONTROL

See Section 10.3 for information on the QA/QC Plan.

APPENDIX A

8. DELIVERABLES

Specific deliverables are defined in the scope. In general, the deliverables may include:

The raw, unedited field data files

After completion of the work, all files are transferred to the Department with an itemized

transmittal letter. No project will be considered complete until all deliverables are received

and approved by the DSMO.

APPENDIX B

GNSS GUIDELINES

1. TYPES OF GNSS SURVEYS

Static GNSS (SGNSS) - Carrier phase differencing technique where the integer

ambiguities are resolved from an extended observation period through a change

in satellite geometry.

Rapid Static GNSS (RSGNSS) – Requires shorter occupation times than static

positioning and may use a radial baseline technique, network technique, or a

combination of the two.

Real-Time GNSS (RT) – Uses measurements of the phase of the signal′s carrier

wave, rather than the information content of the signal, and relies on a single

reference station to provide real-time corrections.

Real-Time Network GNSS (RTN) – A variation of RT GNSS surveying. Rather

than setting up a base station on the project, a number of permanent and

continuously operating base stations are set up providing the augmentation to the

basic position as determined at the rover.

2. NETWORK DESIGN PLAN

Every project that uses GNSS technology will have an NDP submitted and approved by

the Department prior to the commencement of work.

2.1. REQUIREMENTS

Every NDP will include:

the type(s) of GNSS surveys proposed.

the layout of the network geometry submitted in .pdf or other Department

approved format.

the defined RT GNSS survey areas, if any.

the control monumentation data sheets for existing control stations to be

utilized.

the datums for all surveys.

the identification, i.e., brand and model of equipment to be used.

APPENDIX B

3. GNSS EQUIPMENT

Equipment for all GNSS survey activities will be multi-frequency, survey grade, carrier

phase, geodetic receivers and antennas unless prior written approval is obtained from the

Department.

4. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

Accuracy requirements are point type specific.

Use the current Department approved network adjustment for the final adjustment. All

vectors used in the adjustment will be independent vectors.

See Appendix C for accuracy requirements.

5. POINT TYPES

5.1. STATEWIDE NETWORK CONTROL (FPRN)

The FPRN will serve as the Statewide Network Control for all Department projects. All

newly established control will be constrained to the FPRN. Every project using RT

methods will use the current correctors broadcast by the FPRN.

5.2. PRIMARY PROJECT CONTROL (PPC)

Raw data file converted to RINEX, open source, or Department approved format and

delivered in electronic form for each session.

5.2.1. OBSERVATIONS

A minimum of 2 observations with a 4 hour differential is required for all primary project

control.

5.2.2. LOCALIZATION

All transformations should be constrained by a minimum of 3 horizontal and 3 vertical

stations (a station can represent both a horizontal and vertical constraint) in the project

vicinity with published coordinate values in the project specified system.

5.2.3. DELIVERABLES

5.2.4. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX B

5.2.5. BEST PRACTICES

Primary Project Control should be used for the following:

Project Control

Low Altitude Aerial Control

Benchmarks

5.3. SECONDARY PROJECT CONTROL

5.3.1. OBSERVATIONS

A minimum of 2 observations with a 4 hour differential is required for all secondary control.

5.3.2. LOCALIZATION

5.3.3. DELIVERABLES

Secondary Project Control should be used for the following:

Secondary Project Control

High Altitude Aerial Control

Terrestrial Mobile LiDAR Type A Control

Aerial LiDAR Control

Alignment Control

5.4. PROJECT VALIDATION CONTROL

5.4.1. ESTABLISHMENT OF VALIDATION POINTS

5.4.1.1. REQUIREMENTS

Validation Points will be established with the following requirements:

5.4.1.2. REDUNDANCY

Low Altitude Aerial Control, High Altitude Aerial Control, Terrestrial Mobile LiDAR

Type A Control, and Aerial LiDAR Control.

APPENDIX B

Validation Points placed at 1000 foot intervals within collection area, on

each side of corridor, with a minimum of 20.

Terrestrial Mobile LiDAR Type B Control

Validation Points placed at 1500 foot intervals within collection area, with a

minimum of 20.

Location and Topography

Validation Points placed at 1 mile intervals within collection area, with a

minimum of 2.

5.4.2. OBSERVATIONS

A minimum of 3 observations with a half hour differential is required for all Project

Validation Control.

5.4.3. LOCALIZATION

5.4.4. DELIVERABLES

Project Validation Control data sets should not exceed 24 hours in length and will be

submitted in a Department approved format and delivered in electronic form for each

session.

Project Validation Control should be used for the following:

Validation Points

Terrestrial Mobile LiDAR Control

Monumentation

Alignment References

Right of Way Markers

5.5. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY

5.5.1. VALIDATION POINT CHECK-IN

Location and topography data sets will check into validation points before beginning each

day’s data collection, at a minimum of every 2 hours thereafter, and at the conclusion of

the day’s data collection.

APPENDIX B

5.5.2. OBSERVATIONS

Typical observations are RT single epoch. This will be the acceptable procedure for both

data collection and validation point check-in.

5.5.3. DELIVERABLES

Location and topography data sets should not exceed 24 hours in length and will be

submitted in a Department approved format and delivered in electronic form for each

session

Location and topography should be used for the following:

Validation Point check-in

Photo Identification Points

Location

Topography

Subsurface Utilities

5.6. SURVEY REPORT

When GNSS is used on a project, the survey report should contain standard content.

When using OPUS Projects as the final adjustment software, a least squares

network solution must be applied.

When using Vector NT as the final adjustment software, all input, output, and point

tolerance ASCII files must be provided.

If localizing, a transformation report must be provided.

See Section 10 and Appendix E for information on survey reports.

APPENDIX C

ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

Point Type Point Usage (Best Practices)

Low Density 0.10' 0.030m

Medium Density 0.05' 0.015m

High Density 0.02' 0.006m

Low Altitude Aerial Network Control

Benchmarks*

Project Control

Alignment References (no vertical requirement)

Right-of-way Markers (no vertical requirement)

Secondary Project Control

High Altitude Aerial Network Control

TML Type A Control

Aerial LiDAR Control

Alignment Control (no vertical requirement)

Automated Machine Guidance Control

Point Density

0.04' 0.012m Standards of Practice

Standards of Practice

0.018m

0.024m

0.030m

Validation Point Check-in

Photo Identification Points

Statewide

Network Control

Primary

Project Control

Secondary

Project Control

Project

Validation Control

Location and

Topography

< 3 points

3-9 points

> 9 points

Horizontal

AccuracyVertical Accuracy

Fixed Fixed

Horizontal Density

Points / Sq. Ft.Relative Vertical Position

Subsurface Utilities - Level A Utility Locates

Location and Topography

Validation Points

TML Type B Control

Monumentation (no vertical requirement)

APPENDIX D

For standardization, this section contains sample forms to be used for survey project

submittals. However, there may be other District specific forms that are required in

addition to the forms shown in this section. See the DSMO for District specific forms.

Standards of Practice Checklist

Right of Way Requirement Changes Tracking Form

FDOT Project Log

Percentage of Field Work Complete Form

Percentage of Control Map Complete Form

Percentage of Right of Way Map Complete Form

Weekly Report of Survey Activities

APPENDIX D

Standards of Practice Checklist

5J-17.051 General Survey, Map, and Report Content Requirements

(1) Nothing in these rules shall preclude a surveyor and mapper from entering into a contract with

a client which requires more stringent surveying standards than those set forth in this rule.

(2) Survey Data:

(a) REGULATORY OBJECTIVE: The public must be able to rely on the accuracy of

measurements and maps produced by a surveyor and mapper.

(b) Surveyors and mappers must achieve the following minimum standards of accuracy,

completeness, and quality:

☐1. The accuracy of the survey measurements shall be premised upon the type of survey and

the expected use of the survey and map.

☐All measurements must be in accordance with the United States standard, using either feet or

meters.

☐2. Records of these measurements shall be maintained for each survey by either the individual

surveyor and mapper or the surveying and mapping business entity.

☐3. Measurement and computation records must be dated

☐Measurement and computation records must contain sufficient data to substantiate the survey

☐Measurement and computation records must support the accuracy statement (closure

calculations or redundant measurements, if applicable.)

(3) Surveys, Maps, and/or Survey Products Content.

☐(a) REGULATORY OBJECTIVE: In order to avoid misuse of a survey and map, the surveyor

and mapper must adequately communicate the survey results to the public through a map, report,

or report with an attached map. Any survey map or report must identify the responsible surveyor

and mapper and contain standard content.

APPENDIX D

(b) Surveyors and mappers must meet the following minimum standards of accuracy,

completeness, and quality:

☐1. Each survey map and report shall state the type of survey it depicts consistent with the

types of surveys defined in paragraphs 5J-17.050(10)(a)-(k), F.A.C. The purpose of a survey, as

set out in paragraphs 5J-17.050(10)(a)-(k), F.A.C., dictates the type of survey to be performed

and depicted, and a licensee may not avoid the minimum standards required by rule of a particular

survey type merely by changing the name of the survey type to conform with what standards or

lack of them the licensee chooses to follow.

Type of Survey stated on map and report

☐As-built ☐Mean High Water Line Survey

☐Boundary Survey ☐Quantity Survey

☐ Condominium Survey ☐Record Survey

☐Construction Layout Survey ☐Specific or Special Purpose Survey

☐Control Survey ☐Topographic Survey

☐Hydrographic Survey

2. All survey maps and reports must:

☐Bear the name, cert. of authorization number, street and mailing address of the business entity

on the map and report

☐Display the name and license number of the surveyor and mapper in responsible charge.

☐State the name, license number, and street and mailing address of a surveyor and mapper

practicing independent of any business entity on each survey map and report.

☐3. All survey maps must reflect a survey date, which is the date of data acquisition. When the

graphics of a map are revised, but the survey date stays the same, the map must list dates for all

revisions.

☐4. The survey map and report and the copies of the survey map and report, except those with

electronic signature and electronic seal, must contain a statement indicating that the survey map

and report or the copies thereof are not valid without the signature and the original raised seal of

a Florida licensed surveyor and mapper.

☐5. If either the business entity or the individual licensee does not possess professional liability

insurance, then the map, report, and/or survey must contain the following printed statement in

APPENDIX D

letters at least 1/4'' high: The survey depicted here is not covered by professional liability

insurance.

☐6. Additions or deletions to survey maps or reports by other than the signing party or parties

is prohibited without written consent of the signing party or parties.

☐7. All computed data or plotted features shown on survey maps must be supported by accurate

survey measurements unless clearly stated otherwise.

☐8. Bearings, distances, coordinates, and elevations shown on a survey map shall be

substantiated by survey measurements unless clearly stated otherwise.

☐9. A reference to all bearings shown on a survey map or report must be clearly stated, i.e.,

whether to “True North”; “Grid North as established by the NOS”; “Assumed North based on a

bearing for a well defined line, such as the center line of a road or right of way, etc.”; “a Deed Call

for a particular line”; or “the bearing of a particular line shown upon a plat.” References to Magnetic

North should be avoided except in the cases where a comparison is necessitated by a Deed Call.

In all cases, the bearings used shall be referenced to some well-established and monumented

☐10. A designated “north arrow” is shown prominently upon the survey map.

☐ A stated scale or graphic scale

☐11. Abbreviations generally used by the public or in proper names that do not relate to matters

of survey are excluded from the legend requirement.

a. Acceptable abbreviations on the face of survey maps are:

N = North

S = South

E = East

W = West

or any combination such as NE, SW, etc.

º = Degrees

' = Minutes when used in a bearing

'' = Seconds when used in a bearing

' = Feet when used in a distance

'' = Inches when used in a distance

AC = Acres

APPENDIX D

+/- = More or less (or Plus or Minus)

metric notation (m = meters, cm = centimeters, km = kilometers, etc.)

☐b. Any other abbreviations relating to survey matters must be clearly shown within a legend or

notes appearing on the face of the map or report.

☐12. When special conditions exist that effectively prevent the survey from meeting these

minimum standards, the special conditions and any necessary deviation from the standards shall

be noted upon the map or report.

13. The map or report must:

☐Clearly state the licensee who is responsible for all mapped features stated on the map or

report.

☐Clearly state the individual licensee primarily responsible for the map or report when mapped

features have been integrated with others.

14. Report Items:

☐a. Report items are information, such as: abbreviations, legends, accuracy statements, feature

lists, datums used, and things done or not done as part of the survey and mapping process.

☐The map or report shall contain other items necessary for an adequate communication of

survey methods and results as judged by the surveyor and mapper such as: data sources,

measurement methods, history and lineage of data, and limitations pertaining to the information

presented.

☐b. Text Report items shall be displayed either through notes on the map, report, or in a text

report delivered with the map.

☐When the report is produced as a hardcopy (paper) document and a map is attached, the

report shall be signed and sealed.

☐When the map is delivered in digital form only, then a report is required.

☐An attached map must clearly reference the report by title, date and subject; and the report

must likewise clearly refer to the map by title, date, and subject.

☐Statements must be made on the map and in the report that neither is full and complete without

the other.

15. Map Accuracy.

a. Vertical Feature Accuracy:

APPENDIX D

☐Vertical Control: Field-measured control for elevation information shown upon survey maps or

reports shall be based on a level loop or closure to a second benchmark.

☐Closure in feet must be accurate to a standard of plus or minus .05 ft. times the square root of

the distance in miles.

☐All surveys and maps or reports with elevation data shall indicate the datum and a description

of the benchmark(s) upon which the survey is based.

☐Minor elevation data may be obtained on an assumed datum provided the base elevation of

the datum is obviously different than the established datum.

b. Horizontal Feature Accuracy:

☐i. Horizontal Control: All surveys and maps or reports expressing or displaying features in a

publicly published coordinate system shall indicate the coordinate datum and a description of the

control points upon which the survey is based.

☐Minor coordinate data may be obtained and used on an assumed datum provided the

numerical basis of the datum is obviously different than a publicly published datum.

☐ii. The accuracy of control survey data shall be verified by redundant measurements or

traverse closures. All control measurements shall achieve the following closures:

Commercial/High Risk Linear: 1 foot in 10,000 feet;

Suburban: Linear: 1 foot in 7,500 feet;

Rural: Linear: 1 foot in 5,000 feet;

☐iii. When statistical procedures are used to calculate survey accuracies, the maximum

acceptable positional tolerance, based on the 95% confidence level, should meet the same

equivalent relative distance standards as set forth in sub-paragraphs 5J-17.051(3)(b)15.b.ii.,

F.A.C.

☐iv. Intended Display Scale: All maps or reports of surveys produced and delivered with digital

coordinate files must contain a statement to the effect of: “This map is intended to be displayed

at a scale of 1/__ or smaller”.

5J-17.052 Specific Survey, Map, and Report Requirements.

(1) As-Built/Record Survey:

☐(a) When performing as-built or record surveys, the surveyor and mapper shall obtain field

measurements of vertical or horizontal dimensions of constructed improvements so that the

APPENDIX D

constructed facility can be delineated in such a way that the location of the construction may be

compared with the construction plans.

☐(b) When the surveyor and mapper prepare as-built maps they will clearly show by symbols,

notations, or delineations, those constructed improvements located by the survey.

☐(c) All maps prepared shall meet applicable standards of practice.

☐(d) The vertical and horizontal accuracy of the measurements made shall be such that it may

be determined whether the improvements were constructed consistent with planned locations.

(2) Boundary Survey, Map, and Report:

(a) Boundaries of Real Property:

☐1. The surveyor and mapper shall make a determination of the position of the boundary of real

property in complete accord with the real property description shown on or attached to the survey

map or report.

☐2. All boundary surveys shall result in a map.

☐3. Any discrepancies between the survey map and the real property description must be

shown.

☐4. All changes in direction, including curves, shall be shown on the survey map by angles,

bearings or azimuths, and will be in the same form as the description or other recorded document

referenced on the map.

☐5. Curved lines with circular curves shall show the radii, arc distances and central angles, or

radii, arc distances, chord distances and chord bearings.

☐6. When intersecting lines are non-radial to a curve, sufficient angular data shall be shown to

relate the line to the curve.

☐7. Surveys of all or part of a lot(s) which is part of a recorded subdivision shall show the

following upon the map:

☐a. The lot(s) and block numbers or other designations, including those of adjoining lots.

☐b. A comparison between recorded directions and distances with field measured directions

and distances when they vary.

☐c. A comparison between the recorded directions and distances with field measured directions

and distances to the nearest street intersection, right of way intersection or other identifiable

reference point.

APPENDIX D

☐d. The dimensioned remaining portion of a lot(s) when part of a lot is included within the

description.

8. Surveys of parcels described by metes and bounds shall show the following upon the map:

☐a. The relationship of the parcel(s) to at least one established identifiable real property corner;

☐b. All information called for in the property description, such as point of commencement,

course bearings and distances, and point of beginning;

☐c. A comparison between recorded directions and distances and field measured directions and

distances on the boundary when they vary;

☐d. The most current abutting recorded instrument or recorded plat either known by the surveyor

and mapper or furnished to the surveyor and mapper.

(b) Boundary Monuments:

1. The surveyor and mapper shall:

☐Set monuments as defined herein, unless monuments already exist or cannot be set due to

physical obstructions at such corners or unless a water boundary has been located in approximate

position.

☐Clearly label all approximate water boundaries with notes and these shall be mapped in a

distinctly different graphic fashion from water boundaries located to full survey accuracy.

2. Every boundary monument set shall:

☐a. Be composed of a durable material;

☐b. Have a minimal length of 18 inches;

☐c. Have a minimum cross-section area of material of 0.2 square inches;

☐d. Be identified with a durable marker or cap bearing either the Florida license number of the

surveyor and mapper in responsible charge, the certificate of authorization number of the

business entity; or name of the business entity;

☐e. Be detectable with conventional instruments for finding ferrous or magnetic objects.

☐f. When a corner falls in a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, alternate monumentation

may be used that is durable and identifiable.

☐3. All monuments, found or placed, must be described on the survey map.

APPENDIX D

☐The corner descriptions shall state the size, material, and cap identification of the monument

as well as whether the monument was found or set.

☐4. When a parcel has an irregular roadway as a boundary, such as a dirt road or a common

law road, then a monumented meander or survey line shall be established along or near the

feature.

☐5. For other irregular boundaries such as a river, lake, beach, marsh or stream, not identified

as in subparagraph 5J-17.052(2)(a)1., F.A.C., a dimensioned meander or survey line may be

☐When a meander or survey line is used, monuments shall be set at the meander or survey

line’s terminus points on real property boundary lines and dimensions shall be shown between a

meander or survey line and the boundary line sufficient to show the relationship between the two.

6. A boundary survey updating a previous survey made by the same surveyor and mapper or

business entity, and which is performed for the purpose of locating non-completed new

improvements by measurements to the property lines or related offset lines placed on the property

since the previous survey, need not have the property corners reset.

☐7. Side ties to locate or set monuments shall be substantiated by a redundancy of

measurements.

(c) Boundary Inconsistencies:

☐1. Potential boundary inconsistencies that the survey process did not attempt to detect shall

be clearly indicated and explained on the survey map or in the report. Where evidence of

inconsistency is found, the nature of the inconsistency shall be shown upon the survey map, such

☐ a. Overlapping descriptions or hiatuses;

☐ b. Excess or deficiency;

☐c. Conflicting boundary lines or monuments; or

☐d. Doubt as to the location on the ground of survey lines or property rights.

☐2. Open and notorious evidence of boundary lines, such as fences, walls, buildings,

monuments or otherwise, shall be shown upon the map, together with dimensions sufficient to

show their relationship to the boundary line(s).

☐3. All apparent physical use onto or from adjoining property must be indicated, with the extent

of such use shown or noted upon the map.

APPENDIX D

☐4. In all cases where foundations may violate deed or easement lines and are beneath the

surface, failure to determine their location shall be noted upon the map or report.

(d) Rights-of-Way, Easements, and Other Real Property Concerns:

☐1. All recorded public and private rights-of-way shown on applicable recorded plats adjoining

or across the land being surveyed shall be located and shown upon the map.

☐2. Easements shown on applicable record plats or open and notorious evidence of easements

or rights-of-way on or across the land being surveyed shall be located and shown upon the map.

☐3. When streets or street rights-of-way abutting the land surveyed are physically closed to

travel, a note to this effect shall be shown upon the map.

☐4. When location of easements or rights-of-way of record, other than those on record plats, is

required, this information must be furnished to the surveyor and mapper.

☐ 5. Human cemeteries and burial grounds located within the premises shall be located and

shown upon the map when open and notorious, or when knowledge of their existence and location

is furnished to the surveyor and mapper.

(e) Real Property Improvements:

☐ 1. Location of fixed improvements pertinent to the survey shall be graphically shown upon the

map and their positions shall be dimensioned in reference to the boundaries, either directly or by

offset lines.

☐ 2. When fixed improvements are not located or do not exist, a note to this effect shall be

shown upon the map.

☐ 3. Building corners are acceptable as monumentation so long as use of building corners as

monumentation is clearly noted on survey drawing.

☐4. When a boundary survey updating a previous boundary survey is made by the same

surveyor or survey firm for purpose of locating non-completed new improvements, then property

corners need not be reset; however, when a boundary survey is updating a previous survey made

by the same surveyor or survey firm and is performed for purpose of locating completed new

improvements then property corners must be recovered or reset. When a boundary survey

updates a previous boundary survey made by a different surveyor or survey firm for the purpose

of locating either non-completed or completed new improvements, then property corners must be

recovered or reset.

(3) Construction Layout Survey:

APPENDIX D

☐(a) When the surveyor and mapper provides construction staking, these stakes must be based

on controls established using the survey standards set out in Rules 5J-17.051 and 5J-17.052,

F.A.C., of this chapter. The stakes provided should be adequate in number and position so that

the physical items can be constructed from the plans as designed.

☐(b) Horizontal and Vertical Controls for Public and Private Construction Layout:

1. Section 472.003(3), Florida Statutes, provides an exemption from licensing for certain classes

of individuals performing construction layout from boundary, horizontal and vertical controls that

have been established by a licensed professional surveyor and mapper. This rule is designed to

set out what constitutes horizontal and vertical controls.

a. Horizontal control monumentation for the purpose of this rule includes:

☐(I) Points of Curve, Points of Tangency, Points of Tangent Intersections, Points on Line and

Points on Curve.

☐(II) Points of Intersection of other streets or roads.

☐(III) Angle points or changes in direction.

☐b. Horizontal control monumentation for road center-lines, right-of-way lines, reference lines

or base lines shall be at least a minimum of two (2) points placed so that no point on the line being

monumented is more than 700 feet from a control monument.

☐c. Horizontal control monumentation for main utility lines (such as water, sewer, storm

drainage, electric, telephone, television, gas, etc.) when not constructed within or along a road

right-of-way control in accordance with sub-subparagraph 5J-17.052(3)(b)1.b.,F.A.C., shall be at

least a minimum of two (2) points placed so that no point on the line being monumented is more

than 700 feet from a control monument.

d. Horizontal control monumentation for buildings and/or primary constructions shall be at least:

☐(I) Boundaries, or

☐(II) Control or base lines (minimum of 2 points), or

☐(III) A minimum of a four-corner envelope for non-residential construction improvement layout.

☐e. Horizontal control monumentation required by plans as a control for horizontal location not

included in sub-subparagraph 5J-17.052(3)(b)1.b., c., or d., F.A.C., shall meet the requirements

of sub-subparagraph 5J-17.052(3)(b)2., F.A.C.

☐(c) All construction requiring benchmarks shall have a minimum of two (2) existent or

established benchmarks for vertical control.

APPENDIX D

☐(d) Vertical control for linear type construction sites such as roads and sewer lines shall have

a maximum of 1,100 feet between existent or established benchmarks.

☐(e) Vertical control for acreage construction sites shall have two (2) existent or established

benchmarks on the first ten (10) acres plus an additional benchmark for each additional ten (10)

acres.

☐(f) The only required documentation for this type of survey product shall be field notes.

(4) Control Survey:

☐(a) Geodetic Control Surveys: When applicable, all geodetic control surveys, both vertical and

horizontal, shall conform to the Standards and Specifications for Geodetic Control Networks

(1984) as set forth by the Federal Geodetic Control Committee (FGCC), which Standards and

Specifications are incorporated herein by reference, effective 5-13-96, and the Geospatial

Positioning Accuracy Standards Parts 1, 2, and 3, FGDC-STD-007.1-1998, entitled “Geospatial

Positioning Accuracy Standards Part 2: Standards for Geodetic Networks”, and FGDC-STD-

007.3-1998, entitled “Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards Part 3: National Standard for

Spatial Data Accuracy”, which are hereby incorporated by reference, effective 5-18-00, copies of

which may be obtained via the internet web site (http://fgdc.gov/standards_publications/). No use

of the terminology of these standards may be made without completely adopting and following all

the standards in their entirety. When these standards are not employed, then a survey, map, or

report shall explain applicable standards used in the geodetic control survey. All geodetic control

survey maps or reports shall show the horizontal and vertical datum used and shall contain

adequate graphical or written descriptions of the locations, construction and marking of all marks

used or set and shall explain methods employed in the survey and adjustment.

☐(b) Other Control Surveys: Any control survey map or report shall detail the datum used and

control stations used in a manner consistent with the general survey and map provisions of

subsection 5J-17.051, F.A.C.

(5) Descriptions/Sketch to Accompany Description:

☐(a) Descriptions written by a surveyor and mapper to describe land boundaries by metes and

bounds shall provide definitive identification of boundary lines.

(b) When a sketch accompanies the property description, it shall:

☐Show all information referenced in the description

☐State that such sketch is not a survey.

☐Contain an initial point in the description that shall be tied to either a government corner, a

recorded corner, or some other well-established survey point.

(6) Digital Data:

APPENDIX D

☐(a) When survey information is provided in digital form only, the surveyor and mapper shall

provide a signed and sealed report as set forth in paragraph 5J-17.051(3)(b)14.b., F.A.C.

(b) The digital file will reference the report and that

☐The digital file is not full and complete without the report.

(7) Ortho-Images/Photos:

☐(a) The survey, map, and/or report must contain a list of control points employed in geo-

referencing the image along with the source of control positions used.

☐(b) Positional Accuracy: Feature accuracies shall be stated.

☐(c) The Ortho-Image/Photo shall comply with the December 1996 US Department of the

Interior, US Geological Survey National Mapping Divisions, “National Mapping Program Technical

Instructions Part 2 Specifications Standards for Digital Orthophotos,” which are incorporated

herein by reference.

☐(8) Quantity Survey: The surveyor and mapper shall obtain horizontal and vertical

measurements adequate to delineate graphically geometric configurations and/or dimensions that

can be mathematically computed.

(9) Raster Imagery:

(a) The survey and report must contain:

☐A list of control points employed in geo-referencing the image along with the source of control

positions used.

☐A statement clearly stating that “This is not an ortho-image or ortho-photo.”

☐(b) Feature accuracies shall be stated.

(10) Subdivision Record Plat: This rule shall not apply to plats being prepared for filing and

recording pursuant to Chapter 177, Florida Statutes; however, this rule shall apply to any

boundary survey performed during the preparation of the plat.

(11) Specific Purpose Survey:

☐ (a) Surveys which are performed for a purpose other than the purposes encompassed by the

definitions in paragraphs 5J17.050(10)(a)-(i) or (k), F.A.C., shall be permitted only where unusual

conditions make impracticable or impossible the performance of one of the types of surveys

defined in paragraphs 5J-17.050(10)(a)-(i) or (k), F.A.C.

APPENDIX D

☐ (b) Such purpose and conditions shall be clearly shown upon the survey map or in the survey

report.

☐ (c) Surveys performed for purposes of monumenting, referencing, describing, and mapping

centerline or baseline may be performed as Specific Purpose Surveys. Additionally, surveys

performed for the purpose of monumenting official right-of-way lines may be performed as

Specific Purpose Surveys.

(12) Topographic Survey:

☐ (a) Topographic surveying and mapping by field methods shall meet general provisions

applicable to all surveys and maps as set out in Rule 5J-17.051, F.A.C. A minimum of two site

benchmarks on or near the survey shall be indicated upon the survey map.

☐ (b) Topographic Features.

1. Intended Features.

☐ Can you correctly interpret the intended map coverage?

☐ Report which topographic features were intended to be surveyed and mapped

☐ The style of cartographic representation employed for each feature

☐ Degree of intended completeness in the surveying and mapping of each feature stated.

☐ As with abbreviations, any symbols, line types, etc. shown on the survey map shall be

explained and/or defined in a legend.

2. Obscured Areas.

☐ Features in obscured areas where the desired points or surfaces being mapped are not clearly

visible on source images shall be clearly labeled on the map as “interpolated” or “estimated”

through the use of notes

☐ Features in obstructed areas are depicted graphically clearly different from other surveyed

features.

☐ 3. Scale of Map. The scale of the map that is selected when provided in hard copy shall be

sufficient to accurately and clearly show the results of the survey.

☐ 4. Property Lines. Any depiction of property lines on a topographic map shall be accompanied

with a statement as to the source of the property lines shown.

APPENDIX D

Right of Way Requirement Changes Tracking Form

Form Created: June 07, 2004; Updated; June 05, 2009, April 24, 2012, October 07, 2013, August 6,2015

FPN: Section: Project Description: FDOT PM:

Design Firm: EOR Name: Signature: Date:

60% Phase II Plans Approved/Comment Resolution Date:

R/W Req. & LOC to S&M (start 60% Map) Date:

60% Mapping Team Meeting (Parcel by Parcel Review) Date: Initial No. of Parcels:

100% R/W Map Complete Date: DOC’s to R/W Date: Final No. of Parcels:

List Dates for Each Time Form is Updated With Changes: (1) All dates are actual, not scheduled dates. (2) All rows are expanding, so please provide sufficient detail as required. To insert a row go to Table, Insert, Rows (this allows the form to be kept in Parcel No. order). (3) The first four (4) columns below will be completed for all requirements/parcels with the initial date added being the same date r/w requirements are delivered to the R/W Surveyor to start 60% R/W Map stage. The initial form is required to be submitted both electronically and signed hard copy. (4) The initial form will be completed during the 60% Mapping Team Meeting (parcel by parcel review) which will be held as soon as possible after delivery of the requirements. (5) The remaining columns will be completed for only those parcels that are proposed for changes after the Mapping Team Meeting through right of way certified clear. (6) Any issue that can not be resolved during the parcel by parcel review and proposed changes occurring after the parcel by parcel review will be submitted to the Department Heads for review and decision on the direction to take.

(7) Code: 01 Design Change to Scope (i.e. typical section , drainage design) 10 Tweaking of Design Due to Final Geometry Calcs on Property Lines 02 Variance or Exception Granted 11 Avoid Impacts to Real Estate Improvements 03 Permitting Issue 12 Reduce Damages to Remainder Property

04 Utility Design Issue 13 Development of the Property 05 Local Agency (JPA) Delay or Default 14 Real Estate Costs 06 Design Accommodation versus R/W Take (i.e. wall vs. slope easement) 15 Real Estate Interest Change (i.e. fee to easement)

07 Design Mistake 16 Property Owner’s Request 08 Survey Mistake 17 Uneconomic Remnant 09 Property Changes Resulting from Complete Title Work (i.e. property split) 18 Other

Approximate Survey Line

Station Lt. / Rt.

Parcel No. (Assigned By S&M)

PE,TE, LA

Parcel Added

Date of Request

to Change Parcel

Discipline Requesting

Change (Design,

R/W, S&M)

Reason for Change

Date Change

Approved GR,JA,FL,AB

APPENDIX D

Approximate Survey Line

Station Lt. / Rt.

Parcel No. (Assigned By S&M)

PE,TE, LA

Parcel Added

Date of Request

to Change Parcel

Discipline Requesting

Change (Design,

R/W, S&M)

Reason for Change

Date Change

Approved GR,JA,FL,AB

APPENDIX D

FDOT Project Log

State Road No:

Financial Profect No:

County:

Road Section/Roadway ID No:

Name of Reporting Consultants

Begin Reporting Period Log

Reporting Period: From To

Major Project Milestones

(Use N/A if not applicable. Add tasks if not shown. Do not delete tasks/actions)

FDOT Staff Hour Tab # 27, 28 or 30

% Complete

27.01 Horizontal Project Network Control (by XXX)

27.02 Vertical Project Control/Bench Run (by XXX)

27.03 Alignment and Existing R/W Ties

27.04 Aerial Targets (by XXX)

27.05 Reference Points

27.06 Topography/DTM (3D)

27.07 Planimetric (2D)

27.08 Roadway Cross-Sections/Profiles

27.09 Side Street Surveys

27.10 Underground Utilities (by XXX)

27.11 Outfall Surveys

27.12 Drainage Surveys (by XXX)

27.13 Bridge Surveys

27.14 Channel Surveys

27.15 Pond Site Surveys

27.16 Mitigation Surveys

27.17 Jurisdictional Surveys

27.18 Geotechnical Surveys

27.19 Sectional/Grant Surveys

27.20 Subdivision Location

APPENDIX D

27.21 Maintained R/W

27.22 Boundary Surveys

27.23 Water Boundary Surveys

27.24 R/W Staking/R/W Line

27.25 R/W Monumentation

27.26 Line Cutting

27.27 Work Zone Safety

27.28 Miscellaneous Surveys

27.29 Supplemental Surveys

28.01 Flight Preparation (by XXX)

28.02 Control Point Coordination (by XXX)

28.03 Mobilization (by XXX)

28.04 Flight Operations (by XXX)

28.05 Film Processing (by XXX)

28.06 Photo Products (by XXX)

28.09 Aerial Triangulation (by XXX)

28.10 Digital Terrain Model (3D) (by XXX)

28.16 Planimetrics (2D) (by XXX)

28.18 CADD Edits (by XXX)

28.19 Data Merging (by XXX)

28.21 Field Review (by XXX)

Scheduled Date Actual Date

Alignment Review Submittal

30% Control Survey Map Submittal

Mainline Design Survey Submittal

Updated Design Survey Submittal

30% R/W Map Submittal

100% Control Survey Submittal

Certified Design Survey Deliverables

Actions for Current Reporting Period:

Actions Expected for Next Reporting Period:

This report needs to reflect the present status (in percent complete) of the project when

compared to the scoped tasks. This report needs to show all actions applicable to each

reporting period, and must be submitted no later than the last Tuesday of every month or

as otherwise requested.

APPENDIX D

INVOICING PERIOD DATES: 1/0/1900 to 1/0/1900 NTP DATE: 1/0/1900

FINANCIAL PROJECT # : DATABASE # : 0

PROJECT LIMITS:

Limiting Amount

WORK ITEMSCONTRACT

DAYS/HOURS

PERCENT OF TASK

FIELD SURVEY NOTES:

Horizontal PNC 2 1 50%

Vertical PNC/Bench line 2 1 50%

Alignment and/or Existing R/W lines 2 1 50%

Reference Points 2 1 50%

Topography (2D) 2 1 50%

Digital Terrain Model (DTM) 2 1 50%

Roadway Cross-Sections/Profile 2 1 50%

Underground Utilities Designates 2 1 50%

Underground Utilities Locates 2 1 50%

work Zone Safety 2 1 50%

Supplemental Surveys 2 1 50%

TOTAL 22 11 50%

I APPROVE / DISAPPROVE THE PERCENTAGE OF WORK COMPLETED.

Surveying & Mapping Consultant Management Department

TOTAL FIELD WORK PERCENT:

SIGNATURE: DATE:

PERCENTAGE COMPLETE

SURVEYOR IN CHARGE SIGNATURE

PERCENTAGE OF FIELD WORK COMPLETE FORM

FIRM NAME

SURVEYOR IN CHARGE

APPENDIX D

FINANCIAL PROJECT # : 0 DATABASE # : 0

PROJECT LIMITS:

WORK ITEMSCONTRACT

TOTAL HOURS

PERCENT OF TASK

CONTROL MAP NOTES:

COVER SHEET 2 1 50%

KEY SHEET(S) 2 1 50%

DETAIL SHEET(S) 2 1 50%

REFERENCE SHEET(S) 2 1 50%

QA/QC 2 1 50%

TOTAL 10 5 50%

District Right of Way Surveyor

SIGNATURE: DATE:

PERCENTAGE OF CONTROL MAP WORK COMPLETE FORM

FIRM NAME

SURVEYOR IN CHARGE

TOTAL CONTROL MAP PERCENT:

PERCENTAGE COMPLETE

APPENDIX D

FINANCIAL PROJECT # : DATABASE # : 0

PROJECT LIMITS:

WORK ITEMSCONTRACT

TOTAL HOURS

PERCENT OF TASK

RIGHT OF WAY MAP NOTES:

COVER SHEET 2 1 50%

KEY SHEET(S) 2 1 50%

DETAIL SHEET(S) 2 1 50%

TABLE OF OWNERSHIPS SHEET(S) 2 1 50%

LEGAL DESCRIPITIONS 2 1 50%

QA/QC 2 1 50%

TOTAL 12 6 50%

District Right of Way Surveyor

SIGNATURE: DATE:

TOTAL RIGHT OF WAY MAP PERCENT:

PERCENTAGE COMPLETE

PERCENTAGE OF RIGHT OF WAY MAP WORK COMPLETE FORM

FIRM NAME

SURVEYOR IN CHARGE

APPENDIX D

CONSULTANT: Project Description: 4 Man 8 Hour day F.C.

Date: 1/0/1900 Date: 1/1/1900 Date: 1/2/1900 Date: 1/3/1900 Date: 1/4/1900 Date: 1/5/1900 Date:1/6/1900

Crew Name Hours Crew Name HoursCrew Name Hours Crew Name Hours Crew Name HoursCrew Name Hours Crew Name Hours

TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK:

Office Name Hours Office Name HoursOffice Name Hours Office Name Hours Office Name HoursOffice Name Hours Office Name Hours

Sr Surveyor & Mapper: Sr Surveyor & Mapper: Sr Surveyor & Mapper: Sr Surveyor & Mapper: Sr Surveyor & Mapper: Sr Surveyor & Mapper: Sr Surveyor & Mapper:

Surveyor and Mapper Surveyor and Mapper Surveyor and Mapper Surveyor and Mapper Surveyor and Mapper Surveyor and Mapper Surveyor and Mapper

CADD/Survey Tech CADD/Survey Tech CADD/Survey Tech CADD/Survey Tech CADD/Survey Tech CADD/Survey Tech CADD/Survey Tech

Clerical: Clerical: Clerical: Clerical: Clerical: Clerical: Clerical:

TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK: TASK:

WEEKLY REPORT OF SURVEY ACTIVITIES

FIELD CREW HOURS SHOWN HEREON ARE FROM THE TIME THE FIELD CREW LEAVES THE CONSULTANT’S OFFICE IN THE MORNING TO THE TIME THEY

RETURN TO THE OFFICE IN THE AFTERNOON, EXCLUDING TIME SPENT FOR LUNCH.

Based on a

Contract No.: Authorization No. FM No.: 0 Database No. 0

APPENDIX E

SURVEY REPORT

This section contains a standard format for survey reports that will be submitted to the

Department. This format may not cover all necessary information for every survey report,

as all projects and types of surveys are different. Because of this, some projects may

require more information to be included in a survey report than what is outlined herein. It

is always appropriate to include as much information as necessary when preparing a

survey report.

APPENDIX E

SURVEY REPORT

1. PROJECT INFORMATION

1.1. Firm

1.2. Financial Project number

1.3. Project name

1.4. State Road number

1.5. Roadway Section Identification Number

1.6. Project limits, e.g. This project is along SR 10 (US 90) between Magnolia Drive

and Capital Circle NE in Leon County, FL.

1.7. Survey date (give the start and end dates)

1.8. Units of measure

2. TYPE OF SURVEY

State the type of survey in accordance with Rule Chapter 5J-17.050, Florida

Administrative Code. If the survey is a specific purpose survey, state the purpose.

3. METHODOLOGY

This section should explain the method(s) used in the survey process. If this is a

topographic survey, give a description of the procedure(s) used to collect topographic

information; if it is a control survey, state the procedure used in setting or locating

monumentation.

Also, this is the place to explain the procedures used in the development of the Digital

Terrain Model (DTM).

4. PROJECT CONTROL

4.1. Horizontal Datum

4.2. Horizontal Control Points – list all control points set and/or used. If the list is long,

attach it as an appendix.

4.3. Vertical Datum

4.4. Vertical Control Points – list all control points set and/or used. If the list is long,

attach it as an appendix.

5. SOURCES

Identify any sources used in the preparation of the survey, e.g. right of way maps, plats,

legal descriptions, aerial imagery, abstracts of title, jurisdictional areas, ordinary high

water lines, mean high water lines.

APPENDIX E

6. GENERAL NOTES

This section should include any survey notes that typically appear on the face of a survey

map, e.g. This survey is not valid without the signature and original raised seal of a

Florida licensed surveyor and mapper or This map is intended to be displayed at a scale

of 1/_ or smaller.

7. LEGEND AND ABBREVIATIONS

This section should include all abbreviations, symbols and linetypes used in the digital

file(s).

8. COMPILATION OF SURVEYS

When a survey project involves multiple surveyors or firms, a lead surveyor will be

identified. A comprehensive survey report will be prepared by the lead surveyor and

should detail the total survey, describing the roles and responsibilities of each surveying

entity and will reference and include as attachments, all survey reports prepared by the

other surveyors involved in the project.

9. FILES LIST

List all files that are part of the deliverable

10. CERTIFICATION

I hereby certify that this survey and all files herein are a true and accurate representation

of a field survey made under my responsible charge, and that to the best of my knowledge

meets the Standards of Practice as set forth by the Board of Professional Surveyors and

Mappers in Rule Chapter 5J-17 of the Florida Administrative Code.

_______________________________________ _____________

Name Date

Florida Professional Surveyor and Mapper

License Number ________

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